"by" meaning in All languages combined

See by on Wiktionary

Noun [Afrikaans]

IPA: /bəi/, [bə̟i̯] Forms: bye [plural]
Etymology: From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bie, from Old Dutch *bīa. Etymology templates: {{inh|af|nl|bij}} Dutch bij, {{inh|af|dum|bie}} Middle Dutch bie, {{inh|af|odt|*bīa}} Old Dutch *bīa Head templates: {{head|af|noun|||plural|bye|||||||||||||f2accel-form=p|f2request=1|f5accel-form=diminutive|head=}} by (plural bye), {{af-noun|e}} by (plural bye)
  1. bee Derived forms: heuningby, hommelby
    Sense id: en-by-af-noun-YsuBtZBK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Preposition [Afrikaans]

IPA: /bəi/, [bə̟i̯]
Etymology: From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī. Etymology templates: {{inh|af|nl|bij}} Dutch bij, {{inh|af|dum|bi}} Middle Dutch bi, {{inh|af|odt|bī}} Old Dutch bī Head templates: {{head|af|preposition}} by
  1. at
    Sense id: en-by-af-prep-sda5G2fC Categories (other): Afrikaans prepositions Disambiguation of Afrikaans prepositions: 33 33 33
  2. to
    Sense id: en-by-af-prep-Zj6hv~~l Categories (other): Afrikaans prepositions Disambiguation of Afrikaans prepositions: 33 33 33
  3. by Categories (lifeform): Insects
    Sense id: en-by-af-prep-p-LSbo0V Disambiguation of Insects: 0 0 0 100 Categories (other): Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header, Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup, Afrikaans prepositions Disambiguation of Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup: 0 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Afrikaans prepositions: 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: byna, byrie, daarby, hierby
Etymology number: 1

Preposition [Chinese]

IPA: /paɪ̯⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /paɪ̯⁵⁵/ Chinese transliterations: bāi [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄅㄞ [Mandarin, bopomofo], bāi [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], bai [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], pai¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], bāi [Mandarin, Yale], bai [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], бай [Mandarin, Palladius], baj [Mandarin, Palladius]
Etymology: Semantic shift from English by. Etymology templates: {{bor|zh|en|by}} English by Head templates: {{head|zh|preposition}} by
  1. (Taiwan, informal) according to Tags: Taiwan, informal Synonyms: BY
    Sense id: en-by-zh-prep-KWGm0cjc Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese prepositions, Chinese terms written in foreign scripts, Mandarin prepositions, Taiwanese Chinese

Particle [Czech]

IPA: [ˈbɪ] Audio: Cs-by.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old Czech by, from Proto-Slavic *by. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|cs|zlw-ocs|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Czech by, {{inh+|cs|zlw-ocs|by}} Inherited from Old Czech by, {{inh|cs|sla-pro|*by}} Proto-Slavic *by Head templates: {{head|cs|particle}} by
  1. third-person singular conditional subjunctive of být; would Tags: conditional, form-of, singular, subjunctive, third-person Form of: být (extra: would)
    Sense id: en-by-cs-particle-MS4lAusx Categories (other): Czech entries with incorrect language header, Czech particles Disambiguation of Czech entries with incorrect language header: 81 19 Disambiguation of Czech particles: 89 11
  2. (clipping, informal); would Tags: clipping, informal
    Sense id: en-by-cs-particle-87bLPYj6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: aby, bych, bychom, bys, byste, kdyby

Noun [Danish]

IPA: [ˈb̥yˀ]
Etymology: From Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement). Etymology templates: {{der|da|non|bǿr|býr, bœr|tr=settlement}} Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement) Head templates: {{head|da|noun|singular definite|byen||{{{sg-def-2}}}|||plural indefinite|byer||{{{pl-indef-2}}}||{{{com}}}|f1accel-form=def|s|f4accel-form=indef|p|g=c|g2=|head=}} by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer), {{da-noun|en|er}} by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer) Inflection templates: {{da-decl|en|er}}, {{da-noun-infl-base|g=c|gen-pl-def=byernes|gen-pl-def-2=|gen-pl-def-3=|gen-pl-indef=byers|gen-pl-indef-2=|gen-sg-def=byens|gen-sg-def-2=|gen-sg-indef=bys|gen-sg-indef-2=|gen-sg-indef-3=|pl-def=byerne|pl-def-2=|pl-def-3=|pl-indef=byer|pl-indef-2=|pl-indef-3=|sg-def=byen|sg-def-2=|sg-indef=by}} Forms: byen [definite, singular], byer [indefinite, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], by [indefinite, nominative, singular], byen [definite, nominative, singular], byer [indefinite, nominative, plural], byerne [definite, nominative, plural], bys [genitive, indefinite, singular], byens [definite, genitive, singular], byers [genitive, indefinite, plural], byernes [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. town, city Tags: common-gender
    Sense id: en-by-da-noun-ZCEWfNGR Categories (other): Danish entries with incorrect language header Related terms: bydel [common-gender], bymidte [common-gender], bymæssig [adjective], byområde [neuter], byorkester [neuter], byplanlægning [common-gender], byret [common-gender], byråd [neuter], byvåben [neuter], byzone [common-gender], landsby [common-gender], stad [common-gender]

Adjective [English]

IPA: /baɪ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-by.ogg [US]
enPR: bī Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{m|enm|bi}} bi, {{inh|en|ang|bī||by; near; around}} Old English bī (“by; near; around”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*bi||near; by; around; about}} Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, {{cog|fy|by||by; near}} West Frisian by (“by; near”), {{cog|af|by||at; by; near}} Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), {{cog|stq|bie||near; by}} Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), {{cog|nl|bij||near; by}} Dutch bij (“near; by”), {{cog|nds-de|bi||by; near; at}} German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), {{cog|de|bei||by; near; at}} German bei (“by; near; at”) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} by (not comparable)
  1. Out of the way, off to one side. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-by-en-adj-tuCt-m1E Categories (other): Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English prepositions, Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 11 2 2 2 7 1 1 1 6 1 9 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 8 1 4 4 1 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 1 1 2 8 1 1 1 5 1 7 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 10 0 5 4 0 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 12 2 1 3 7 1 1 1 6 2 8 4 4 4 3 6 4 4 4 4 3 9 1 5 4 1 Disambiguation of English prepositions: 6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3 Disambiguation of Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes: 12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1
  2. Subsidiary, incidental. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-by-en-adj-8O~Jymsp
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye (english: archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection) Derived forms: English terms prefixed with by-

Adverb [English]

IPA: /baɪ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-by.ogg [US]
enPR: bī Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{m|enm|bi}} bi, {{inh|en|ang|bī||by; near; around}} Old English bī (“by; near; around”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*bi||near; by; around; about}} Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, {{cog|fy|by||by; near}} West Frisian by (“by; near”), {{cog|af|by||at; by; near}} Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), {{cog|stq|bie||near; by}} Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), {{cog|nl|bij||near; by}} Dutch bij (“near; by”), {{cog|nds-de|bi||by; near; at}} German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), {{cog|de|bei||by; near; at}} German bei (“by; near; at”) Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} by (not comparable)
  1. Along a path which runs past the speaker. Tags: not-comparable Translations (along a path): forbi (Danish), langs (Dutch), ohi (Finnish), längs (German), 道に沿って (michi ni sotte) (alt: みちにそって) (Japanese), di sepanjang (Malay), tê re (Northern Kurdish), di ber re (Northern Kurdish), por mim [singular] (Portuguese), por nós [plural] (Portuguese), seachad (Scottish Gaelic), okolo (Slovak), por (Spanish), längs (Swedish), längs med (Swedish), повз (povz) (Ukrainian), qua (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-by-en-adv-KnwbgEyo Disambiguation of 'along a path': 95 2 0 2
  2. In the vicinity, near. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-by-en-adv-Qk837xYU
  3. To or at a place, as a residence or place of business. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-by-en-adv-SzIj2BDN
  4. (uncommon) aside, away Tags: not-comparable, uncommon
    Sense id: en-by-en-adv-4JaLoBr2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye (english: archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection)
Derived forms: by the by, bypass, drop by, full and by, nearby, pass by, passerby, put by, right by, stand by, stop by

Interjection [English]

IPA: /baɪ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-by.ogg [US]
enPR: bī Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{m|enm|bi}} bi, {{inh|en|ang|bī||by; near; around}} Old English bī (“by; near; around”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*bi||near; by; around; about}} Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, {{cog|fy|by||by; near}} West Frisian by (“by; near”), {{cog|af|by||at; by; near}} Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), {{cog|stq|bie||near; by}} Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), {{cog|nl|bij||near; by}} Dutch bij (“near; by”), {{cog|nds-de|bi||by; near; at}} German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), {{cog|de|bei||by; near; at}} German bei (“by; near; at”) Head templates: {{en-interj}} by
  1. Dated form of bye (“goodbye”). Tags: alt-of, dated Alternative form of: bye (extra: goodbye)
    Sense id: en-by-en-intj-za5DE79Q
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye (english: archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection)

Noun [English]

IPA: /baɪ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-by.ogg [US] Forms: bys [plural]
enPR: bī Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{m|enm|bi}} bi, {{inh|en|ang|bī||by; near; around}} Old English bī (“by; near; around”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*bi||near; by; around; about}} Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, {{cog|fy|by||by; near}} West Frisian by (“by; near”), {{cog|af|by||at; by; near}} Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), {{cog|stq|bie||near; by}} Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), {{cog|nl|bij||near; by}} Dutch bij (“near; by”), {{cog|nds-de|bi||by; near; at}} German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), {{cog|de|bei||by; near; at}} German bei (“by; near; at”) Head templates: {{en-noun|s}} by (plural bys)
  1. Alternative form of bye. Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: bye
    Sense id: en-by-en-noun-OXZ6R6hi
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye (english: archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection)

Preposition [English]

