See ab on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for ab meaning in All languages combined (90.8kB)
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"9": "or",
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"head3": "",
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"ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz."
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"(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz."
]
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"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of abdominal muscles.",
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{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab roller"
},
{
"word": "ab roller wheel"
},
{
"word": "ab wheel"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, H. Peter Steeves, The Things Themselves, page 75",
"text": "The bikinied models in most of the ESPN2 shows have abs. Many of the malnourished bikinied models in the commercials have visible rib cages. How did the two get conflated into a shared vision of beauty?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Bill Geiger, \"6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks\", Reps! 17:106",
"text": "When possible, do your ab workout on a day when you're not training a major muscle group […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"abdominal muscle."
],
"id": "en-ab-en-noun-7QJPDslM",
"links": [
[
"abdominal muscle",
"abdominal muscle"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) abdominal muscle."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùjī",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "腹肌"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "ventromuskolo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "vatsalihas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abdo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Bauchmuskeln"
},
{
"alt": "ふっきん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fukkin",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "腹筋"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mięsień prosty brzucha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "press",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пресс"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "múi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "múi cơ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "cơ bụng"
}
]
}
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"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
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{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of abscess.",
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{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin."
],
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[
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],
[
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"heroin"
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"(slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
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{
"form": "abs",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abbed",
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"form": "abbed",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Climbing",
"orig": "en:Climbing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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"_dis": "20 20 11 30 20",
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{
"ref": "1998, Climbing, numbers 178-180, page 22",
"text": "I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.",
"type": "quotation"
}
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"glosses": [
"To abseil."
],
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[
"abseil",
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],
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"(climbing, informal) To abseil."
],
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"informal"
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"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
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]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abort"
}
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"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of abort."
],
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[
"abort",
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"Abbreviation of abortion."
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{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From the spelling books and the fact that it was the first of the letter combinations.",
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{
"form": "abs",
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"The early stages of; the beginning process; the start."
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"(US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start."
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],
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian آب (āb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"tags": [
"plural"
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},
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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"form": "ab",
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"form": "ablar",
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"form": "abı",
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"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
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"form": "abları",
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"form": "aba",
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"singular"
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"form": "ablara",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "abda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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{
"form": "abım",
"source": "declension",
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"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "ablarım",
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"tags": [
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"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "abın",
"source": "declension",
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"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "abların",
"source": "declension",
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"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "abı",
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"nominative",
"possessed-single",
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"singular",
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"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)",
"name": "az-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "c"
},
"name": "az-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Azerbaijani",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-ab-az-noun-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"Classical Azerbaijani",
"Classical Azerbaijani"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Azerbaijani) water"
],
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"climate",
"meteorology",
"climatology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "ab-hava"
},
{
"english": "sky-blue",
"word": "abı"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "su"
}
],
"tags": [
"Azerbaijani",
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɑb]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zardabi Bakuvi-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-ab.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-ab.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "beu",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Blagar",
"lang_code": "beu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Blagar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"id": "en-ab-beu-noun-tHSpmicF",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "amb"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of amb."
