See ab in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a",
"3": "ab",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "ab (+ ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abhinc"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
"roman": "The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.",
"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"from, away from, out of"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-V9fPOdi~",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down from"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-e6J3dqjX",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): down from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-3v2bEkLz",
"links": [
[
"agency",
"agency"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating agency"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep--vl7CpI0",
"links": [
[
"instrumentality",
"instrumentality"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating instrumentality"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.",
"roman": "Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.",
"text": "Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-nQumxTJ6",
"links": [
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating association): to, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating association"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at, on, in"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-5tGcRd-w",
"links": [
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating location): at, on, in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating location"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 24 25 0 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-g9RJuVJe",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(time) after, since"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "not used before a vowel or h",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "exclusively used before the pronoun te",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "abs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "af"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin ablative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 36 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a",
"3": "ab",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "ab (+ ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "abhinc"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
"roman": "The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.",
"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"from, away from, out of"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"down from"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): down from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"links": [
[
"agency",
"agency"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating agency"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"links": [
[
"instrumentality",
"instrumentality"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating instrumentality"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.",
"roman": "Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.",
"text": "Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"links": [
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating association): to, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating association"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at, on, in"
],
"links": [
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating location): at, on, in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating location"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(time) after, since"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "not used before a vowel or h",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"english": "exclusively used before the pronoun te",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "abs"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "af"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ab meaning in Latin (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ab/Latin/prep: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin ablative prepositions\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin prepositions\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Pages with 36 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"French: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"French: à\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Portuguese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Portuguese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nb\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"ab\", \"lbor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*ap\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *ap\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂epó\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"off, away\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"off\"}, \"expansion\": \"English off\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"xum\", \"2\": \"𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄\"}, \"expansion\": \"Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ablative\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab (+ ablative)\", \"name\": \"la-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abhinc\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1\", \"roman\": \"The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.\", \"text\": \"Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"from, away from, out of\"], \"links\": [[\"from\", \"from\"], [\"away\", \"away\"], [\"out\", \"out\"], [\"of\", \"of\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating ablation\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"down from\"], \"links\": [[\"down\", \"down\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating ablation): down from\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating ablation\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"The king is saluted by his men.\", \"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4\", \"text\": \"Rex ab suis appellatur.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(source of action or event) by, by means of\"], \"links\": [[\"agency\", \"agency\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"by means of\", \"by means of\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating agency\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.\", \"ref\": \"106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92\", \"text\": \"Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with\"], \"links\": [[\"instrumentality\", \"instrumentality\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"by means of\", \"by means of\"], [\"with\", \"with\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating instrumentality\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"english\": \"I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.\", \"roman\": \"Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.\", \"text\": \"Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to, with\"], \"links\": [[\"association\", \"association\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"with\", \"with\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating association): to, with\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating association\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"at, on, in\"], \"links\": [[\"location\", \"location\"], [\"at\", \"at\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"in\", \"in\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating location): at, on, in\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating location\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"after, since\"], \"links\": [[\"after\", \"after\"], [\"since\", \"since\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(time) after, since\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"], \"topics\": [\"time\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ab/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[äb]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ab/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[äb]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"not used before a vowel or h\", \"word\": \"ā\"}, {\"english\": \"exclusively used before the pronoun te\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"abs\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"af\"}], \"word\": \"ab\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ab/Latin/prep: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin ablative prepositions\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin prepositions\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Pages with 36 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"French: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"French: à\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Portuguese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Portuguese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nb\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"ab\", \"lbor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*ap\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *ap\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂epó\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"off, away\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"off\"}, \"expansion\": \"English off\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"xum\", \"2\": \"𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄\"}, \"expansion\": \"Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ablative\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab (+ ablative)\", \"name\": \"la-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abhinc\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1\", \"roman\": \"The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.\", \"text\": \"Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"from, away from, out of\"], \"links\": [[\"from\", \"from\"], [\"away\", \"away\"], [\"out\", \"out\"], [\"of\", \"of\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating ablation\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"down from\"], \"links\": [[\"down\", \"down\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating ablation): down from\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating ablation\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"The king is saluted by his men.\", \"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4\", \"text\": \"Rex ab suis appellatur.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(source of action or event) by, by means of\"], \"links\": [[\"agency\", \"agency\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"by means of\", \"by means of\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating agency\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.\", \"ref\": \"106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92\", \"text\": \"Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with\"], \"links\": [[\"instrumentality\", \"instrumentality\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"by means of\", \"by means of\"], [\"with\", \"with\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating instrumentality\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"english\": \"I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.\", \"roman\": \"Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.\", \"text\": \"Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to, with\"], \"links\": [[\"association\", \"association\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"with\", \"with\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating association): to, with\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating association\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"at, on, in\"], \"links\": [[\"location\", \"location\"], [\"at\", \"at\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"in\", \"in\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indicating location): at, on, in\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"indicating location\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"after, since\"], \"links\": [[\"after\", \"after\"], [\"since\", \"since\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(time) after, since\"], \"tags\": [\"with-ablative\"], \"topics\": [\"time\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ab/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[äb]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ab/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[äb]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"not used before a vowel or h\", \"word\": \"ā\"}, {\"english\": \"exclusively used before the pronoun te\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"abs\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"af\"}], \"word\": \"ab\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.