IPA: /baɪ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-by.ogg [US]
enPR: bī Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{m|enm|bi}} bi, {{inh|en|ang|bī||by; near; around}} Old English bī (“by; near; around”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*bi||near; by; around; about}} Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, {{cog|fy|by||by; near}} West Frisian by (“by; near”), {{cog|af|by||at; by; near}} Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), {{cog|stq|bie||near; by}} Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), {{cog|nl|bij||near; by}} Dutch bij (“near; by”), {{cog|nds-de|bi||by; near; at}} German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), {{cog|de|bei||by; near; at}} German bei (“by; near; at”) Head templates: {{head|en|prepositions|head=}} by, {{en-prep}} by
  1. Near or next to. Translations (near, or next to): بِجَانِب (bi-jānib) (Arabic), جنب (ganb) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), جنب (janb) [Hijazi-Arabic] (Arabic), մոտ (mot) (Armenian), կողքին (koġkʿin) (Armenian), янында (yanında) (Bashkir), ba (Bavarian), до (do) (Bulgarian), край (kraj) (Bulgarian), al costat (Catalan), proïsme (Catalan), 在……旁 (zāi … pang) (Chinese Mandarin), u (Czech), ved (Danish), bij (Dutch), apud (Esperanto), vieressä (Finnish), à côté de (French), au bord de (French), près de (French), cabo (Galician), so (Galician), bei (German), neben (German), kokoke (Hawaiian), hiʻialo (Hawaiian), עד (Hebrew), जानिब (jānib) (Hindi), við (Icelandic), apud (Ido), di sebelah ... (Indonesian), vicino (Italian), accanto (Italian), ravvicinato (Italian), …の側に (no sobani) (alt: のそばに) (Japanese), …の側で (no sobade) (alt: のそばで) (Japanese), ...king lele naning... (Kapampangan), ...king siping naning... (Kapampangan), kalele naning... (Kapampangan), kasiping naning... (Kapampangan), pangalele naning... (Kapampangan), pangasiping naning... (Kapampangan), 옆에 (yeope) (Korean), 곁에 (gyeote) (Korean), apud (Latin), aput (Latin), prie (Lithuanian), pla (Lower Sorbian), pśi (Lower Sorbian), до (do) (Macedonian), кај (kaj) (Macedonian), di sebelah (Malay), wangoni mwa (Maore Comorian), i te taha o (Maori), i (Maori), li (Northern Kurdish), li rex (Northern Kurdish), li nêzî (Northern Kurdish), li kêleka (Northern Kurdish), li tenişta (Northern Kurdish), ved (Norwegian), be (Old English), przy (Polish), obok (Polish), perto (Portuguese), próximo [masculine] (Portuguese), lângă (Romanian), о́коло (ókolo) (Russian), ря́дом с (rjádom s) (Russian), у (u) (Russian), pri (Slovak), pri (Slovene), por (Spanish), cerca de (Spanish), vid (Swedish), intill (english: close to) (Swedish), เคียง (kiang) (Thai), ติดกับ (dtìt gàp) (Thai), ข้าง (kâang) (Thai), bên cạnh (Vietnamese), gần (Vietnamese), cạnh (Vietnamese), kề (Vietnamese), bên (Vietnamese), wrth (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-GUvDPpPu Categories (other): English prepositions Disambiguation of English prepositions: 6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3 Disambiguation of 'near, or next to': 67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2
  2. From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-7JnkmwHe
  3. Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval). Translations (not later than): عِنْدَ (ʕinda) (Arabic), فِي (fī) (Arabic), حوالي (ḥawālī) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), до (do) (Bulgarian), per a (Catalan), ……之前 (...zi¹ cin⁴) (Chinese Cantonese), ……之前 (...zhīqián) (Chinese Mandarin), do (Czech), inden (Danish), tegen (Dutch), antaŭ (Esperanto), mennessä (Finnish), avant (French), bis (German), עד (Hebrew), तक (tak) (Hindi), -ra [sublative] (Hungarian), -re [sublative] (Hungarian), -ig [terminative] (Hungarian), fyrir (Icelandic), entro (Italian), …までに (…madeni) (Japanese), angga (Kapampangan), anggang (Kapampangan), angga king... (Kapampangan), ...까지 (...kkaji) (Korean), до (do) (Macedonian), menjelang (Malay), bi (Maltese), ta (Northern Kurdish), heta (Northern Kurdish), innen (Norwegian), be (Old English), تا (tâ) (Persian), do (Polish), até (Portuguese), înainte de (Romanian), к (k) (Russian), до (do) (Russian), do (Slovak), do (Slovene), para (Spanish), innan (Swedish), до (do) (Ukrainian), تک (tak) (Urdu)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-nZhYq0VK Categories (other): English prepositions, Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of English prepositions: 6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3 Disambiguation of Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes: 12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1 Disambiguation of 'not later than': 7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2
  4. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
    Following a passive verb.     Translations (indicates the agent of a passive verb): ῠ̔πό (hupó) [agent, animate, with-genitive] (Ancient Greek), مِن قِبَل (min qibal) (Arabic), بِوَاسِطَّة (bi-wāsiṭa) (Arabic), بـ (be-) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), من (min) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), tərəfindən (Azerbaijani), от (ot) (Bulgarian), per (Catalan), 被 (bèi) (Chinese Mandarin), 由 (yóu) (Chinese Mandarin), 讓 (Chinese Mandarin), 让 (ràng) (Chinese Mandarin), 給 (Chinese Mandarin), 给 (gěi) (Chinese Mandarin), 叫 (jiào) (Chinese Mandarin), af (Danish), door (Dutch), i-n (jn) (Egyptian), de (Esperanto), par (French), por (Galician), von (German), durch (German), 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh) [with-accusative] (Gothic), על ידי ('al yadei) (Hebrew), באמצעות (be'emtza'ut) (Hebrew), ...से (english: ...se) (Hindi), által (Hungarian), oleh (Indonesian), da (Italian), …に (…ni) (Japanese), …により (…niyori) (Japanese), …によって (…niyotte) (Japanese), uling king... (Kapampangan), uli naning... (Kapampangan), pauli ning... (Kapampangan), agpang (Kapampangan), ngayu (Kapampangan), ngara (Kapampangan), ngana (Kapampangan), bilang (Kapampangan), …에 (…e) (Korean), ...로 (...ro) (Korean), ...로써 (...rosseo) (Korean), ...로서 (...roseo) (Korean), ...에 의해 (...e uihae) (Korean), ab (Latin), a (Latin), од (od) (Macedonian), oleh (Malay), ni (Ngazidja Comorian), ji alî (Northern Kurdish), ji aliyê ... ve (Northern Kurdish), av (Norwegian), fram (Old English), przez (Polish), por (Portuguese), de (Romanian), de către (Romanian), od (Slovene), por (Spanish), na (Swahili), av (Swedish), โดย (doy) (Thai), tarafından (Turkish), tamanından (Turkish), tarapyndan (Turkmen), ...سے (english: ...se) (Urdu), tomonidan (Uzbek), bởi (Vietnamese), gan (Welsh), troch (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-en:cause Disambiguation of 'indicates the agent of a passive verb': 2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1
  5. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
    Following a noun.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-en:cause1
  6. Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
    (not in common modern use) Following an adjective.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-en:cause1
  7. Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of. Translations (indicates creator of a work): بِوَاسِطَّة (bi-wāsiṭa) (Arabic), لِـ (li-) (Arabic), ܒܝܲܕ (byād) (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), от (ot) (Bulgarian), per (Catalan), od (Czech), af (Danish), door (Dutch), vanwege (Dutch), de (Esperanto), far (Esperanto), de (French), par (French), von (German), מאת (me'et) (Hebrew), -tól [ablative] (Hungarian), -től [ablative] (Hungarian), eftir (Icelandic), da (Ido), a (Interlingua), ab (Interlingua), da (Italian), di (Italian), 作… (Japanese), …作 (Japanese), nang... (Kapampangan), ning... (Kapampangan), ...a (Kapampangan), gaua nang... (Kapampangan), gaua dareng... (Kapampangan), ...의 (...ui) (Korean), ab (Latin), a (Latin), од (od) (Macedonian), oleh (Malay), bi (Maltese), nā (Maori), bi destê (Northern Kurdish), ji alî (Northern Kurdish), av (Norwegian), ved (Norwegian), of (Old English), przez (Polish), por (Portuguese), de (Portuguese), de (Romanian), le (Scottish Gaelic), od (Slovak), od [rare] (Slovene), por (Spanish), av (Swedish), โดย (doy) (Thai), tarafindan (Turkish), của (Vietnamese), gan (Welsh), troch (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-sA1iO7TU Disambiguation of 'indicates creator of a work': 2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1
  8. Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-B79fmNdx
  9. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-en:authority
  10. Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
    Invokes an authority in an oath.     Translations ((indicates an oath) with the authority of): -ra (Hungarian), -re (Hungarian), þurh (Old English), pe (Romanian)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-en:authority1 Disambiguation of '(indicates an oath) with the authority of': 2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1
  11. Indicates a means of classification or organisation. Translations (indicating means of classification or organisation): podle (Czech), efter (Danish), laŭ (Esperanto), mukaisesti (Finnish), mukaan (Finnish), nach (German), לפי (lefy) (Hebrew), szerint (english: according to) (Hungarian), per (Italian), dal (Italian), …に従って (Japanese), agpang king (Kapampangan), agpang naning (Kapampangan), agpang kang (Kapampangan), ...에 따라 (...e ttara) (Korean), ...로 (...ro) (Korean), cata (Latin), mengikut (Malay), li gor (Northern Kurdish), li dû (Northern Kurdish), etter (Norwegian), według (Polish), por (Portuguese), după (Romanian), по (po) (Russian), bi (Scots), podľa (Slovak), po (Slovene), por (Spanish), efter (Swedish), по (po) (Ukrainian), theo (Vietnamese), theo như (Vietnamese), tuân theo (Vietnamese), לויט (loyt) (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-adnQN9Ps Disambiguation of 'indicating means of classification or organisation': 3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1
  12. Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy Translations (indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy): o (Czech), med (Danish), met (Dutch), -lla (Finnish), um (German), ב־ (be-) [prefix] (Hebrew), -val (Hungarian), -vel (Hungarian), del (Italian), di (Italian), …に (ni) (Japanese), king (Kapampangan), ketang (Kapampangan), wó (Lower Sorbian), bi (Northern Kurdish), med (Norwegian), o (Polish), em (Portuguese), cu (Romanian), на (na) (Russian), o (Slovak), za (Slovene), med (Swedish), на (na) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-nkubjVnz Disambiguation of 'indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy': 3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1
  13. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another. Translations (indicates steady progression): առ (aṙ) (Armenian), za (Czech), po (Czech), efter (Danish), per (Dutch), par (French), um (German), -nként (Hungarian), per (Italian), di (Italian), king (Kapampangan), keng (Kapampangan), balang (Kapampangan), demi (Malay), per (Malay), bi (Northern Kurdish), etter (Norwegian), for (Norwegian), po (Polish), za (Polish), por (Portuguese), cu (Romanian), за (za) (Russian), po (Slovak), za (Slovak), por (Spanish), efter (Swedish), за (za) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-AJ5-LVnu Disambiguation of 'indicates steady progression': 3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1
  14. (with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-2B57Ud-N
  15. per; with or in proportion to each.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-qAbDM0Pf
  16. Indicates a referenced source: According to.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-zFugKWWt
  17. Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something. Translations (used to separate dimensions): bij (Dutch), par (French), auf (German), mal (German), -szor (Hungarian), -szer (Hungarian), -ször (Hungarian), bang (Kapampangan), bakanitang... (Kapampangan), na (Polish), pe (Romanian), por (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-5PGMnFZy Disambiguation of 'used to separate dimensions': 3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1
  18. (horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
    Sense id: en-by-en-prep-JFxXce17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye (english: archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection) Translations (indicates a means): بِـ (bi-) (Arabic), vasitəsilə (Azerbaijani), 用… (yòng) (Chinese Mandarin), 由… (yóu) (Chinese Mandarin), pomocí (Czech), prostřednictvím (Czech), ved (Danish), ved at (Danish), door (Dutch), op (Dutch), per (Dutch), per (Esperanto), par (French), en (note: + present participle) (French), au moyen de (French), mit (German), mittels (German), durch (German), indem (German), διά (diá) (Greek), από (apó) (Greek), על ידי (al yedey) (Hebrew), -val (Hungarian), -vel (Hungarian), által (Hungarian), útján (Hungarian), révén (Hungarian), per (Ido), kena (Indonesian), con (Italian), …で (Japanese), …により (Japanese), …によって (…niyotte) (Japanese), gamit ing (Kapampangan), gamit naning... (Kapampangan), gamit ning... (Kapampangan), ibat king... (Kapampangan), ...ken (Kapampangan), bilang (Kapampangan), ...로써 (...rosseo) (Korean), ...로 (...ro) (Korean), per (Latin), ab (Latin), pa (Latvian), dengan (Malay), bi (Maltese), nā (Maori), ki (english: shows an instrument or tool) (Maori), ha [with-infinitive] (Ngazidja Comorian), bi (Northern Kurdish), med (Norwegian), þurh (Old English), por (Portuguese), a (Portuguese), cu (Romanian), s (Slovene), z (Slovene), por (Spanish), genom att [with-infinitive] (Swedish), โดย (doy) (Thai), vasıtasıyla (Turkish), за допомогою (za dopomohoju) (Ukrainian), bằng cách (Vietnamese), theo cách (Vietnamese), â (Welsh) Translations (with the authority of): νή (nḗ) (alt: + acc.) (Ancient Greek), بِـ (bi-) (Arabic), ba (Bavarian), de (Esperanto), kautta (Finnish), par (French), bei (German), μα (ma) (Greek), szerint (Hungarian), alapján (Hungarian), per (Italian), 著… (Japanese), …著 (Japanese), papunta king... (Kapampangan), gamit ing (Kapampangan), mig- (Kapampangan), meg- (Kapampangan), nā (Maori), ved (Norwegian), na (Polish), por (Portuguese), от и́мени (ot ímeni) (Russian), во и́мя (vo ímja) (Russian), vid (Swedish), trước (Vietnamese)
Derived forms: bit by bit, by and by, by day, by degrees, by dint of, by means of, by night, by oneself, by one's lonesome, by right, by rights, by the book, by the bye, by the way, by way of, by your leave, do good by, do right by, hard by, off-by-one, secure by design, side by side, by the by Disambiguation of 'indicates a means': 2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1 Disambiguation of 'with the authority of': 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Particle [Japanese]

IPA: [ba̠i] Forms: by [canonical] (ruby: by(バイ)), bai [romanization]
Etymology: Borrowed from English by. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ja|en|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} English by, {{bor+|ja|en|by}} Borrowed from English by Head templates: {{ja-pos|particle|バイ}} by(バイ) • (bai)
  1. (informal) Used to sign off a message/attribute a text. Tags: informal
    Sense id: en-by-ja-particle-6QuqXqwZ Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese particles, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys

Verb [Lower Sorbian]

IPA: [bɨ]
Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti) Etymology templates: {{m|sla-pro|*byti}} *byti, {{der|dsb|sla-pro|*by|pos=third-person singular aorist of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*byti</i>}} Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti) Head templates: {{head|dsb|verb|defective||invariable|cat2=defective verbs}} by (defective, invariable)
  1. would (used with the past active participle to form a conditional) Tags: defective, invariable Derived forms: aby (english: that...would), gaby (english: if...would), gdyby (english: if...would), njeby (english: would not)
    Sense id: en-by-dsb-verb-~P~VQwLS Categories (other): Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header

Particle [Manx]

Head templates: {{head|gv|particle}} by
  1. past/conditional of s' Tags: triggers-lenition
    Sense id: en-by-gv-particle-P-T6u2Yo Categories (other): Manx entries with incorrect language header, Manx particles Disambiguation of Manx entries with incorrect language header: 47 53 Disambiguation of Manx particles: 52 48
  2. (dated) Past and conditional form of s' (used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives) Tags: conditional, dated, form-of, past, triggers-lenition Form of: s' (extra: used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives)
    Sense id: en-by-gv-particle-8fTtACtG Categories (other): Manx entries with incorrect language header, Manx particles Disambiguation of Manx entries with incorrect language header: 47 53 Disambiguation of Manx particles: 52 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: b', b-

Preposition [Middle English]

IPA: /biː/, /bi/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|bī|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English bī, {{inh+|enm|ang|bī}} Inherited from Old English bī, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*bi}} Proto-Germanic *bi, {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*h₁epi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi Head templates: {{head|enm|preposition}} by
  1. by Synonyms: be, bi Related terms: bi-, by-
    Sense id: en-by-enm-prep-p-LSbo0V Categories (other): Middle English prepositions
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Middle English]

Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} by
  1. Alternative form of been (“to be”) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: been (extra: to be)
    Sense id: en-by-enm-verb-nUi1Qnmz Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Norwegian Bokmål]

IPA: /byː/, [byː] Forms: byen [definite, singular], byer [indefinite, plural], byene [definite, plural]
Etymology: From Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”). Etymology templates: {{der|nb|non|býr||place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement}} Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”)
  1. town, city (regardless of population size or land area) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-by-nb-noun-GEbi0jnL Derived forms: bydel, byfornyelse, byfornying, bygdeby, bykart, bymessig, byplanlegging, bysentrum, bystat, bystatus, bystrøk, drabantby, ferieby, festningsby, gamleby, garnisonsby, gruveby, havneby, hjemby, industriby, innlandsby, kystby, landsby, Mexico by, naboby, oldtidsby, provinsby, spøkelsesby, stasjonsby, storby, vennskapsby, vertsby
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Norwegian Bokmål]