],
"id": "en-ab-ca-prep-Kuhpyj5e",
"links": [
[
"amb",
"amb#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "Before a voiced consonant or a vowel"
},
{
"ipa": "/aβ/",
"note": "Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "fa",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Persian [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Persian [Term?]",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "crh-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "crh-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Crimean Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-ab-crh-noun-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suv"
},
{
"word": "su"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "of, from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“of, from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“of, from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ex (out of, sold from)"
],
"id": "en-ab-da-prep-vtR4ISgl",
"links": [
[
"ex",
"ex"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from (with the origin in time)"
],
"id": "en-ab-da-prep-0~3Z1Ncv",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɑb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See abe (“to ape, mimic”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 17 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of abe"
],
"id": "en-ab-da-verb-Z46LHGFq",
"links": [
[
"abe",
"abe#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːb/"
},
{
"ipa": "[æːˀb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Central German particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian East Central German",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negative particle, do not"
],
"id": "en-ab-gmw-ecg-particle-2uM2nOht",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian) negative particle, do not"
],
"tags": [
"Silesian"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*ab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ab-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "авах"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian авах (avax)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *ab-, compare Mongolian авах (avax).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Yugur",
"lang_code": "yuy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Yugur entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you tell a lie I will skin you [take your skin].",
"text": "Ci ghudal kelese bu cini arasini xuulj' abqu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"id": "en-ab-yuy-verb-TuaAS407",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abqʰə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[aβqʰə]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ab [with dative]",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 1 14 3 0 2 0 3 1 3 3 20 0 3 1 7 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 2 1 11 0 0 0 0 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab und zu"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Available from today.",
"text": "Ab heute verfügbar.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning at that time or location; from"
],
"id": "en-ab-de-prep-ayXCrcvg",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑp/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑb̥/",
"note": "Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ap"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From adverbial use of the prefix ab- in verbs such as abschlagen, abgehen etc. Compare English off.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl.predonly"
},
"expansion": "ab (indeclinable, predicative only)",
"name": "de-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl.predonly"
},
"name": "de-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abseits"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The arm is (hewn) off.",
"text": "Der Arm ist ab.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"id": "en-ab-de-adj-FfDnu~Jf",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, predicative only) off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indeclinable",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.",
"text": "Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"id": "en-ab-de-adj-FfDnu~Jf1",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"indeclinable",
"nonstandard",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑp/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑb̥/",
"note": "Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ap"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (first-person possessive abku, second-person possessive abmu, third-person possessive abnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"small pot"
],
"id": "en-ab-id-noun-gU524B7U"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father (aba)"
],
"id": "en-ab-id-noun-UpiphlaI",
"links": [
[
"aba",
"aba"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) father (aba)"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"id": "en-ab-ia-prep-dYV6RYmZ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "la",
"3": "abbas",
"t": "father"
},
"expansion": "Latin abbas (“father”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀββᾶς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "arc",
"3": "אַבָּא",
"t": "father",
"tr": "’abbā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an t-ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na habaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an aba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na n-abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na habaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "abaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "aba",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~a",
"3": "~aí"
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "b",
"3": "ba",
"4": "baí"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m3"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ga:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Monasticism",
"orig": "ga:Monasticism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "ring finger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mac an aba"
},
{
"english": "the next in rank to the abbot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tánaiste an aba"
},
{
"english": "lord abbot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiarna aba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abbot"
],
"id": "en-ab-ga-noun-QIJ12JW6",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"abbot",
"abbot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) abbot"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abˠ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Contraction of the relative particle a and the prevocalic variant of the past/conditional copula particle b’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "hab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "t-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-t"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msn"
},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "used in relative clauses before a vowel sound",
"word": "ba"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was a good man.",
"text": "Fear maith ab ea é.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a boy (who was) taller than my brother",
"text": "buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound)."
