See ab in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "à"
},
{
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},
{
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"pos": "prep",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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{
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
"roman": "The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.",
"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
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{
"_dis": "9 11 35 35 0 0 10",
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"_dis": "14 13 17 17 11 11 16",
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],
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"down from"
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"(indicating ablation): down from"
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"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur.",
"translation": "The king is saluted by his men."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-3v2bEkLz",
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"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
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"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Sestio 42.92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.",
"translation": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence."
},
{
"english": "Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.",
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2",
"text": "Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.",
"translation": "Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
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"raw_tags": [
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],
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{
"english": "... If God is with us, who is against us?",
"ref": "Ad, Rōmānōs IIX.XXX",
"text": "... Sī Deus ā nōbīs est, quis contrā nōs?",
"translation": "... If God is with us, who is against us?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-nQumxTJ6",
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"english": "From the founding of the City.",
"text": "Ab urbe conditā.",
"translation": "From the founding of the City.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-g9RJuVJe",
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],
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"since"
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"(time) after, since"
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"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages with 36 entries",
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{
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"word": "a"
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (ăpó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).",
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"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
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"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
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],
"links": [
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"away",
"away"
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"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of"
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"(indicating ablation): down from"
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"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur.",
"translation": "The king is saluted by his men."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"links": [
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"agency"
],
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"by",
"by"
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[
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"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
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"examples": [
{
"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Sestio 42.92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.",
"translation": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence."
},
{
"english": "Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.",
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2",
"text": "Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.",
"translation": "Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"links": [
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"instrumentality",
"instrumentality"
],
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"by",
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],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating instrumentality"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... If God is with us, who is against us?",
"ref": "Ad, Rōmānōs IIX.XXX",
"text": "... Sī Deus ā nōbīs est, quis contrā nōs?",
"translation": "... If God is with us, who is against us?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"links": [
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"association"
],
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"to",
"to"
],
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"(indicating association): to, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
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},
{
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"at, on, in"
],
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"location",
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],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating location): at, on, in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating location"
],
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},
{
"categories": [
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"english": "From the founding of the City.",
"text": "Ab urbe conditā.",
"translation": "From the founding of the City.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"links": [
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"after",
"after"
],
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"since",
"since"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(time) after, since"
],
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],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈab]",
"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "[ˈab]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ab meaning in Latin (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.