IPA: /byː/, [byː] Forms: by [imperative], byr [present], bød [past], bøy [past], bydde [past], budt [participle, past], bydd [participle, past]
Etymology: From byde, from Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”). Etymology templates: {{root|nb|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-}}, {{m|nb|byde}} byde, {{der|nb|non|bjóða}} Old Norse bjóða, {{der|nb|gem-pro|*beudaną||to offer}} Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), {{der|nb|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-||to wake, rise up}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”) Head templates: {{head|nb|verb|imperative|by|present tense|byr|simple past|bød|or|bøy|or|bydde|past participle|budt|or|bydd}} by (imperative by, present tense byr, simple past bød or bøy or bydde, past participle budt or bydd)
  1. to bid; offer
    Sense id: en-by-nb-verb-2aTARpD8
  2. to ask; invite
    Sense id: en-by-nb-verb-cPZHIVv4
  3. to command; order
    Sense id: en-by-nb-verb-1BCMmLQH
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: byde
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Norwegian Nynorsk]

IPA: /byː/ Forms: byen [definite, singular], byar [indefinite, plural], byane [definite, plural]
Etymology: From Old Norse býr m, from Proto-Germanic *būwiz. Doublet of bø. Etymology templates: {{root|nn|ine-pro|*bʰuH-}}, {{inh|nn|non|býr|g=m}} Old Norse býr m, {{inh|nn|gem-pro|*būwiz}} Proto-Germanic *būwiz, {{doublet|nn|bø}} Doublet of bø
  1. town, city (regardless of population size or land area) Tags: masculine Related terms: bu
    Sense id: en-by-nn-noun-GEbi0jnL Derived forms: austlandsby, badeby, brakkeby, byantikvar, bybarn, bybefolkning, bybilde, bybilete, bybod, bybuar, bydame, bydel, byfant, byfjord, byfolk, byfornying, byfut, bygard, bygartnar, bygate, bygdeby, bygut, byhistorie, byingeniør, byjente, bykart, bykjerne, bykommune, bykultur, bykvinne, byliv, bymann, bymark, bymenneske, bymessig, bymiljø, bymur, bymus, bymusé, bymuseum, bymål, bynamn, bynær, byoriginal, bypark, byplan, byplanlegging, byport, byrett, byråd, bysamfunn, bysbarn, bysenter, bysentrum, bystat, bystatus, bystrøk, bystyre, bysykkel, byting, bytrafikk, byvandring, byvis, byvåpen, drabantby, ferieby, festningsby, fødeby, gamleby, garnisonsby, granneby, grenseby, gruveby, hageby, hamneby, hansaby, heimby, hytteby, industriby, innlandsby, kystby, landsby, Mexico by, millionby, mjøsby, naboby, oldtidsby, open by, provinsby, reinby, residensby, ruinby, sjøfartsby, småby, soveby, spøkelsesby, spøkjelsesby, stasjonsby, storby, studentby, vennskapsby, venskapsby, verdsby, vertsby, vestlandsby, villa by
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Norwegian Nynorsk]

IPA: /byː/
Etymology: From Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”). Akin to English bid. Etymology templates: {{root|nn|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-}}, {{inh|nn|non|bjóða}} Old Norse bjóða, {{inh|nn|gem-pro|*beudaną||to offer}} Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), {{der|nn|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-||to wake, rise up}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”), {{cog|en|bid}} English bid Head templates: {{head|nn|verb|present tense|byr|past tense|baud|or|bydde|supine|bode|or|bydd|or|bydt|past participle|boden|or|bydd|present participle|bydande|imperative|by|cat2=strong verbs|cat3=class 2 strong verbs|cat4=strong verbs}} by (present tense byr, past tense baud or bydde, supine bode or bydd or bydt, past participle boden or bydd, present participle bydande, imperative by) Forms: byr [present], baud [past], bydde [past], bode [supine], bydd [supine], bydt [supine], boden [participle, past], bydd [participle, past], bydande [participle, present], by [imperative]
  1. to command, order
    Sense id: en-by-nn-verb-2uYiLr0P
  2. to bid, offer
    Sense id: en-by-nn-verb-GqlZKGWH
  3. to offer
    Sense id: en-by-nn-verb-BY1742f-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bjoda, bjode, byda, byde Related terms: bod [neuter]
Etymology number: 2 Derived forms: by av, by fram, by imot, by inn, by over, by på, by på seg sjølv, by til, by under, by ut, bydande, bydeform, bydesetning, falby, forby, innby, misby, motbydeleg, påby, skamby, takk som byr, tilby

Conjunction [Old Czech]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-ocs|sla-pro|*by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *by, {{inh+|zlw-ocs|sla-pro|*by}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by Head templates: {{head|zlw-ocs|conjunction}} by
  1. second/third-person singular aorist of býti Tags: aorist, form-of, second-person, singular, third-person Form of: býti Synonyms: bě
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-1O1Md-I8
  2. Introduces a clause two which the speaker has reservations or uncertainty.
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-fI0GzG5T
  3. Especially with a negated verb; expresses concern.
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-VACyWTvk
  4. Introduces a clause of intention; in order to; would that
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-8caYTFkc Categories (other): Old Czech entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Czech entries with incorrect language header: 5 11 10 33 10 9 22
  5. Especially after a negated verb; expresses that the viewer sees something as unrealistic.
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-Np3oDQnh
  6. Forms a conditional; would
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-84o0vZrN
  7. Admissive; albeit, although
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-v4wi66d2

Conjunction [Old Polish]

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *by, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by, {{etydate/the|14th century}} the 14th century, {{etydate|14th century}} First attested in the 14th century. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|conjunction}} by
  1. introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-zDCnOgJj
  2. introduces a command; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-toQbwpnJ
  3. introduces a clarifying clause; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj--dNc2wkb
  4. introduces clauses of emotions; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-heHfrn8C
  5. introduces a subjective clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-yeTiLYsX
  6. introduces an attributive clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-e-RX4OgL
  7. introduces a clausal clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-Bvscnr-q
  8. introduces an unreal conditional clause; if
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-ErqcHdoa
  9. admissive; albeit, although
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-c6P43Pon
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Particle [Old Polish]

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *by, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by, {{etydate/the|14th century}} the 14th century, {{etydate|14th century}} First attested in the 14th century. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|particle}} by
  1. expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-particle-8Glyx1E3 Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish particles Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 10 4 4 5 14 14 14 5 6 20 2 2 Disambiguation of Old Polish particles: 11 4 4 5 15 15 15 4 5 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Old Polish]

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|verb form}} by
  1. third-person singular aorist of być Tags: aorist, form-of, singular, third-person Form of: być
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-verb-QM~57jNX
  2. second-person singular aorist of być Tags: aorist, form-of, second-person, singular Form of: być
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-verb-u3x81CDh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Conjunction [Polish]

IPA: /bɨ/, /ˈbɨ/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bym [combined-form, object-first-person, object-singular], byśmy [combined-form, object-first-person, object-plural], byś [combined-form, object-second-person, object-singular], byście [combined-form, object-plural, object-second-person], by [combined-form, object-singular, object-third-person], by [combined-form, object-plural, object-third-person]
Rhymes: -ɨ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish by. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish by, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|by}} Inherited from Old Polish by Head templates: {{head|pl|conjunction}} by Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-combined-forms}}
  1. creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [+past tense] Synonyms: aby, ażeby, żeby
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-4ahfuPi3
  2. creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [+past tense]
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-PmVyttAg
  3. creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive] Synonyms: aby, ażeby, żeby
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-IexiAnnw
  4. creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive] Synonyms: aby, ażeby, żeby
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-h2kfL0x~
  5. introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [+infinitive] Synonyms: aby, ażeby
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-KzR45zrd
  6. introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if Synonyms: ażeby, żeby
    Sense id: en-by-pl-conj-qDHHdjzq

Particle [Polish]

IPA: /bɨ/, /ˈbɨ/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɨ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish by. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish by, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|by}} Inherited from Old Polish by Head templates: {{head|pl|particle}} by
  1. forms the conditional mood; would, would've
    Sense id: en-by-pl-particle-rXibWqNw Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 13 16 12 12 12 15 21 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 13 15 12 13 12 14 20

Verb [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|sla-pro|verb form|head=*by}} *by
  1. second-person singular perfective aorist of *byti Tags: aorist, form-of, perfective, reconstruction, second-person, singular Form of: byti
    Sense id: en-by-sla-pro-verb-rrSeqJwA Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
  2. third-person singular perfective aorist of *byti Tags: aorist, form-of, perfective, reconstruction, singular, third-person Form of: byti
    Sense id: en-by-sla-pro-verb-7QC-37je Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50

Adverb [Scots]

IPA: [ˈbɪ], [ˈbə], [ˈbɑɪ̯] [emphatic]
Etymology: From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee. Etymology templates: {{inh|sco|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{inh|sco|ang|bi}} Old English bi, {{inh|sco|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{cog|en|by}} English by, {{cog|yol|bee}} Yola bee Head templates: {{head|sco|adverb}} by
  1. by, nearby
    Sense id: en-by-sco-adv-fHYHPdPS Categories (other): Scots entries with incorrect language header, Scots prepositions Disambiguation of Scots entries with incorrect language header: 100 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Scots prepositions: 47 25 0 29
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye, bi', be, b'

Conjunction [Scots]

IPA: [ˈbɪ], [ˈbə], [ˈbɑɪ̯] [emphatic]
Etymology: From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee. Etymology templates: {{inh|sco|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{inh|sco|ang|bi}} Old English bi, {{inh|sco|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{cog|en|by}} English by, {{cog|yol|bee}} Yola bee Head templates: {{head|sco|conjunction}} by
  1. by (the time that)
    Sense id: en-by-sco-conj-yOXzALeT
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye, bi', be, b'

Preposition [Scots]

IPA: [ˈbɪ], [ˈbə], [ˈbɑɪ̯] [emphatic]
Etymology: From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee. Etymology templates: {{inh|sco|enm|by}} Middle English by, {{inh|sco|ang|bi}} Old English bi, {{inh|sco|gmw-pro|*bī}} Proto-West Germanic *bī, {{cog|en|by}} English by, {{cog|yol|bee}} Yola bee Head templates: {{head|sco|preposition}} by
  1. by
    Sense id: en-by-sco-prep-p-LSbo0V
  2. (in comparisons) than
    Sense id: en-by-sco-prep-c4NxHBsF
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bye, bi', be, b'

Conjunction [Silesian]

IPA: /ˈbɨ/ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bych [combined-form, object-first-person, object-singular], bychmy [combined-form, object-first-person, object-plural], byś [combined-form, object-second-person, object-singular], byście [combined-form, object-plural, object-second-person], by [combined-form, object-singular, object-third-person], by [combined-form, object-plural, object-third-person]
Rhymes: -ɨ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish by. Etymology templates: {{dercat|szl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|szl|zlw-opl|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish by, {{inh+|szl|zlw-opl|by}} Inherited from Old Polish by Head templates: {{head|szl|conjunction}} by Inflection templates: {{szl-decl-combined-forms}}
  1. in order to, so that Synonyms: aby, ażby, coby, iżeby, żeby Related terms: -by
    Sense id: en-by-szl-conj-qMnQZKqc

Particle [Silesian]

IPA: /ˈbɨ/
Rhymes: -ɨ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish by. Etymology templates: {{dercat|szl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|szl|zlw-opl|by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish by, {{inh+|szl|zlw-opl|by}} Inherited from Old Polish by Head templates: {{head|szl|particle}} by
  1. forms the conditional mood; would, would've
    Sense id: en-by-szl-particle-rXibWqNw Categories (other): Silesian entries with incorrect language header, Silesian particles Disambiguation of Silesian entries with incorrect language header: 40 60 Disambiguation of Silesian particles: 38 62

Noun [Swedish]

Audio: Sv-by.ogg
Etymology: From Old Swedish bȳr, bȳ (“village, farm, town”), from Old Norse býr. Cognate with Danish by (“town, city”, whence also Faroese býur with the same meaning), Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”) and Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sv|gmq-osw|bȳr}} Old Swedish bȳr, {{m|gmq-osw|bȳ||village, farm, town}} bȳ (“village, farm, town”), {{inh|sv|non|býr}} Old Norse býr, {{cog|da|by}} Danish by, {{cog|fo|býur}} Faroese býur, {{cog|nb|by||town, city}} Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”), {{cog|nn|by||town, city}} Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”) Head templates: {{head|sv|nouns||g=c|g2=|head=|sort=}} by c, {{sv-noun|c}} by c Inflection templates: {{sv-decl-noun|by|byn|byar|byarna|bys|byns|byars|byarnas|base=by|definitions=|gender=Common}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], by [indefinite, nominative, singular], byn [definite, nominative, singular], byar [indefinite, nominative, plural], byarna [definite, nominative, plural], bys [genitive, indefinite, singular], byns [definite, genitive, singular], byars [genitive, indefinite, plural], byarnas [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. hamlet Tags: common-gender
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-RANpx4w1
  2. village Tags: common-gender
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-Bc--KDOB
  3. (obsolete) farm Tags: common-gender, obsolete
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-yM9wHzCt
  4. (obsolete) town, city Tags: common-gender, obsolete
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-ZCEWfNGR
  5. (slang, in the definite "byn") Rinkeby Tags: common-gender, slang
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-wiXHk5x0 Categories (other): Swedish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Swedish entries with incorrect language header: 10 5 2 2 77 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: byalag, byallmänning, byamål, bybo, bydåre, byfåne, bygata, byhåla, byoriginal, bypolitik, bypolitiker, byracka, bysamfällighet, byskola, byskvaller, byslagsmål, bysnille, bystämma, bytänkande, byväg, hemby, kyrkby

Noun [Swedish]

