See -al on Wiktionary
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"Du latin -alis.",
"Productivité : les mots récemment créés avec -al s’échelonnent entre le début du siècle et 1961 ; il est supplanté, dans la néologie, par -el.",
"Les suffixes -el et -al sont des variantes, il arrive cependant que des adjectifs formés avec l’un et l’autre, une fois lexicalisés, se différencient : originel et original."
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"form": "ale",
"ipas": [
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"ipas": [
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"Suffixe adjectival. Peut être nominalisé."
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{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
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{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-al"
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{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-el"
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{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-ek"
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"word": "-al"
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"categories": [
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"name": "Suffixes en allemand",
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"id": "fr--al-de-suffix-OnN1gyQS"
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"name": "Lexique en allemand de la chimie",
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"glosses": [
"Suffixe indiquant l'appartenance aux aldéhydes."
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"id": "fr--al-de-suffix-5SplKRBV",
"topics": [
"chemistry"
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"tags": [
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"word": "-al"
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{
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"Du latin -alis."
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"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
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"glosses": [
"Équivalent de -al."
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"ipa": "\\əl\\"
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"Du latin -alis."
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"-al, suffixe adjectival."
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"Du latin -alis."
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"lang_code": "es",
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"-al, suffixe adjectival."
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"(1887) Attesté dans Unua Libro. D’après Ebbe Vilborg, l’étymologie du suffixe est inconnue. Toutefois, il existe plusieurs hypothèses :\n:* Gaston Waringhien et Geraldo Mattos lient le suffixe au latin quare. Ce rapprochement justifie la présence du « a », mais pas celle du « l ». Mattos suppose une influence du volapük, où les « r » ont été changés en « l » (par exemple, l’anglais year devient le volapük yel). La raison de cette influence reste inconnue : Mattos précise qu’il s’agit de phonèmes proches et Waringhien indique que Louis-Lazare Zamenhof, créateur de l’espéranto, ne trouvait pas agréable le son d’un « r » final ;\n:* Waringhien propose une autre hypothèse en 1967 : le suffixe « -al » serait une variante de l’infixe « -il- ». Toutefois, Vilborg précise que « -al » et « -il » n’ont rien en commun, que ça soit dans leurs sens ou dans leurs fonctionnements dans la langue ;\n:* Canko Murgin identifie le suffixe « -al » aux suffixes latin -alis, français -al, espagnol -al, italien -ale et au russe каузальный, kauzal’nyj ;\n:* Herbert M. Scott le déduit des langues slaves, comme le polonais dla ou le russe для, dlja, par aphérèse et métathèse."
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"lang_code": "eo",
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"pos_title": "Suffixe",
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"text": "ĉial, pour toutes sortes de raisons"
},
{
"text": "ial, pour une certaine raison"
},
{
"text": "kial, pourquoi"
},
{
"text": "nenial, sans raison"
},
{
"text": "tial, parce que"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dans les tabelvortoj, terminaison des corrélatifs, marque la cause."
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"id": "fr--al-eo-suffix-zWDA1iks"
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"name": "Suffixes en gallo",
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"name": "Gallo en graphie ABCD",
"orig": "gallo en graphie ABCD",
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"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"notes": [
"Le féminin des noms en -al se fait en -ale et le pluriel avec le suffixe -s donnant -als ou -ales.",
"Toutefois, certains mots ont des pluriels irréguliers en :\n:* -aos ;\n:* -iaos."
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"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
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"id": "fr--al-gallo-suffix-9UrOU6fL"
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"word": "-al"
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"lang_code": "ia",
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"-al Suffixe adjectival. (Peut être nominalisé)."
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"→ voir -alis"
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"forms": [
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"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
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"nominative"
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{
"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
"plural",
"accusative"
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},
{
"form": "-alis",
"tags": [
"singular",
"genitive"
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{
"form": "-alium",
"tags": [
"plural",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-alī",
"tags": [
"singular",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alibus",
"tags": [
"plural",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alī",
"tags": [
"singular",
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alibus",
"tags": [
"plural",
"ablative"
]
}
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"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffixe nominal, dérivé de -ale, neutre du suffixe adjectival -alis. Il indique le plus souvent des lieux ou des objets en rapport avec l'action de l'adjectif correspondant"
],
"id": "fr--al-la-suffix-~JG97MCg"
}
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"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-al"
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan provençal",
"orig": "occitan provençal",
"parents": [],
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{
"word": "lagremal"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin -alis."
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"forms": [
{
"form": "-au",
"raw_tags": [
"Gascon"
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"tags": [
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"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
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"glosses": [
"-al, suffixe adjectival."
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"ipa": "\\ˈal\\"
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"plural"
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"word": "-al"
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"lang": "Volapük réformé",
"lang_code": "vo",
"notes": [
"En comparaison du suffixe -el, il marque une supériorité de l'acteur ; par exemple : tik est la pensée, tikel est le penseur & tikal est le profond penseur, l'intellectuel."
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
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{
"glosses": [
"Désinence qui désigne une personne qui s’occupe de la chose exprimée par le radical, à un niveau élevé."
