See per in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for per meaning in Latin (7.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-per"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "per annum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "per se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "per-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pri",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pri, pi, pre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pri, pi, pre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pre",
"3": "pe",
"4": "pă",
"5": "pi"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Italian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pe",
"3": "ppe"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pe, ppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pe, ppe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pi",
"3": "pri",
"4": "pir"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pi, pri, pir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pi, pri, pir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Old French: par\nMiddle French: par\nFrench: par\n→ English: par\nLorrain: poir\nPicard: per",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: par\nMiddle French: par\nFrench: par\n→ English: par\nLorrain: poir\nPicard: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: par"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "per",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: per"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *per",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "pári"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परि (pári)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian per",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "për"
},
"expansion": "Albanian për",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "English for",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.\nThe accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "per (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That event being announced by the scouts",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.11",
"text": "Qua re per exploratores nuntiata"
},
{
"english": "By the pretext of honouring",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.3",
"text": "per speciem honoris"
}
],
"glosses": [
"through, by means of"
],
"id": "en-per-la-prep-vW4mdCx7",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"throughout, during"
],
"id": "en-per-la-prep-bJJ9kbMb",
"links": [
[
"throughout",
"throughout"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/per/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/per/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛr]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Mediaeval sigil",
"word": "ꝑ"
}
],
"word": "per"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-per"
},
{
"word": "per annum"
},
{
"word": "per se"
},
{
"word": "per-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pri",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pri, pi, pre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pri, pi, pre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pre",
"3": "pe",
"4": "pă",
"5": "pi"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Italian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pe",
"3": "ppe"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pe, ppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pe, ppe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pi",
"3": "pri",
"4": "pir"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pi, pri, pir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pi, pri, pir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Old French: par\nMiddle French: par\nFrench: par\n→ English: par\nLorrain: poir\nPicard: per",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: par\nMiddle French: par\nFrench: par\n→ English: par\nLorrain: poir\nPicard: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: par"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "per",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: per"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "per",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: per"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *per",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "pári"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परि (pári)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian per",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "për"
},
"expansion": "Albanian për",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "English for",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.\nThe accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "per (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That event being announced by the scouts",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.11",
"text": "Qua re per exploratores nuntiata"
},
{
"english": "By the pretext of honouring",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.3",
"text": "per speciem honoris"
}
],
"glosses": [
"through, by means of"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"throughout, during"
],
"links": [
[
"throughout",
"throughout"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/per/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/per/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛr]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Mediaeval sigil",
"word": "ꝑ"
}
],
"word": "per"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.