Audio: Sv-by.ogg
Etymology: From Dutch bui or Low German bö, böe, böje. Cognate with Danish byge, Norwegian Bokmål byge, bøye and Norwegian Nynorsk bye, bøye. Etymology templates: {{der|sv|nl|bui}} Dutch bui, {{der|sv|nds|bö}} Low German bö, {{m|nds|böe}} böe, {{m|nds|böje}} böje, {{cog|da|byge}} Danish byge, {{cog|nb|byge}} Norwegian Bokmål byge, {{m|nb|bøye}} bøye, {{cog|nn|bye}} Norwegian Nynorsk bye, {{m|nn|bøye}} bøye Head templates: {{head|sv|nouns||g=c|g2=|head=|sort=}} by c, {{sv-noun|c}} by c Inflection templates: {{sv-decl-noun|by|byn|byar|byarna|bys|byns|byars|byarnas|base=by|definitions=|gender=Common}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], by [indefinite, nominative, singular], byn [definite, nominative, singular], byar [indefinite, nominative, plural], byarna [definite, nominative, plural], bys [genitive, indefinite, singular], byns [definite, genitive, singular], byars [genitive, indefinite, plural], byarnas [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. gust, rush of wind Tags: common-gender Derived forms: byig, bymoln, hagelby, kastby, orkanby, regnby, snöby, stormby, vindby, åskby
    Sense id: en-by-sv-noun-eScwAMMy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Upper Sorbian]

IPA: /ˈbɨ/
Rhymes: -ɨ Head templates: {{head|hsb|verb form}} by
  1. second/third-person singular conditional of być Tags: conditional, form-of, second-person, singular, third-person Form of: być
    Sense id: en-by-hsb-verb-p5JEbNM5 Categories (other): Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header

Preposition [West Frisian]

IPA: /bɛi̯/ [Clay], /bi/ [Wood]
Head templates: {{head|fy|preposition}} by
  1. near to
    Sense id: en-by-fy-prep-n23V6lnT Categories (other): West Frisian entries with incorrect language header, West Frisian prepositions Disambiguation of West Frisian entries with incorrect language header: 72 28 Disambiguation of West Frisian prepositions: 59 41
  2. in relation to
    Sense id: en-by-fy-prep-4MeH~kef

Preposition [Yola]

Head templates: {{head|yol|preposition}} by
  1. Alternative form of bee (“by”) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: bee (extra: by)
    Sense id: en-by-yol-prep-EMivSmCM Categories (other): Yola entries with incorrect language header, Yola prepositions