],
"id": "en-ab-ga-particle-ICB6ZDhl",
"links": [
[
"ba",
"ba#Irish"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Main clauses"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "ní"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "nach"
},
{
"word": "Direct relative clauses"
},
{
"word": "Indirect relative clauses"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "arbv"
},
{
"word": "Other subordinate clauses"
},
{
"word": "gur"
},
{
"word": "gurbv"
},
{
"word": "ba"
},
{
"word": "b’v"
},
{
"word": "níor"
},
{
"word": "níorbhv"
},
{
"word": "arbhv"
},
{
"word": "nár"
},
{
"word": "nárbhv"
},
{
"word": "abv"
},
{
"word": "gurbhv"
},
{
"word": "gura"
},
{
"word": "gurabv"
},
{
"word": "nára"
},
{
"word": "nárabv"
},
{
"word": "Simple copular forms"
},
{
"word": "cá"
},
{
"word": "cár"
},
{
"word": "cárbv"
},
{
"word": "cárbhv"
},
{
"word": "cé"
},
{
"word": "cér"
},
{
"word": "cérbv"
},
{
"word": "cérbhv"
},
{
"word": "dá"
},
{
"word": "dá mba"
},
{
"word": "dá mb’v"
},
{
"word": "de/do"
},
{
"word": "dar"
},
{
"word": "darbv"
},
{
"word": "darbhv"
},
{
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"word": "faoinar"
},
{
"word": "faoinarbv"
},
{
"word": "faoinarbhv"
},
{
"word": "i"
},
{
"word": "inar"
},
{
"word": "inarbv"
},
{
"word": "inarbhv"
},
{
"word": "le"
},
{
"word": "lenar"
},
{
"word": "lenarbv"
},
{
"word": "lenarbhv"
},
{
"word": "má"
},
{
"word": "más"
},
{
"word": "má ba"
},
{
"word": "má b’v"
},
{
"word": "mura"
},
{
"word": "murabv"
},
{
"word": "murar"
},
{
"word": "murarbhv"
},
{
"english": "prep.",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"word": "ónar"
},
{
"word": "ónarbv"
},
{
"word": "ónarbhv"
},
{
"roman": "conj.",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"word": "ós"
},
{
"word": "ó ba"
},
{
"word": "ó b’v"
},
{
"word": "trí"
},
{
"word": "trínar"
},
{
"word": "trínarbv"
},
{
"word": "trínarbhv"
},
{
"word": "Compound copular forms"
},
{
"word": "v Used before vowel sounds"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əbˠ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "quc",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "K'iche'",
"lang_code": "quc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 9 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "K'iche' entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hammock"
],
"id": "en-ab-quc-noun-f95NrQIp",
"links": [
[
"hammock",
"hammock"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"id": "en-ab-quc-noun-Px8pREwJ",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 9 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "K'iche' entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mist"
],
"id": "en-ab-quc-noun-kFSWbz3w",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːɓ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bmh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kein",
"lang_code": "bmh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kein entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"id": "en-ab-bmh-noun-3J8osS3R",
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a",
"3": "ab",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "ab (+ ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abhinc"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
"roman": "The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.",
"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"from, away from, out of"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-V9fPOdi~",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down from"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-e6J3dqjX",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): down from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-3v2bEkLz",
"links": [
[
"agency",
"agency"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating agency"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep--vl7CpI0",
"links": [
[
"instrumentality",
"instrumentality"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating instrumentality"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.",
"roman": "Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.",
"text": "Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-nQumxTJ6",
"links": [
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating association): to, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating association"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at, on, in"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-5tGcRd-w",
"links": [
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating location): at, on, in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating location"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 20 20 10 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Ablative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 24 25 0 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 17 17 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"id": "en-ab-la-prep-g9RJuVJe",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(time) after, since"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "not used before a vowel or h",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "exclusively used before the pronoun te",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "abs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "af"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"id": "en-ab-lv-conj-cXVRejcL",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vai"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"around"
],
"id": "en-ab-lv-prep-pKAMhA~D",
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) around"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ap"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "a'b",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "liv-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abḑi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abkõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "absõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abstõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abšti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "a'b"
},
"expansion": "a'b",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "liv",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "liv:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian words with broken tone",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Livonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "recoiled, flinched (lit. \"head is drawn in shoulders\")",
"roman": "pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd",
"text": "Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
"id": "en-ab-liv-noun-ifRdTIFy",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"shoulder",
"shoulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) shoulder"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"help"
],
"id": "en-ab-liv-noun-EGpYQvxf",
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑb/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "abha",
"3": "abhainn"
},
"expansion": "Irish: abha, abhainn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: abha, abhainn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "awin"
},
"expansion": "Manx: awin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: awin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "abhainn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: abhainn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: abhainn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "aub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish aub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*abū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *abū",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "aba",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ab f (genitive aba)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "b"
},
"name": "mga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"id": "en-ab-mga-noun-X1qO2PE5",
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aband"
},
{
"word": "abann"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "gross, tasteless",