],
"id": "fr--al-vo-suffix-hhM4-J6A"
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-al"
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"categories": [
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"allemand"
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"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en allemand"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixe formant un adjectif, indique une relation."
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},
{
"categories": [
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"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en allemand"
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"glosses": [
"Suffixe indiquant l'appartenance aux aldéhydes."
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"topics": [
"chemistry"
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"Du latin -alis."
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
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"glosses": [
"Équivalent de -al."
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"ipa": "\\ˈal\\"
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"word": "-al"
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"Du latin -alis."
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"form": "-ales",
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"-al, suffixe adjectival."
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],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1887) Attesté dans Unua Libro. D’après Ebbe Vilborg, l’étymologie du suffixe est inconnue. Toutefois, il existe plusieurs hypothèses :\n:* Gaston Waringhien et Geraldo Mattos lient le suffixe au latin quare. Ce rapprochement justifie la présence du « a », mais pas celle du « l ». Mattos suppose une influence du volapük, où les « r » ont été changés en « l » (par exemple, l’anglais year devient le volapük yel). La raison de cette influence reste inconnue : Mattos précise qu’il s’agit de phonèmes proches et Waringhien indique que Louis-Lazare Zamenhof, créateur de l’espéranto, ne trouvait pas agréable le son d’un « r » final ;\n:* Waringhien propose une autre hypothèse en 1967 : le suffixe « -al » serait une variante de l’infixe « -il- ». Toutefois, Vilborg précise que « -al » et « -il » n’ont rien en commun, que ça soit dans leurs sens ou dans leurs fonctionnements dans la langue ;\n:* Canko Murgin identifie le suffixe « -al » aux suffixes latin -alis, français -al, espagnol -al, italien -ale et au russe каузальный, kauzal’nyj ;\n:* Herbert M. Scott le déduit des langues slaves, comme le polonais dla ou le russe для, dlja, par aphérèse et métathèse."
],
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ĉial, pour toutes sortes de raisons"
},
{
"text": "ial, pour une certaine raison"
},
{
"text": "kial, pourquoi"
},
{
"text": "nenial, sans raison"
},
{
"text": "tial, parce que"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dans les tabelvortoj, terminaison des corrélatifs, marque la cause."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\al\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/LL-Q143_(epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav/LL-Q143_(epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/LL-Q143_(epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav/LL-Q143_(epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Toulouse (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7--al.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Suffixes en français",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en breton",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin -alis.",
"Productivité : les mots récemment créés avec -al s’échelonnent entre le début du siècle et 1961 ; il est supplanté, dans la néologie, par -el.",
"Les suffixes -el et -al sont des variantes, il arrive cependant que des adjectifs formés avec l’un et l’autre, une fois lexicalisés, se différencient : originel et original."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aux",
"ipas": [
"\\o\\",
"\\al\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-als",
"ipas": [
"\\o\\",
"\\al\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ale",
"ipas": [
"\\al\\"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-ales",
"ipas": [
"\\al\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffixe adjectival. Peut être nominalisé."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\al\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Lyon (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--al.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "-ek"
}
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Suffixes en gallo",
"gallo",
"gallo en graphie ABCD"
],
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"notes": [
"Le féminin des noms en -al se fait en -ale et le pluriel avec le suffixe -s donnant -als ou -ales.",
"Toutefois, certains mots ont des pluriels irréguliers en :\n:* -aos ;\n:* -iaos."
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"raw_tags": [
"graphie ABCD"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffixe formant des adjectifs ayant rapport à…"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en interlingua issus d’un mot en latin",
"Suffixes en interlingua",
"interlingua"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin -alis."
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-al Suffixe adjectival. (Peut être nominalisé)."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈal\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Suffixes en latin",
"latin"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"→ voir -alis"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
"plural",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alia",
"tags": [
"plural",
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alis",
"tags": [
"singular",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-alium",
"tags": [
"plural",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-alī",
"tags": [
"singular",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alibus",
"tags": [
"plural",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alī",
"tags": [
"singular",
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "-alibus",
"tags": [
"plural",
"ablative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffixe nominal, dérivé de -ale, neutre du suffixe adjectival -alis. Il indique le plus souvent des lieux ou des objets en rapport avec l'action de l'adjectif correspondant"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en occitan issus d’un mot en latin",
"Suffixes en occitan",
"occitan",
"occitan provençal"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lagremal"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin -alis."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-au",
"raw_tags": [
"Gascon"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-al, suffixe adjectival."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈal\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"plural"
],
"word": "-al"
}
{
"categories": [
"Suffixes en volapük réformé",
"volapük réformé"
],
"lang": "Volapük réformé",
"lang_code": "vo",
"notes": [
"En comparaison du suffixe -el, il marque une supériorité de l'acteur ; par exemple : tik est la pensée, tikel est le penseur & tikal est le profond penseur, l'intellectuel."
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "Suffixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Désinence qui désigne une personne qui s’occupe de la chose exprimée par le radical, à un niveau élevé."
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "-al"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -al meaning in All languages combined (9.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-28 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.