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for by meaning in All languages combined (163.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bit by bit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by and by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by day"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by degrees"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by dint of"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by means of"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by night"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by oneself"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by one's lonesome"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by right"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by rights"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by the book"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by the bye"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by the way"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by way of"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by your leave"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do good by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do right by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hard by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "off-by-one"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "secure by design"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "side by side"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by the by"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmn",
            "2": "by",
            "3": "BY",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "Hani",
            "sc2": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Near or next to."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-GUvDPpPu",
      "links": [
        [
          "Near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "next",
          "next"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bi-jānib",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "بِجَانِب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ganb",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "جنب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "janb",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "tags": [
            "Hijazi-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "جنب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mot",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "մոտ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "koġkʿin",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "կողքին"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "yanında",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "янында"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "bar",
          "lang": "Bavarian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ba"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kraj",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "край"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "al costat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "proïsme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zāi … pang",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "在……旁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "u"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ved"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "bij"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "apud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "vieressä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "à côté de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "au bord de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "près de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "cabo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "so"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "bei"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "neben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "kokoke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "hiʻialo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "עד"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jānib",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "जानिब"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "-nál/-nél (allative case)",
          "sense": "near, or next to"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "við"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "apud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "di sebelah ..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "vicino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "accanto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ravvicinato"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "alt": "のそばに",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "no sobani",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "…の側に"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "alt": "のそばで",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "no sobade",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "…の側で"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "...king lele naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "...king siping naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "kalele naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "kasiping naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pangalele naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pangasiping naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "yeope",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "옆에"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gyeote",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "곁에"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "li"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "li rex"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "li nêzî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "li kêleka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "li tenişta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "apud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "aput"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "prie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kaj",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "кај"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "di sebelah"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "swb",
          "lang": "Maore Comorian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "wangoni mwa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "i te taha o"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ved"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "be"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "przy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "obok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "perto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "próximo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "lângă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ókolo",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "о́коло"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rjádom s",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ря́дом с"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "u",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "у"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "pśi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "cerca de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "vid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "english": "close to",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "intill"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kiang",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "เคียง"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "dtìt gàp",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ติดกับ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kâang",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "ข้าง"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "bên cạnh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "gần"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "cạnh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "kề"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "bên"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "near, or next to",
          "word": "wrth"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The stream runs by our back door.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "He ran straight by me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-7JnkmwHe",
      "links": [
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Be back by ten o'clock!.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We'll find someone by the end of March.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We will send it by the first week of July.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval)."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-nZhYq0VK",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʕinda",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "عِنْدَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "fī",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "فِي"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥawālī",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "حوالي"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "per a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "...zi¹ cin⁴",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "……之前"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "...zhīqián",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "……之前"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "inden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "tegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "antaŭ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "mennessä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "avant"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "bis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "עד"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tak",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "तक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "tags": [
            "sublative"
          ],
          "word": "-ra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "tags": [
            "sublative"
          ],
          "word": "-re"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "tags": [
            "terminative"
          ],
          "word": "-ig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "fyrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "entro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "…madeni",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "…までに"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "angga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "anggang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "angga king..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...kkaji",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "...까지"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "ta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "heta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "menjelang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "innen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "be"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "tâ",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "تا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "até"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "înainte de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "k",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "para"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "innan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "do",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "tak",
          "sense": "not later than",
          "word": "تک"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "note": "vào (in conjunction with đã)",
          "sense": "not later than"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The matter was decided by the chairman.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The boat was swamped by the water.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "He was protected by his body armour.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
          "text": "Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following a passive verb."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause",
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "min qibal",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "مِن قِبَل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "be-",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "بـ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "min",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "من"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "tərəfindən"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "note": "тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ot",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "от"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "bèi",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "被"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yóu",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "由"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "讓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "ràng",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "让"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "給"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gěi",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "给"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiào",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "叫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "af"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "door"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "jn",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "i-n"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "par"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "von"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "durch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "þairh",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "tags": [
            "with-accusative"
          ],
          "word": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "hupó",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "tags": [
            "agent",
            "animate",
            "with-genitive"
          ],
          "word": "ῠ̔πό"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "note": "ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "'al yadei",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "על ידי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "be'emtza'ut",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "באמצעות"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "hi",
          "english": "...se",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...से"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "által"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "oleh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "da"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "…ni",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "…に"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "…niyori",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "…により"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "…niyotte",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "…によって"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "uling king..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "uli naning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "pauli ning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "agpang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ngayu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ngara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ngana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "bilang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "…e",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "…에"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...ro",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...로"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...rosseo",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...로써"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...roseo",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...로서"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...e uihae",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...에 의해"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ji alî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ji aliyê ... ve"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "od",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "од"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "oleh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "zdj",
          "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "ni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "av"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "fram"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "przez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "de către"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "od"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "na"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "av"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "doy",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "โดย"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "tarafından"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "tamanından"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "tarapyndan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "ur",
          "english": "...se",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "...سے"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "tomonidan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "bởi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "gan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
          "word": "troch"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following a noun."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause1",
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I was aghast by what I saw."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109",
          "text": "In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […]."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following an adjective."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause1",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "(not in common modern use) Following an adjective."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "not in common modern use"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-sA1iO7TU",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "li-",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "لِـ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "aii",
          "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
          "roman": "byād",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ܒܝܲܕ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ot",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "от"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "od"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "af"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "door"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "vanwege"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "far"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "genitive of the name of author",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "par"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "von"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "me'et",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "מאת"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "tags": [
            "ablative"
          ],
          "word": "-tól"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "tags": [
            "ablative"
          ],
          "word": "-től"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "eftir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "da"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "da"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "作…"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "…作"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "nang..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ning..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "...a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "gaua nang..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "gaua dareng..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...ui",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "...의"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "bi destê"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ji alî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ab"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "od",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "од"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "oleh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "nā"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "av"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "ved"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "of"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "przez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "de"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "le"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "od"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "tags": [
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "od"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "av"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "doy",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "โดย"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "tarafindan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "của"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "gan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
          "word": "troch"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We went by bus.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "I discovered it by chance.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By 'maybe' she means 'no'.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16",
          "text": "Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish",
          "text": "By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-B79fmNdx",
      "links": [
        [
          "means",
          "means#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates an authority according to which something is done."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-en:authority",
      "senseid": [
        "en:authority"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "By Jove! I think she's got it!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
          "text": "'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates an authority according to which something is done.",
        "Invokes an authority in an oath."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-en:authority1",
      "links": [
        [
          "oath",
          "oath#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:authority"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
          "word": "-ra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
          "word": "-re"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
          "word": "þurh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
          "word": "pe"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I sorted the items by category.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a means of classification or organisation."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-adnQN9Ps",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "podle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "efter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "laŭ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "mukaisesti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "mukaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "nach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "lefy",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "לפי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "english": "according to",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "szerint"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "dal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "…に従って"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "agpang king"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "agpang naning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "agpang kang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...e ttara",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "...에 따라"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "...ro",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "...로"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "li gor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "li dû"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "cata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "mengikut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "etter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "według"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "după"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "po",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "по"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "podľa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "efter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "po",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "по"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "theo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "theo như"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "tuân theo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "loyt",
          "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
          "word": "לויט"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Our stock is up by ten percent.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "His date of birth was wrong by ten years.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-nkubjVnz",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "met"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "-lla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "-llä (adessive case)",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "um"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "be-",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "tags": [
            "prefix"
          ],
          "word": "ב־"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "-val"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "-vel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "del"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ni",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "…に"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "king"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "ketang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "em"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "cu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "na",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "za"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "wó"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "na",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
          "word": "на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "note": "(not translated)",
          "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We went through the book page by page.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We crawled forward by inches.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-AJ5-LVnu",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "aṙ",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "առ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "za"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "efter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \"house by house\")",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "par"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "um"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "-nként"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "king"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "keng"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "balang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "demi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "per"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "etter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "for"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "za"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "cu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "za",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "за"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "za"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "efter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "za",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression",
          "word": "за"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "note": "từng (optionally: + unit + một)",
          "sense": "indicates steady progression"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross"
        },
        {
          "text": "He drinks brandy by the bucketful!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-2B57Ud-N",
      "links": [
        [
          "unit",
          "unit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with the"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "His health was deteriorating by the day.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The pickers are paid by the bushel.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per; with or in proportion to each."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-qAbDM0Pf",
      "links": [
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He cheated by his own admission.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81",
          "text": "Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a referenced source: According to."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-zFugKWWt"
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-5PGMnFZy",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "bij"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "par"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "auf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "mal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "-szor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "-szer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "-ször"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "bang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "bakanitang..."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "na"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "pe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "note": "-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)",
          "sense": "used to separate dimensions"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-prep-JFxXce17",
      "links": [
        [
          "sire",
          "sire#English"
        ],
        [
          "out of",
          "out of#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "horse breeding",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "بِـ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "vasitəsilə"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yòng",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "用…"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yóu",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "由…"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "pomocí"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "prostřednictvím"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ved at"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "door"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "op"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "adessive of the means",
      "sense": "indicates a means"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "note": "+ present participle",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "en"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "au moyen de"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "mit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "mittels"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "durch"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "indem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "diá",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "διά"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apó",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "από"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "al yedey",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "על ידי"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "-val"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "-vel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "által"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "útján"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "révén"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "kena"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "con"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…で"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…により"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…niyotte",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…によって"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit ing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit naning..."
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit ning..."
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ibat king..."
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...ken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bilang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...rosseo",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...로써"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...ro",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...로"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ab"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "pa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "dengan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "nā"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "shows an instrument or tool",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ki"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "tags": [
        "with-infinitive"
      ],
      "word": "ha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "med"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "þurh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "cu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "s"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "z"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "tags": [
        "with-infinitive"
      ],
      "word": "genom att"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "doy",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "โดย"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "vasıtasıyla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "za dopomohoju",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "за допомогою"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bằng cách"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "theo cách"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "â"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "بِـ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "bar",
      "lang": "Bavarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "ba"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "kautta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "bei"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ma",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "μα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "alt": "+ acc.",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "nḗ",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "νή"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "szerint"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "alapján"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "著…"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "…著"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "papunta king..."
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "gamit ing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "mig-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "meg-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "nā"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "na"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ot ímeni",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "от и́мени"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vo ímja",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "во и́мя"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "vid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "trước"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "by the by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bypass"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "drop by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "full and by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nearby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pass by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "passerby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "put by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "right by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stand by"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stop by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "by (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I watched as it passed by."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Along a path which runs past the speaker."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adv-KnwbgEyo",
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "forbi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "langs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "ohi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "längs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "alt": "みちにそって",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "michi ni sotte",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "道に沿って"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "tê re"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "di ber re"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "di sepanjang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "tags": [
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "por mim"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "por nós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "seachad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "okolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "por"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "längs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "längs med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "povz",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "повз"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "along a path",
          "word": "qua"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There was a shepherd close by."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the vicinity, near."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adv-Qk837xYU",
      "links": [
        [
          "vicinity",
          "vicinity"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I'll stop by on my way home from work."
        },
        {
          "text": "We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To or at a place, as a residence or place of business."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adv-SzIj2BDN",
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "aside, away"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adv-4JaLoBr2",
      "links": [
        [
          "aside",
          "aside"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) aside, away"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "main"
    },
    {
      "word": "principal"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "English terms prefixed with by-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "by (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 2 2 2 7 1 1 1 6 1 9 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 8 1 4 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 1 1 2 8 1 1 1 5 1 7 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 10 0 5 4 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 2 1 3 7 1 1 1 6 2 8 4 4 4 3 6 4 4 4 4 3 9 1 5 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a by path, a by room"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Out of the way, off to one side."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adj-tuCt-m1E",
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "by catch, a by issue"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Subsidiary, incidental."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-adj-8O~Jymsp",
      "links": [
        [
          "Subsidiary",
          "subsidiary"
        ],
        [
          "incidental",
          "incidental"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bys)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "bye"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of bye."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-noun-OXZ6R6hi",
      "links": [
        [
          "bye",
          "bye#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "goodbye",
          "word": "bye"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Dated form of bye (“goodbye”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-en-intj-za5DE79Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "bye",
          "bye#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "byna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "byrie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "daarby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hierby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bij"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch bī",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-af-prep-sda5G2fC",
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-af-prep-Zj6hv~~l",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 100",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "af",
          "name": "Insects",
          "orig": "af:Insects",
          "parents": [
            "Arthropods",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-af-prep-p-LSbo0V",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[bə̟i̯]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bij"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bie"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*bīa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *bīa",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bie, from Old Dutch *bīa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bye",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "bye",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f2request": "1",
        "f5accel-form": "diminutive",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bye)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e"
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bye)",