"word": "abgeschmackt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "grossness, tastelessness",
"word": "abgeschmackthet"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from"
},
"expansion": "German ab (“from”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab (“of”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab",
"4": "",
"5": "away, away from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German ab (“from”), from Middle High German ab, from Old High German ab (“of”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "nb:Economics",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "from Frankfurt",
"text": "ab Frankfurt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "from inventory",
"text": "ab varelager",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "from factory",
"text": "ab fabrikk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense"
],
"id": "en-ab-nb-prep-YDHjBqDy",
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "nb:Economics",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "as of May",
"text": "ab mai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as of"
],
"id": "en-ab-nb-prep-YAl-e4cm",
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"as of",
"as of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics, obsolete) as of"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
},
{
"audio": "NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ab».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from, away from, on, in"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧b",
"ab"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)"
],
"id": "en-ab-nb-prep-R1wj65E0",
"links": [
[
"ab ovo",
"ab ovo#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑːbə/",
"tags": [
"modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑˈbeː/",
"note": "older"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːbə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eː"
},
{
"audio": "nb-ab1.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Nb-ab1.ogg/Nb-ab1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Nb-ab1.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "nb-ab2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Nb-ab2.ogg/Nb-ab2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Nb-ab2.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑːb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
},
{
"audio": "NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ab».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "av",
"3": "betale"
},
"expansion": "av + betale",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "af",
"4": "",
"5": "of, from, off, by"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab",
"4": "",
"5": "away from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "betalen",
"4": "",
"5": "of, from, off, by"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”), verbal noun form of avbetale (“to pay off”), a compound of av + betale, first part av (“of, from, by, off”), from Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + second part betale (“pay, purchase”), from Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”), last part is the suffix -ing (“-ing”), from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "installment",
"word": "avbetaling"
}
],
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab-kjøp"
},
{
"word": "ab-kontrakt"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "furniture and washing machine on installments",
"ref": "1974, Kari Bakke, Gråspurven, page 22",
"text": "møbler og vaskemaskin på AB",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”)."
],
"id": "en-ab-nb-noun-XK9Wew0P",
"links": [
[
"avbetaling",
"avbetaling#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”)."
],
"related": [
{
"english": "pay in installments",
"word": "avbetale"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
},
{
"audio": "NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ab».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guardiol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"id": "en-ab-oc-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"Guardiol",
"Guardiol"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Guardiol) with"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amb"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gascon"
],
"word": "dab"
},
{
"tags": [
"Aranese",
"Gascon"
],
"word": "damb"
},
{
"tags": [
"Provençal"
],
"word": "ambé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Niçard",
"Provençal"
],
"word": "embé"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "apud"
},
"expansion": "Latin apud",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of Latin apud.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"id": "en-ab-fro-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(10th century) with"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods",
"word": "avoec"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ab"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *ab.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "goh-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of"
],
"id": "en-ab-goh-prep-KDkdO8ZO",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "amb"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: amb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: amb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "amb"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: amb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: amb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "apud"
},
"expansion": "Latin apud",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of Latin apud",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Occitan prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[That] you couldn't buy with a thousand pounds of silver.",
"ref": "c. 1000, unknown, Lo Poèma de Boecis",
"text": "Non comprarias ab mil liuras d’argent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"id": "en-ab-pro-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prk",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Parauk",
"lang_code": "prk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parauk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parauk terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give, hand over."
],
"id": "en-ab-prk-verb-fJNrYbdI",
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German ab",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Dutch af",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German ab, Dutch af, English off.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"id": "en-ab-pdc-prep-tNxm3egG",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pennsylvania German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 41 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pennsylvania German prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"id": "en-ab-pdc-prep-dYV6RYmZ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away"
],
"id": "en-ab-pdc-prep-N4zlap0U",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pumpokol",
"lang_code": "xpm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pumpokol entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "xpm",
"name": "Male family members",
"orig": "xpm:Male family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Male people",
"Family",
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"id": "en-ab-xpm-noun-iKGIHwAl",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hobble"
},
"expansion": "English hobble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hobbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "happe",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Danish happe (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "jabba",
"3": "",
"4": "to stammer"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "happla",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Swedish happla (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "abs",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Orkney Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"impediment, hindrance, objection."