      "name": "af-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "heuningby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hommelby"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bee"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-af-noun-YsuBtZBK",
      "links": [
        [
          "bee",
          "bee"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[bə̟i̯]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Semantic shift from English by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms written in foreign scripts",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "by某現任立委本人所說 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "by某现任立委本人所说 [MSC, simp.]\nbāi mǒu xiànrèn lìwěi běnrén suǒ shuō [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "according to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zh-prep-KWGm0cjc",
      "links": [
        [
          "according to",
          "according to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan, informal) according to"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "BY"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bai"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bai"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "бай"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech by, from Proto-Slavic *by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bych"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bychom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bys"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "byste"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kdyby"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He would be getting up earlier, but then he would have to buy an alarm clock first.",
          "text": "Vstával by dřív, ale to by si napřed musel koupit budík.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "would",
          "word": "být"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular conditional subjunctive of být; would"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-cs-particle-MS4lAusx",
      "links": [
        [
          "být",
          "být#Czech"
        ],
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "form-of",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I would have gone there if they had invited me.",
          "text": "Byl by tam šel, kdyby mě byli pozvali.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We would have gone there if they had invited us.",
          "text": "My by tam šli, kdyby nás byli pozvali.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "; would"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-cs-particle-87bLPYj6",
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(clipping, informal); would"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "clipping",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Cs-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Cs-by.ogg/Cs-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Cs-by.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bǿr",
        "4": "býr, bœr",
        "tr": "settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "da-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byerne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byernes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "10": "byer",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{com}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "singular definite",
        "4": "byen",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "plural indefinite",
        "f1accel-form": "def|s",
        "f4accel-form": "indef|p",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer)",
      "name": "da-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "name": "da-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "c",
        "gen-pl-def": "byernes",
        "gen-pl-def-2": "",
        "gen-pl-def-3": "",
        "gen-pl-indef": "byers",
        "gen-pl-indef-2": "",
        "gen-sg-def": "byens",
        "gen-sg-def-2": "",
        "gen-sg-indef": "bys",
        "gen-sg-indef-2": "",
        "gen-sg-indef-3": "",
        "pl-def": "byerne",
        "pl-def-2": "",
        "pl-def-3": "",
        "pl-indef": "byer",
        "pl-indef-2": "",
        "pl-indef-3": "",
        "sg-def": "byen",
        "sg-def-2": "",
        "sg-indef": "by"
      },
      "name": "da-noun-infl-base"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-da-noun-ZCEWfNGR",
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "bydel"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "bymidte"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "bymæssig"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "byområde"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "byorkester"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "byplanlægning"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "byret"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "byråd"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "byvåben"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "byzone"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "landsby"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stad"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈb̥yˀ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from English by",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "by",
          "バイ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "particle",
        "2": "バイ"
      },
      "expansion": "by(バイ) • (bai)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2002, https://tcrf.net/Super_Monkey_Ball_2#Test_Level_Messages\nココにはバッファから生成したMAPのTEXTURE希望 by JAMAD",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2007, 『さよなら絶望先生』 第5話\n己を知らされば、戦う毎に必ず殆し。by 孫子",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2009, 『けいおん！』 第4話\nめざせ武道館！！ by 軽音部！",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to sign off a message/attribute a text."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-ja-particle-6QuqXqwZ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Used to sign off a message/attribute a text."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ba̠i]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*byti"
      },
      "expansion": "*byti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "pos": "third-person singular aorist of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*byti</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "defective",
        "4": "",
        "5": "invariable",
        "cat2": "defective verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "by (defective, invariable)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "that...would",
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "english": "if...would",
          "word": "gaby"
        },
        {
          "english": "if...would",
          "word": "gdyby"
        },
        {
          "english": "would not",
          "word": "njeby"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We don’t do that because it would hurt them.",
          "text": "Njecynimy to, dokulaž by jim škóźeło.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "would (used with the past active participle to form a conditional)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-dsb-verb-~P~VQwLS",
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "defective",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bɨ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Manx",
  "lang_code": "gv",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Manx particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I want to go as well.",
          "text": "By vie lhiam goll myrgeddin.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I'd like to ask you what you'd prefer to do today.",
          "text": "B'laik lhiam briaght jiu c'red bare lhiu jannoo jiu.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past/conditional of s'"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-gv-particle-P-T6u2Yo",
      "links": [
        [
          "s'",
          "s'#Manx"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Manx particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the man who was the strongest",
          "text": "yn dooinney by hroshey",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives",
          "word": "s'"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Past and conditional form of s' (used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-gv-particle-8fTtACtG",
      "links": [
        [
          "s'",
          "s'#Manx"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Past and conditional form of s' (used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "dated",
        "form-of",
        "past",
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "b'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "b-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "English: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "by",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: by, bye, bi', be, b'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: by, bye, bi', be, b'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "bee",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: bee, bie, be, by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: bee, bie, be, by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English bī",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41",
          "text": "And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-enm-prep-p-LSbo0V",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bi-"
        },
        {
          "word": "by-"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "be"
        },
        {
          "word": "bi"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/biː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bi/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to be",
          "word": "been"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of been (“to be”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-enm-verb-nUi1Qnmz",
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
          "been#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr",
        "4": "",
        "5": "place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byene",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "bydel"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfornyelse"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfornying"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygdeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykart"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymessig"
        },
        {
          "word": "byplanlegging"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysentrum"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystat"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystatus"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystrøk"
        },
        {
          "word": "drabantby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferieby"
        },
        {
          "word": "festningsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "gamleby"
        },
        {
          "word": "garnisonsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "gruveby"
        },
        {
          "word": "havneby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hjemby"
        },
        {
          "word": "industriby"
        },
        {
          "word": "innlandsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "kystby"
        },
        {
          "word": "landsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "Mexico by"
        },
        {
          "word": "naboby"
        },
        {
          "word": "oldtidsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "provinsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "spøkelsesby"
        },
        {
          "word": "stasjonsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "storby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vennskapsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vertsby"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city (regardless of population size or land area)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nb-noun-GEbi0jnL",
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town#English"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[byː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "no:by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "byde"
      },
      "expansion": "byde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bjóða"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bjóða",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beudaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to offer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wake, rise up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From byde, from Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byr",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bød",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bøy",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "budt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "10": "bøy",
        "11": "or",
        "12": "bydde",
        "13": "past participle",
        "14": "budt",
        "15": "or",
        "16": "bydd",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "imperative",
        "4": "by",
        "5": "present tense",
        "6": "byr",
        "7": "simple past",
        "8": "bød",
        "9": "or"
      },
      "expansion": "by (imperative by, present tense byr, simple past bød or bøy or bydde, past participle budt or bydd)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bid; offer"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nb-verb-2aTARpD8",
      "links": [
        [
          "bid",
          "bid#English"
        ],
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to ask; invite"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nb-verb-cPZHIVv4",
      "links": [
        [
          "ask",
          "ask#English"
        ],
        [
          "invite",
          "invite#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to command; order"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nb-verb-1BCMmLQH",
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command#English"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[byː]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "byde"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "no:by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr m",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*būwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bø"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of bø",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr m, from Proto-Germanic *būwiz. Doublet of bø.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byane",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "austlandsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "badeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "brakkeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "byantikvar"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybarn"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybefolkning"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybilde"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybilete"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybod"
        },
        {
          "word": "bybuar"
        },
        {
          "word": "bydame"
        },
        {
          "word": "bydel"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfant"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfjord"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfolk"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfornying"
        },
        {
          "word": "byfut"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygard"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygartnar"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygate"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygdeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "bygut"
        },
        {
          "word": "byhistorie"
        },
        {
          "word": "byingeniør"
        },
        {
          "word": "byjente"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykart"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykjerne"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykommune"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykultur"
        },
        {
          "word": "bykvinne"
        },
        {
          "word": "byliv"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymann"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymark"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymenneske"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymessig"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymiljø"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymur"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymus"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymusé"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymuseum"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymål"
        },
        {
          "word": "bynamn"
        },
        {
          "word": "bynær"
        },
        {
          "word": "byoriginal"
        },
        {
          "word": "bypark"
        },
        {
          "word": "byplan"
        },
        {
          "word": "byplanlegging"
        },
        {
          "word": "byport"
        },
        {
          "word": "byrett"
        },
        {
          "word": "byråd"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysamfunn"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysbarn"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysenter"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysentrum"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystat"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystatus"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystrøk"
        },
        {
          "word": "bystyre"
        },
        {
          "word": "bysykkel"
        },
        {
          "word": "byting"
        },
        {
          "word": "bytrafikk"
        },
        {
          "word": "byvandring"
        },
        {
          "word": "byvis"
        },
        {
          "word": "byvåpen"
        },
        {
          "word": "drabantby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferieby"
        },
        {
          "word": "festningsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "fødeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "gamleby"
        },
        {
          "word": "garnisonsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "granneby"
        },
        {
          "word": "grenseby"
        },
        {
          "word": "gruveby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hageby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hamneby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hansaby"
        },
        {
          "word": "heimby"
        },
        {
          "word": "hytteby"
        },
        {
          "word": "industriby"
        },
        {
          "word": "innlandsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "kystby"
        },
        {
          "word": "landsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "Mexico by"
        },
        {
          "word": "millionby"
        },
        {
          "word": "mjøsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "naboby"
        },
        {
          "word": "oldtidsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "open by"
        },
        {
          "word": "provinsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "reinby"
        },
        {
          "word": "residensby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruinby"
        },
        {
          "word": "sjøfartsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "småby"
        },
        {
          "word": "soveby"
        },
        {
          "word": "spøkelsesby"
        },
        {
          "word": "spøkjelsesby"
        },
        {
          "word": "stasjonsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "storby"
        },
        {
          "word": "studentby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vennskapsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "venskapsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "verdsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vertsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vestlandsby"
        },
        {
          "word": "villa by"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city (regardless of population size or land area)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nn-noun-GEbi0jnL",
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town#English"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bu"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by av"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by fram"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by imot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by inn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by over"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by på"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by på seg sjølv"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by til"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by under"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "by ut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bydande"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bydeform"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bydesetning"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "falby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "forby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "innby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "misby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "motbydeleg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "påby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "skamby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "takk som byr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tilby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bjóða"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bjóða",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beudaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to offer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wake, rise up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bid"
      },
      "expansion": "English bid",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”). Akin to English bid.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byr",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baud",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bode",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydt",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydande",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "10": "bode",
        "11": "or",
        "12": "bydd",
        "13": "or",
        "14": "bydt",
        "15": "past participle",
        "16": "boden",
        "17": "or",
        "18": "bydd",
        "19": "present participle",
        "2": "verb",
        "20": "bydande",
        "21": "imperative",
        "22": "by",
        "3": "present tense",
        "4": "byr",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "baud",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "bydde",
        "9": "supine",
        "cat2": "strong verbs",
        "cat3": "class 2 strong verbs",
        "cat4": "strong verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "by (present tense byr, past tense baud or bydde, supine bode or bydd or bydt, past participle boden or bydd, present participle bydande, imperative by)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bod"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I command you to stop.",
          "text": "Eg byd deg å stoppe.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to command, order"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nn-verb-2uYiLr0P",
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command#English"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I offer you a 100 NOK.",
          "text": "Eg byd deg 100 kroner.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bid, offer"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nn-verb-GqlZKGWH",
      "links": [
        [
          "bid",
          "bid#English"
        ],
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Granny offered us cookies.",
          "text": "Bestemor baud på småkaker.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to offer"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-nn-verb-BY1742f-",
      "links": [
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bjoda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bjode"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "byda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "byde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "býti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second/third-person singular aorist of býti"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-1O1Md-I8",
      "links": [
        [
          "býti",
          "býti#Old Czech"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bě"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a clause two which the speaker has reservations or uncertainty."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-fI0GzG5T"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Especially with a negated verb; expresses concern."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-VACyWTvk"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 11 10 33 10 9 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a clause of intention; in order to; would that"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-8caYTFkc",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "would that",
          "would that"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Especially after a negated verb; expresses that the viewer sees something as unrealistic."
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-Np3oDQnh"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms a conditional; would"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-84o0vZrN",
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-ocs-conj-v4wi66d2",
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-zDCnOgJj",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a command; to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-toQbwpnJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clarifying clause; to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj--dNc2wkb",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces clauses of emotions; to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-heHfrn8C",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subjective clause; in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-yeTiLYsX",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-e-RX4OgL",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clausal clause; in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-Bvscnr-q",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-ErqcHdoa",
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-c6P43Pon",
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "bi"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 4 4 5 14 14 14 5 6 20 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 4 4 5 15 15 15 4 5 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-particle-8Glyx1E3",
      "links": [
        [
          "optative",
          "optative#English"
        ],
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular aorist of być"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-verb-QM~57jNX",
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular aorist of być"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-verb-u3x81CDh",
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 16 12 12 12 15 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 12 13 12 14 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He would not go there.",
          "text": "On by tam nie poszedł./On nie poszedłby tam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-particle-rXibWqNw",
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ],
        [
          "would've",
          "would've"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [+past tense]",
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-4ahfuPi3",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [+past tense]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonyms: bodaj, bodajby, byle, byleby, niech, niechaj, niechajże, niechby, niechże, oby"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [+past tense]",
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-PmVyttAg",
      "links": [
        [
          "optative",
          "optative#English"
        ],
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [+past tense]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]",
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-IexiAnnw",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]",
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-h2kfL0x~",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [+infinitive]",
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-KzR45zrd",
      "links": [
        [
          "just to",
          "just to"
        ],
        [
          "only to",
          "only to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-pl-conj-qDHHdjzq",
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sco-prep-p-LSbo0V",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Archie was older than me.\n(literally, “Archie was old by me.”)",
          "ref": "1894, Robert Hunter, A Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant",
          "text": "Archie was auld by me.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "than"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sco-prep-c4NxHBsF",
      "links": [
        [
          "than",
          "than"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in comparisons) than"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in comparisons"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 25 0 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by, nearby"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sco-adv-fHYHPdPS",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by (the time that)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sco-conj-yOXzALeT",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-szl-particle-rXibWqNw",
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ],
        [
          "would've",
          "would've"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "szl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bychmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "szl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in order to, so that"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-szl-conj-qMnQZKqc",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-by"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażby"
        },
        {
          "word": "coby"
        },
        {
          "word": "iżeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byalag"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byallmänning"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byamål"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bybo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bydåre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byfåne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bygata"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byhåla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byoriginal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bypolitik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bypolitiker"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byracka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bysamfällighet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byskola"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byskvaller"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byslagsmål"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bysnille"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bystämma"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bytänkande"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byväg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hemby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kyrkby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gmq-osw",
        "3": "bȳr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Swedish bȳr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-osw",
        "2": "bȳ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village, farm, town"
      },
      "expansion": "bȳ (“village, farm, town”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "býur"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese býur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "town, city"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "town, city"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Swedish bȳr, bȳ (“village, farm, town”), from Old Norse býr. Cognate with Danish by (“town, city”, whence also Faroese býur with the same meaning), Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”) and Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-noun-irreg-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "by",
        "2": "byn",
        "3": "byar",
        "4": "byarna",
        "5": "bys",
        "6": "byns",
        "7": "byars",
        "8": "byarnas",
        "base": "by",
        "definitions": "",
        "gender": "Common"
      },
      "name": "sv-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hamlet"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-RANpx4w1",
      "links": [
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "village"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-Bc--KDOB",
      "links": [
        [
          "village",
          "village"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "farm"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-yM9wHzCt",
      "links": [
        [
          "farm",
          "farm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) farm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-ZCEWfNGR",
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) town, city"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 5 2 2 77 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rinkeby"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-wiXHk5x0",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rinkeby",
          "Rinkeby"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, in the definite \"byn\") Rinkeby"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the definite \"byn\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sv-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg/Sv-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bui"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bui",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nds",
        "3": "bö"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German bö",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "böe"
      },
      "expansion": "böe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "böje"
      },
      "expansion": "böje",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "byge"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish byge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "byge"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål byge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "bøye"
      },
      "expansion": "bøye",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bye"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bye",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bøye"
      },
      "expansion": "bøye",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bui or Low German bö, böe, böje. Cognate with Danish byge, Norwegian Bokmål byge, bøye and Norwegian Nynorsk bye, bøye.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-noun-irreg-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "by",
        "2": "byn",
        "3": "byar",
        "4": "byarna",
        "5": "bys",
        "6": "byns",
        "7": "byars",
        "8": "byarnas",
        "base": "by",
        "definitions": "",
        "gender": "Common"
      },
      "name": "sv-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "byig"
        },
        {
          "word": "bymoln"
        },
        {
          "word": "hagelby"
        },
        {
          "word": "kastby"
        },
        {
          "word": "orkanby"
        },
        {
          "word": "regnby"
        },
        {
          "word": "snöby"
        },
        {
          "word": "stormby"
        },
        {
          "word": "vindby"
        },
        {
          "word": "åskby"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gust, rush of wind"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sv-noun-eScwAMMy",
      "links": [
        [
          "gust",
          "gust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sv-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg/Sv-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hsb",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "hsb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second/third-person singular conditional of być"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-hsb-verb-p5JEbNM5",
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Upper Sorbian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "West Frisian",
  "lang_code": "fy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Frisian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-fy-prep-n23V6lnT",
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "In the olden days",
          "text": "By âlds",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in relation to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-fy-prep-4MeH~kef",
      "links": [
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛi̯/",
      "tags": [
        "Clay"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bi/",
      "tags": [
        "Wood"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "by",
          "word": "bee"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yola prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Who by misluck was placed to drive in.",
          "ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84",
          "text": "At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Many a brave stroke by Tommy was made;",
          "ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86",
          "text": "Many a bra draught by Tommeen was ee-maate;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of bee (“by”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-yol-prep-EMivSmCM",
      "links": [
        [
          "bee",
          "bee#Yola"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "бꙑ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "бы"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бы (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: бы (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "би",
            "q": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "бы"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: бы (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: бы (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "бꙑ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bi",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "би",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: би",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: би"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bi"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "bë"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: bë",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: bë"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: by\nCzech: by",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: by\nCzech: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: by\nMasurian: bi\nPolish: by\nSilesian: by",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: by\nMasurian: bi\nPolish: by\nSilesian: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "by",
            "q": "poetic"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: (poetic) by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: (poetic) by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "*by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/by",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "byti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular perfective aorist of *byti"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sla-pro-verb-rrSeqJwA",
      "links": [
        [
          "*byti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "byti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular perfective aorist of *byti"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-sla-pro-verb-7QC-37je",
      "links": [
        [
          "*byti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
    "Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Afrikaans lemmas",
    "Afrikaans nouns",
    "Afrikaans prepositions",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "af:Insects"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "byna"
    },
    {
      "word": "byrie"
    },
    {
      "word": "daarby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hierby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bij"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch bī",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bi, from Old Dutch bī.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "at"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[bə̟i̯]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
    "Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Afrikaans lemmas",
    "Afrikaans nouns",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "af:Insects"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "heuningby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hommelby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bij"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bie"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*bīa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *bīa",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bij, from Middle Dutch bie, from Old Dutch *bīa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bye",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "bye",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f2request": "1",
        "f5accel-form": "diminutive",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bye)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e"
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bye)",
      "name": "af-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bee"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bee",
          "bee"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[bə̟i̯]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Semantic shift from English by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese informal terms",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese prepositions",
        "Chinese terms borrowed from English",
        "Chinese terms derived from English",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin prepositions",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples",
        "Taiwanese Chinese"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "by某現任立委本人所說 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "by某现任立委本人所说 [MSC, simp.]\nbāi mǒu xiànrèn lìwěi běnrén suǒ shuō [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "according to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "according to",
          "according to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan, informal) according to"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄞ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bai"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pai¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bāi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bai"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "бай"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "baj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "BY"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Czech lemmas",
    "Czech particles",
    "Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
    "Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
    "Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Czech terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech by, from Proto-Slavic *by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "aby"
    },
    {
      "word": "bych"
    },
    {
      "word": "bychom"
    },
    {
      "word": "bys"
    },
    {
      "word": "byste"
    },
    {
      "word": "kdyby"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He would be getting up earlier, but then he would have to buy an alarm clock first.",
          "text": "Vstával by dřív, ale to by si napřed musel koupit budík.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "would",
          "word": "být"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular conditional subjunctive of být; would"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "být",
          "být#Czech"
        ],
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "form-of",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech informal terms",
        "Czech terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I would have gone there if they had invited me.",
          "text": "Byl by tam šel, kdyby mě byli pozvali.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We would have gone there if they had invited us.",
          "text": "My by tam šli, kdyby nás byli pozvali.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "; would"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(clipping, informal); would"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "clipping",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Cs-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Cs-by.ogg/Cs-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Cs-by.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bǿr",
        "4": "býr, bœr",
        "tr": "settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr, bœr (settlement).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "da-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byerne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byernes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "10": "byer",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{com}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "singular definite",
        "4": "byen",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "plural indefinite",
        "f1accel-form": "def|s",
        "f4accel-form": "indef|p",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "by c (singular definite byen, plural indefinite byer)",
      "name": "da-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "name": "da-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "c",
        "gen-pl-def": "byernes",
        "gen-pl-def-2": "",
        "gen-pl-def-3": "",
        "gen-pl-indef": "byers",
        "gen-pl-indef-2": "",
        "gen-sg-def": "byens",
        "gen-sg-def-2": "",
        "gen-sg-indef": "bys",
        "gen-sg-indef-2": "",
        "gen-sg-indef-3": "",
        "pl-def": "byerne",
        "pl-def-2": "",
        "pl-def-3": "",
        "pl-indef": "byer",
        "pl-indef-2": "",
        "pl-indef-3": "",
        "sg-def": "byen",
        "sg-def-2": "",
        "sg-indef": "by"
      },
      "name": "da-noun-infl-base"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "bydel"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "bymidte"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "bymæssig"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "byområde"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "byorkester"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "byplanlægning"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "byret"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "byråd"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "byvåben"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "byzone"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "landsby"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stad"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Danish common-gender nouns",
        "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Danish lemmas",
        "Danish nouns",
        "Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
        "Danish terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈb̥yˀ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English prepositions",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English two-letter words",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lao translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
    "Requests for translations into Albanian",
    "Requests for translations into Breton",
    "Requests for translations into Cantonese",
    "Requests for translations into Estonian",
    "Requests for translations into Hindi",
    "Requests for translations into Indonesian",
    "Requests for translations into Javanese",
    "Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
    "Requests for translations into Kazakh",
    "Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bit by bit"
    },
    {
      "word": "by and by"
    },
    {
      "word": "by day"
    },
    {
      "word": "by degrees"
    },
    {
      "word": "by dint of"
    },
    {
      "word": "by means of"
    },
    {
      "word": "by night"
    },
    {
      "word": "by oneself"
    },
    {
      "word": "by one's lonesome"
    },
    {
      "word": "by right"
    },
    {
      "word": "by rights"
    },
    {
      "word": "by the book"
    },
    {
      "word": "by the by"
    },
    {
      "word": "by the bye"
    },
    {
      "word": "by the way"
    },
    {
      "word": "by way of"
    },
    {
      "word": "by your leave"
    },
    {
      "word": "do good by"
    },
    {
      "word": "do right by"
    },
    {
      "word": "hard by"
    },
    {
      "word": "off-by-one"
    },
    {
      "word": "secure by design"
    },
    {
      "word": "side by side"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmn",
            "2": "by",
            "3": "BY",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "Hani",
            "sc2": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Near or next to."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "next",
          "next"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The stream runs by our back door.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "He ran straight by me.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Be back by ten o'clock!.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We'll find someone by the end of March.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We will send it by the first week of July.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The matter was decided by the chairman.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The boat was swamped by the water.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "He was protected by his body armour.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
          "text": "Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following a passive verb."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following a noun."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I was aghast by what I saw."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109",
          "text": "In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […]."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "Following an adjective."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
        "(not in common modern use) Following an adjective."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "not in common modern use"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cause"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We went by bus.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "I discovered it by chance.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By 'maybe' she means 'no'.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16",
          "text": "Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish",
          "text": "By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "means",
          "means#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates an authority according to which something is done."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:authority"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "By Jove! I think she's got it!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
          "text": "'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates an authority according to which something is done.",
        "Invokes an authority in an oath."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oath",
          "oath#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:authority"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I sorted the items by category.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a means of classification or organisation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Our stock is up by ten percent.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "His date of birth was wrong by ten years.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We went through the book page by page.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "We crawled forward by inches.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross"
        },
        {
          "text": "He drinks brandy by the bucketful!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "unit",
          "unit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with the"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "His health was deteriorating by the day.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The pickers are paid by the bushel.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per; with or in proportion to each."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He cheated by his own admission.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81",
          "text": "Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates a referenced source: According to."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sire",
          "sire#English"
        ],
        [
          "out of",
          "out of#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "horse breeding",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-jānib",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "بِجَانِب"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ganb",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "جنب"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "janb",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "tags": [
        "Hijazi-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "جنب"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mot",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "մոտ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "koġkʿin",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "կողքին"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "yanında",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "янында"
    },
    {
      "code": "bar",
      "lang": "Bavarian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ba"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kraj",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "край"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "al costat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "proïsme"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zāi … pang",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "在……旁"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "u"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "bij"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "apud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "vieressä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "à côté de"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "au bord de"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "près de"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "cabo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "so"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "bei"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "neben"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "kokoke"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "hiʻialo"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "עד"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jānib",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "जानिब"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "-nál/-nél (allative case)",
      "sense": "near, or next to"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "við"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "apud"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "di sebelah ..."
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "vicino"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "accanto"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ravvicinato"
    },
    {
      "alt": "のそばに",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "no sobani",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "…の側に"
    },
    {
      "alt": "のそばで",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "no sobade",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "…の側で"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "...king lele naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "...king siping naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "kalele naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "kasiping naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pangalele naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pangasiping naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "yeope",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "옆에"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gyeote",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "곁에"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "li"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "li rex"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "li nêzî"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "li kêleka"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "li tenişta"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "apud"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "aput"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "prie"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kaj",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "кај"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "di sebelah"
    },
    {
      "code": "swb",
      "lang": "Maore Comorian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "wangoni mwa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "i te taha o"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "przy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "obok"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "perto"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "próximo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "lângă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ókolo",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "о́коло"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rjádom s",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ря́дом с"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "u",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "у"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pri"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pri"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pla"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "pśi"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "cerca de"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "vid"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "english": "close to",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "intill"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kiang",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "เคียง"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "dtìt gàp",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ติดกับ"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kâang",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "ข้าง"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "bên cạnh"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "gần"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "cạnh"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "kề"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "bên"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "near, or next to",
      "word": "wrth"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕinda",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "عِنْدَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fī",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "فِي"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥawālī",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "حوالي"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "per a"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "...zi¹ cin⁴",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "……之前"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "...zhīqián",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "……之前"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "inden"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "tegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "antaŭ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "mennessä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "avant"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "bis"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "עד"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tak",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "तक"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "tags": [
        "sublative"
      ],
      "word": "-ra"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "tags": [
        "sublative"
      ],
      "word": "-re"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ],
      "word": "-ig"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "fyrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "entro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…madeni",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "…までに"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "angga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "anggang"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "angga king..."
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...kkaji",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "...까지"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "ta"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "heta"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "menjelang"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "innen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "tâ",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "تا"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "até"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "înainte de"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "k",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "para"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "innan"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "do",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "до"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "tak",
      "sense": "not later than",
      "word": "تک"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "note": "vào (in conjunction with đã)",
      "sense": "not later than"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "min qibal",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "مِن قِبَل"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "be-",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "بـ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "min",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "من"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "tərəfindən"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "note": "тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ot",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "от"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "bèi",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "被"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yóu",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "由"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "讓"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "ràng",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "让"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "給"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gěi",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "给"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiào",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "叫"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "af"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "door"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "jn",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "i-n"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "von"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "durch"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "þairh",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "tags": [
        "with-accusative"
      ],
      "word": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hupó",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "tags": [
        "agent",
        "animate",
        "with-genitive"
      ],
      "word": "ῠ̔πό"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "note": "ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "'al yadei",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "על ידי"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "be'emtza'ut",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "באמצעות"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "english": "...se",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...से"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "által"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "oleh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "da"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…ni",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "…に"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…niyori",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "…により"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…niyotte",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "…によって"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "uling king..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "uli naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "pauli ning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "agpang"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ngayu"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ngara"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ngana"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "bilang"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "…e",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "…에"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...ro",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...로"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...rosseo",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...로써"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...roseo",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...로서"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...e uihae",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...에 의해"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ji alî"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ji aliyê ... ve"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ab"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "od",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "од"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "oleh"
    },
    {
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "ni"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "av"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "fram"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "przez"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "de către"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "od"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "na"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "av"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "doy",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "โดย"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "tarafından"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "tamanından"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "tarapyndan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "english": "...se",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "...سے"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "tomonidan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "bởi"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "gan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
      "word": "troch"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "li-",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "لِـ"
    },
    {
      "code": "aii",
      "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
      "roman": "byād",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ܒܝܲܕ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ot",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "от"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "od"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "af"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "door"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "vanwege"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "far"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "genitive of the name of author",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "von"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "me'et",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "מאת"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "tags": [
        "ablative"
      ],
      "word": "-tól"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "tags": [
        "ablative"
      ],
      "word": "-től"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "eftir"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "da"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ab"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "da"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "作…"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "…作"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "nang..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "...a"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "gaua nang..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "gaua dareng..."
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...ui",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "...의"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "bi destê"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ji alî"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ab"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "od",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "од"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "oleh"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "nā"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "av"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "of"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "przez"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "le"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "od"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "od"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "av"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "doy",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "โดย"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "tarafindan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "của"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "gan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "indicates creator of a work",
      "word": "troch"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "بِـ"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "vasitəsilə"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yòng",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "用…"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yóu",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "由…"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "pomocí"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "prostřednictvím"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ved at"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "door"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "op"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "adessive of the means",
      "sense": "indicates a means"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "note": "+ present participle",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "en"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "au moyen de"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "mit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "mittels"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "durch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "indem"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "diá",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "διά"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apó",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "από"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "al yedey",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "על ידי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "-val"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "-vel"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "által"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "útján"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "révén"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "kena"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "con"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…で"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…により"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "…niyotte",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "…によって"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit ing"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit naning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "gamit ning..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ibat king..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...ken"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bilang"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...rosseo",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...로써"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...ro",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "...로"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ab"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "pa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "dengan"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "nā"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "shows an instrument or tool",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "ki"
    },
    {
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "tags": [
        "with-infinitive"
      ],
      "word": "ha"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "med"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "þurh"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "cu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "s"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "z"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "tags": [
        "with-infinitive"
      ],
      "word": "genom att"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "doy",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "โดย"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "vasıtasıyla"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "za dopomohoju",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "за допомогою"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "bằng cách"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "theo cách"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "indicates a means",
      "word": "â"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bi-",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "بِـ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bar",
      "lang": "Bavarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "ba"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "kautta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "bei"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ma",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "μα"
    },
    {
      "alt": "+ acc.",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "nḗ",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "νή"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "szerint"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "alapján"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "著…"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "…著"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "papunta king..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "gamit ing"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "mig-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "meg-"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "nā"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "ved"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "na"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ot ímeni",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "от и́мени"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vo ímja",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "во и́мя"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "vid"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "with the authority of",
      "word": "trước"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
      "word": "-ra"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
      "word": "-re"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
      "word": "þurh"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
      "word": "pe"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "podle"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "laŭ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "mukaisesti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "mukaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "nach"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "lefy",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "לפי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "english": "according to",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "szerint"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "dal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "…に従って"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "agpang king"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "agpang naning"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "agpang kang"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...e ttara",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "...에 따라"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "...ro",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "...로"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "li gor"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "li dû"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "cata"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "mengikut"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "etter"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "według"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "după"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "po",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "по"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "podľa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "po"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "po",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "по"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "theo"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "theo như"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "tuân theo"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "loyt",
      "sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
      "word": "לויט"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "med"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "met"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "-lla"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "-llä (adessive case)",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "um"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "be-",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "tags": [
        "prefix"
      ],
      "word": "ב־"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "-val"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "-vel"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "del"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ni",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "…に"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "king"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "ketang"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "med"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "em"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "cu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "na",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "на"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "za"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "wó"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "med"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "na",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
      "word": "на"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "note": "(not translated)",
      "sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "aṙ",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "առ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "za"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "po"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \"house by house\")",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "um"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "-nként"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "king"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "keng"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "balang"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "demi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "per"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "etter"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "for"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "po"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "za"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "cu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "za",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "за"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "po"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "za"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "za",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression",
      "word": "за"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "note": "từng (optionally: + unit + một)",
      "sense": "indicates steady progression"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "bij"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "par"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "auf"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "-szor"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "-szer"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "-ször"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "bang"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "bakanitang..."
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "na"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "pe"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "note": "-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)",
      "sense": "used to separate dimensions"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English prepositions",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English two-letter words",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lao translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
    "Requests for translations into Albanian",
    "Requests for translations into Breton",
    "Requests for translations into Cantonese",
    "Requests for translations into Estonian",
    "Requests for translations into Hindi",
    "Requests for translations into Indonesian",
    "Requests for translations into Javanese",
    "Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
    "Requests for translations into Kazakh",
    "Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bypass"
    },
    {
      "word": "by the by"
    },
    {
      "word": "drop by"
    },
    {
      "word": "full and by"
    },
    {
      "word": "nearby"
    },
    {
      "word": "pass by"
    },
    {
      "word": "passerby"
    },
    {
      "word": "put by"
    },
    {
      "word": "right by"
    },
    {
      "word": "stand by"
    },
    {
      "word": "stop by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "by (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I watched as it passed by."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Along a path which runs past the speaker."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "There was a shepherd close by."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In the vicinity, near."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vicinity",
          "vicinity"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I'll stop by on my way home from work."
        },
        {
          "text": "We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To or at a place, as a residence or place of business."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with uncommon senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "aside, away"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aside",
          "aside"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) aside, away"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "forbi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "langs"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "ohi"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "längs"
    },
    {
      "alt": "みちにそって",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "michi ni sotte",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "道に沿って"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "tê re"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "di ber re"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "di sepanjang"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "por mim"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "por nós"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "seachad"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "okolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "por"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "längs"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "längs med"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "povz",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "повз"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "along a path",
      "word": "qua"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "main"
    },
    {
      "word": "principal"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English prepositions",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English two-letter words",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lao translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
    "Requests for translations into Albanian",
    "Requests for translations into Breton",
    "Requests for translations into Cantonese",
    "Requests for translations into Estonian",
    "Requests for translations into Hindi",
    "Requests for translations into Indonesian",
    "Requests for translations into Javanese",
    "Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
    "Requests for translations into Kazakh",
    "Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "English terms prefixed with by-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "by (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a by path, a by room"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Out of the way, off to one side."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "by catch, a by issue"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Subsidiary, incidental."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Subsidiary",
          "subsidiary"
        ],
        [
          "incidental",
          "incidental"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English prepositions",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English two-letter words",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lao translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
    "Requests for translations into Albanian",
    "Requests for translations into Breton",
    "Requests for translations into Cantonese",
    "Requests for translations into Estonian",
    "Requests for translations into Hindi",
    "Requests for translations into Indonesian",
    "Requests for translations into Javanese",
    "Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
    "Requests for translations into Kazakh",
    "Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
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      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "by (plural bys)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "bye"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of bye."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bye",
          "bye#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English prepositions",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English two-letter words",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Lao translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
    "Requests for translations into Albanian",
    "Requests for translations into Breton",
    "Requests for translations into Cantonese",
    "Requests for translations into Estonian",
    "Requests for translations into Hindi",
    "Requests for translations into Indonesian",
    "Requests for translations into Javanese",
    "Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
    "Requests for translations into Kazakh",
    "Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "bi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "by; near; around"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "near; by; around; about"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "at; by; near"
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      "expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "bie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bij",
        "3": "",
        "4": "near; by"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "bi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "bei",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by; near; at"
      },
      "expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "goodbye",
          "word": "bye"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English dated forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dated form of bye (“goodbye”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bye",
          "bye#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bi"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "bye"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "buy"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bī"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
      "word": "bye"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from English by",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "by",
          "バイ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "particle",
        "2": "バイ"
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      "expansion": "by(バイ) • (bai)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese informal terms",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese particles",
        "Japanese terms borrowed from English",
        "Japanese terms derived from English",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with quotations",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Requests for translations of Japanese quotations",
        "Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2002, https://tcrf.net/Super_Monkey_Ball_2#Test_Level_Messages\nココにはバッファから生成したMAPのTEXTURE希望 by JAMAD",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2007, 『さよなら絶望先生』 第5話\n己を知らされば、戦う毎に必ず殆し。by 孫子",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "2009, 『けいおん！』 第4話\nめざせ武道館！！ by 軽音部！",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to sign off a message/attribute a text."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Used to sign off a message/attribute a text."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ba̠i]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "that...would",
      "word": "aby"
    },
    {
      "english": "if...would",
      "word": "gaby"
    },
    {
      "english": "if...would",
      "word": "gdyby"
    },
    {
      "english": "would not",
      "word": "njeby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*byti"
      },
      "expansion": "*byti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "pos": "third-person singular aorist of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*byti</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *by (third-person singular aorist of *byti)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "defective",
        "4": "",
        "5": "invariable",
        "cat2": "defective verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "by (defective, invariable)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lower Sorbian defective verbs",
        "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Lower Sorbian lemmas",
        "Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Lower Sorbian terms with usage examples",
        "Lower Sorbian verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We don’t do that because it would hurt them.",
          "text": "Njecynimy to, dokulaž by jim škóźeło.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "would (used with the past active participle to form a conditional)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "defective",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bɨ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
    "Manx lemmas",
    "Manx particles"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Manx",
  "lang_code": "gv",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Manx terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I want to go as well.",
          "text": "By vie lhiam goll myrgeddin.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I'd like to ask you what you'd prefer to do today.",
          "text": "B'laik lhiam briaght jiu c'red bare lhiu jannoo jiu.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past/conditional of s'"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "s'",
          "s'#Manx"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Manx dated terms",
        "Manx terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the man who was the strongest",
          "text": "yn dooinney by hroshey",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives",
          "word": "s'"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Past and conditional form of s' (used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "s'",
          "s'#Manx"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Past and conditional form of s' (used to introduce the comparative and superlative form of adjectives)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "dated",
        "form-of",
        "past",
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "b'"
    },
    {
      "word": "b-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English prepositions",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English terms with quotations",
    "Middle English verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "English: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "by",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: by, bye, bi', be, b'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: by, bye, bi', be, b'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "bee",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: bee, bie, be, by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: bee, bie, be, by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English bī",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁epi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bi-"
    },
    {
      "word": "by-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41",
          "text": "And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/biː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "word": "bi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms with quotations",
    "Middle English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to be",
          "word": "been"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of been (“to be”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
          "been#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bydel"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfornyelse"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfornying"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygdeby"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykart"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymessig"
    },
    {
      "word": "byplanlegging"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysentrum"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystat"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystatus"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystrøk"
    },
    {
      "word": "drabantby"
    },
    {
      "word": "ferieby"
    },
    {
      "word": "festningsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "gamleby"
    },
    {
      "word": "garnisonsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "gruveby"
    },
    {
      "word": "havneby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hjemby"
    },
    {
      "word": "industriby"
    },
    {
      "word": "innlandsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "kystby"
    },
    {
      "word": "landsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "Mexico by"
    },
    {
      "word": "naboby"
    },
    {
      "word": "oldtidsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "provinsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "spøkelsesby"
    },
    {
      "word": "stasjonsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "storby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vennskapsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vertsby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr",
        "4": "",
        "5": "place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr (“place (to camp or settle), land, property, lot; and later settlement”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byer",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byene",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "town, city (regardless of population size or land area)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town#English"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[byː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "no:by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "byde"
      },
      "expansion": "byde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bjóða"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bjóða",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beudaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to offer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wake, rise up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From byde, from Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "by",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byr",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bød",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bøy",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "budt",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "10": "bøy",
        "11": "or",
        "12": "bydde",
        "13": "past participle",
        "14": "budt",
        "15": "or",
        "16": "bydd",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "imperative",
        "4": "by",
        "5": "present tense",
        "6": "byr",
        "7": "simple past",
        "8": "bød",
        "9": "or"
      },
      "expansion": "by (imperative by, present tense byr, simple past bød or bøy or bydde, past participle budt or bydd)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bid; offer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bid",
          "bid#English"
        ],
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to ask; invite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ask",
          "ask#English"
        ],
        [
          "invite",
          "invite#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to command; order"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command#English"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[byː]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "byde"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "no:by"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "austlandsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "badeby"
    },
    {
      "word": "brakkeby"
    },
    {
      "word": "byantikvar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybarn"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybefolkning"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybilde"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybilete"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybod"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybuar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydame"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydel"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfant"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfjord"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfolk"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfornying"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfut"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygard"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygartnar"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygate"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygdeby"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygut"
    },
    {
      "word": "byhistorie"
    },
    {
      "word": "byingeniør"
    },
    {
      "word": "byjente"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykart"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykjerne"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykommune"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykultur"
    },
    {
      "word": "bykvinne"
    },
    {
      "word": "byliv"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymann"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymark"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymenneske"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymessig"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymiljø"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymur"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymus"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymusé"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymuseum"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymål"
    },
    {
      "word": "bynamn"
    },
    {
      "word": "bynær"
    },
    {
      "word": "byoriginal"
    },
    {
      "word": "bypark"
    },
    {
      "word": "byplan"
    },
    {
      "word": "byplanlegging"
    },
    {
      "word": "byport"
    },
    {
      "word": "byrett"
    },
    {
      "word": "byråd"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysamfunn"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysbarn"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysenter"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysentrum"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystat"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystatus"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystrøk"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystyre"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysykkel"
    },
    {
      "word": "byting"
    },
    {
      "word": "bytrafikk"
    },
    {
      "word": "byvandring"
    },
    {
      "word": "byvis"
    },
    {
      "word": "byvåpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "drabantby"
    },
    {
      "word": "ferieby"
    },
    {
      "word": "festningsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "fødeby"
    },
    {
      "word": "gamleby"
    },
    {
      "word": "garnisonsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "granneby"
    },
    {
      "word": "grenseby"
    },
    {
      "word": "gruveby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hageby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hamneby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hansaby"
    },
    {
      "word": "heimby"
    },
    {
      "word": "hytteby"
    },
    {
      "word": "industriby"
    },
    {
      "word": "innlandsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "kystby"
    },
    {
      "word": "landsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "Mexico by"
    },
    {
      "word": "millionby"
    },
    {
      "word": "mjøsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "naboby"
    },
    {
      "word": "oldtidsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "open by"
    },
    {
      "word": "provinsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "reinby"
    },
    {
      "word": "residensby"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruinby"
    },
    {
      "word": "sjøfartsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "småby"
    },
    {
      "word": "soveby"
    },
    {
      "word": "spøkelsesby"
    },
    {
      "word": "spøkjelsesby"
    },
    {
      "word": "stasjonsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "storby"
    },
    {
      "word": "studentby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vennskapsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "venskapsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "verdsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vertsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vestlandsby"
    },
    {
      "word": "villa by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr m",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*būwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bø"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of bø",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse býr m, from Proto-Germanic *būwiz. Doublet of bø.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byane",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bu"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "town, city (regardless of population size or land area)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town#English"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "by av"
    },
    {
      "word": "by fram"
    },
    {
      "word": "by imot"
    },
    {
      "word": "by inn"
    },
    {
      "word": "by over"
    },
    {
      "word": "by på"
    },
    {
      "word": "by på seg sjølv"
    },
    {
      "word": "by til"
    },
    {
      "word": "by under"
    },
    {
      "word": "by ut"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydande"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydeform"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydesetning"
    },
    {
      "word": "falby"
    },
    {
      "word": "forby"
    },
    {
      "word": "innby"
    },
    {
      "word": "misby"
    },
    {
      "word": "motbydeleg"
    },
    {
      "word": "påby"
    },
    {
      "word": "skamby"
    },
    {
      "word": "takk som byr"
    },
    {
      "word": "tilby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bjóða"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bjóða",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beudaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to offer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wake, rise up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bid"
      },
      "expansion": "English bid",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse bjóða, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to wake, rise up”). Akin to English bid.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "byr",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "baud",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bode",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydt",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydd",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bydande",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "10": "bode",
        "11": "or",
        "12": "bydd",
        "13": "or",
        "14": "bydt",
        "15": "past participle",
        "16": "boden",
        "17": "or",
        "18": "bydd",
        "19": "present participle",
        "2": "verb",
        "20": "bydande",
        "21": "imperative",
        "22": "by",
        "3": "present tense",
        "4": "byr",
        "5": "past tense",
        "6": "baud",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "bydde",
        "9": "supine",
        "cat2": "strong verbs",
        "cat3": "class 2 strong verbs",
        "cat4": "strong verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "by (present tense byr, past tense baud or bydde, supine bode or bydd or bydt, past participle boden or bydd, present participle bydande, imperative by)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bod"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I command you to stop.",
          "text": "Eg byd deg å stoppe.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to command, order"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command#English"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I offer you a 100 NOK.",
          "text": "Eg byd deg 100 kroner.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bid, offer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bid",
          "bid#English"
        ],
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Granny offered us cookies.",
          "text": "Bestemor baud på småkaker.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to offer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "offer",
          "offer#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/byː/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bjoda"
    },
    {
      "word": "bjode"
    },
    {
      "word": "byda"
    },
    {
      "word": "byde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Czech conjunctions",
    "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Czech lemmas",
    "Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-ocs",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Czech",
  "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "býti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second/third-person singular aorist of býti"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "býti",
          "býti#Old Czech"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bě"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a clause two which the speaker has reservations or uncertainty."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Especially with a negated verb; expresses concern."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Introduces a clause of intention; in order to; would that"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "would that",
          "would that"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Especially after a negated verb; expresses that the viewer sees something as unrealistic."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms a conditional; would"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish conjunctions",
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Polish particles",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a command; to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clarifying clause; to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces clauses of emotions; to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subjective clause; in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clausal clause; in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish conjunctions",
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Polish particles",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verb forms"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "bi"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "optative",
          "optative#English"
        ],
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular aorist of być"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular aorist of być"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish conjunctions",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He would not go there.",
          "text": "On by tam nie poszedł./On nie poszedłby tam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ],
        [
          "would've",
          "would've"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish conjunctions",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [+past tense]",
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [+past tense]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonyms: bodaj, bodajby, byle, byleby, niech, niechaj, niechajże, niechby, niechże, oby"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [+past tense]",
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "optative",
          "optative#English"
        ],
        [
          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [+past tense]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]",
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]",
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
        [
          "for that",
          "for that"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [+infinitive]",
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "just to",
          "just to"
        ],
        [
          "only to",
          "only to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [+infinitive]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ażeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Proto-Slavic verb forms"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "бꙑ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "бы"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бы (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: бы (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "би",
            "q": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "бы"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: бы (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: бы (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "бꙑ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bi",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "би",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: би",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: би"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bi"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "bë"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: bë",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: bë"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: by\nCzech: by",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: by\nCzech: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: by\nMasurian: bi\nPolish: by\nSilesian: by",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: by\nMasurian: bi\nPolish: by\nSilesian: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "by",
            "q": "poetic"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: (poetic) by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: (poetic) by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: by"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "by"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: by",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: by"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "*by"
      },
      "expansion": "*by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/by",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "byti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular perfective aorist of *byti"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*byti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "byti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular perfective aorist of *byti"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*byti",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Scots adverbs",
    "Scots conjunctions",
    "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
    "Scots lemmas",
    "Scots prepositions",
    "Scots terms derived from Middle English",
    "Scots terms derived from Old English",
    "Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Old English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Scots terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Archie was older than me.\n(literally, “Archie was old by me.”)",
          "ref": "1894, Robert Hunter, A Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant",
          "text": "Archie was auld by me.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "than"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "than",
          "than"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in comparisons) than"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in comparisons"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Scots adverbs",
    "Scots conjunctions",
    "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
    "Scots lemmas",
    "Scots prepositions",
    "Scots terms derived from Middle English",
    "Scots terms derived from Old English",
    "Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Old English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by, nearby"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Scots adverbs",
    "Scots conjunctions",
    "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
    "Scots lemmas",
    "Scots prepositions",
    "Scots terms derived from Middle English",
    "Scots terms derived from Old English",
    "Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Old English",
    "Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Scots terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "English by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "bee"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola bee",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by (the time that)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɪ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbə]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈbɑɪ̯]",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bye"
    },
    {
      "word": "bi'"
    },
    {
      "word": "be"
    },
    {
      "word": "b'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɨ",
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɨ/1 syllable",
    "Silesian conjunctions",
    "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Silesian lemmas",
    "Silesian particles",
    "Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "would",
          "would"
        ],
        [
          "would've",
          "would've"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɨ",
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɨ/1 syllable",
    "Silesian conjunctions",
    "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Silesian lemmas",
    "Silesian particles",
    "Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "szl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bychmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "szl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-by"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in order to, so that"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "so that",
          "so that"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aby"
        },
        {
          "word": "ażby"
        },
        {
          "word": "coby"
        },
        {
          "word": "iżeby"
        },
        {
          "word": "żeby"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Swedish common-gender nouns",
    "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Swedish lemmas",
    "Swedish nouns",
    "Swedish terms derived from Dutch",
    "Swedish terms derived from Low German",
    "Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
    "Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
    "Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
    "Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
    "Swedish terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "byalag"
    },
    {
      "word": "byallmänning"
    },
    {
      "word": "byamål"
    },
    {
      "word": "bybo"
    },
    {
      "word": "bydåre"
    },
    {
      "word": "byfåne"
    },
    {
      "word": "bygata"
    },
    {
      "word": "byhåla"
    },
    {
      "word": "byoriginal"
    },
    {
      "word": "bypolitik"
    },
    {
      "word": "bypolitiker"
    },
    {
      "word": "byracka"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysamfällighet"
    },
    {
      "word": "byskola"
    },
    {
      "word": "byskvaller"
    },
    {
      "word": "byslagsmål"
    },
    {
      "word": "bysnille"
    },
    {
      "word": "bystämma"
    },
    {
      "word": "bytänkande"
    },
    {
      "word": "byväg"
    },
    {
      "word": "hemby"
    },
    {
      "word": "kyrkby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gmq-osw",
        "3": "bȳr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Swedish bȳr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-osw",
        "2": "bȳ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village, farm, town"
      },
      "expansion": "bȳ (“village, farm, town”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "býr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse býr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "by"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish by",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "býur"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese býur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "town, city"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "",
        "4": "town, city"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Swedish bȳr, bȳ (“village, farm, town”), from Old Norse býr. Cognate with Danish by (“town, city”, whence also Faroese býur with the same meaning), Norwegian Bokmål by (“town, city”) and Norwegian Nynorsk by (“town, city”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-noun-irreg-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "by",
        "2": "byn",
        "3": "byar",
        "4": "byarna",
        "5": "bys",
        "6": "byns",
        "7": "byars",
        "8": "byarnas",
        "base": "by",
        "definitions": "",
        "gender": "Common"
      },
      "name": "sv-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hamlet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "village"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "village",
          "village"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "farm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "farm",
          "farm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) farm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) town, city"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rinkeby"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rinkeby",
          "Rinkeby"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, in the definite \"byn\") Rinkeby"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the definite \"byn\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sv-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg/Sv-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Swedish common-gender nouns",
    "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Swedish lemmas",
    "Swedish nouns",
    "Swedish terms derived from Dutch",
    "Swedish terms derived from Low German",
    "Swedish terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "byig"
    },
    {
      "word": "bymoln"
    },
    {
      "word": "hagelby"
    },
    {
      "word": "kastby"
    },
    {
      "word": "orkanby"
    },
    {
      "word": "regnby"
    },
    {
      "word": "snöby"
    },
    {
      "word": "stormby"
    },
    {
      "word": "vindby"
    },
    {
      "word": "åskby"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "bui"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bui",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nds",
        "3": "bö"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German bö",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "böe"
      },
      "expansion": "böe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "böje"
      },
      "expansion": "böje",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "byge"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish byge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "byge"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål byge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "bøye"
      },
      "expansion": "bøye",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bye"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk bye",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "bøye"
      },
      "expansion": "bøye",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch bui or Low German bö, böe, böje. Cognate with Danish byge, Norwegian Bokmål byge, bøye and Norwegian Nynorsk bye, bøye.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-noun-irreg-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bys",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byarnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "by c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "by",
        "2": "byn",
        "3": "byar",
        "4": "byarna",
        "5": "bys",
        "6": "byns",
        "7": "byars",
        "8": "byarnas",
        "base": "by",
        "definitions": "",
        "gender": "Common"
      },
      "name": "sv-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "gust, rush of wind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gust",
          "gust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sv-by.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg/Sv-by.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Sv-by.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hsb",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "by"
  ],
  "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "hsb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨ",
        "Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨ/1 syllable",
        "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Upper Sorbian non-lemma forms",
        "Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Upper Sorbian verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "być"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second/third-person singular conditional of być"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Upper Sorbian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
    "West Frisian lemmas",
    "West Frisian prepositions",
    "West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "West Frisian",
  "lang_code": "fy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "near to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "West Frisian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "In the olden days",
          "text": "By âlds",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in relation to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛi̯/",
      "tags": [
        "Clay"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bi/",
      "tags": [
        "Wood"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "by",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "by",
          "word": "bee"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
        "Yola lemmas",
        "Yola prepositions",
        "Yola terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Who by misluck was placed to drive in.",
          "ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84",
          "text": "At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Many a brave stroke by Tommy was made;",
          "ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86",
          "text": "Many a bra draught by Tommeen was ee-maate;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of bee (“by”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bee",
          "bee#Yola"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
  "msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
  "path": [
    "by"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "by"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "by"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "particle",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-n\\u00e1l/-n\\u00e9l (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"v\\u00e0o (in conjunction with \\u0111\\u00e3)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"\\u0442\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u0444\\u044b\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d (taraf\\u0131nan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"\\u1f10\\u03bd (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-ll\\u00e4 (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"t\\u1eebng (optionally: + unit + m\\u1ed9t)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʿin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "prep",
  "title": "by",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.