],
"id": "en-ab-sco-noun-E4q7KfKc",
"links": [
[
"impediment",
"impediment"
],
[
"hindrance",
"hindrance"
],
[
"objection",
"objection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Orkney) impediment, hindrance, objection."
],
"tags": [
"Orkney"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hobble"
},
"expansion": "English hobble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hobbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "happe",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Danish happe (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "jabba",
"3": "",
"4": "to stammer"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "happla",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Swedish happla (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past",
"4": "abed"
},
"expansion": "ab (simple past abed)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Orkney Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hinder"
],
"id": "en-ab-sco-verb-dUGYAHGv",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Orkney) to hinder"
],
"tags": [
"Orkney"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abachan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "aba",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "plural",
"18": "abachan",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "{{{pl4}}}",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "genitive singular",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "dat|s",
"f2accel-form": "dat|s",
"f3accel-form": "dat|s",
"f4accel-form": "gen|s",
"f5accel-form": "gen|s",
"f6accel-form": "gen|s",
"f7accel-form": "p",
"f8accel-form": "p",
"f9accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gen": "aba",
"pl": "abachan"
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)",
"name": "gd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "aba"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of aba"
],
"id": "en-ab-gd-noun-oy2m9Ccf",
"links": [
[
"aba",
"aba#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ab",
"word": "𒀊"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)"
],
"id": "en-ab-sux-romanization-84hKXyPK",
"links": [
[
"𒀊",
"𒀊#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ab",
"word": "𒀖"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒀖 (ab)"
],
"id": "en-ab-sux-romanization-elWK66Fr",
"links": [
[
"𒀖",
"𒀖#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ep-",
"id": "water"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "peo",
"4": "ira-pro",
"5": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "آب",
"t": "water",
"tr": "āb"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fa",
"3": "آب",
"tr": "âb"
},
"expansion": "Persian آب (âb)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”), from Persian آب (âb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "abı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "ablar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-ab-tr-noun-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, poetic) water"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "âb"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "de",
"3": "aber",
"gloss": "but"
},
"expansion": "German aber (“but”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German aber (“but”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"id": "en-ab-vo-conj-zcKZN4hx",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ach"
},
{
"word": "ferch"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A patronymic indicator; son of."
],
"id": "en-ab-cy-prefix-OKar1co4",
"links": [
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic"
],
[
"son",
"son"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wo",
"2": "article"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"pos": "article",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wolof articles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wolof entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a/an (singular indefinite article)"
],
"id": "en-ab-wo-article-Vs6kSyns",
"links": [
[
"a",
"a"
],
[
"an",
"an"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "*ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 73 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"away from, off of [with dative]",
"away from, off of"
],
"id": "en-ab-gem-pro-prep-XvSCKRIB",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"away from, off of [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of [with dative]",
"of"
],
"id": "en-ab-gem-pro-prep-se588Pgf",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"of [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑβ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "af"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "afa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ab",
"alt": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a), *af(a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ob",
"3": "æf",
"4": "af",
"5": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ob, æf, af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ob, æf, af, of"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "of",
"3": "off"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: of, off",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: of, off"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "of",
"3": "off",
"4": "af",
"5": "aff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: of, off, af, aff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: of, off, af, aff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "of",
"3": "off"
},
"expansion": "English: of, off",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: of, off"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "af",
"3": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: af, of"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "oawe",
"3": "ou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "af",
"3": "ôf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: af, ôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: af, ôf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: af"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "af",
"3": "of"
},
"expansion": "Low German: af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: af, of"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "auf"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: auf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: auf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ava",
"3": "af-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ava, af-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ava, af-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ave",
"3": "af"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ave, af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ave, af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: af (but also ave- in averechts)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "aaf",
"3": "aof"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: aaf, aof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: aaf, aof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish: of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Flemish: of"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "aba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: aba",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rarely"
},
"expansion": "(rarely)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: aba; (rarely) ab; (northern) ava, af"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "abe",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: abe, ab",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: abe, ab; (northern) ave, af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ab"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: of"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אָפּ"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: אָפּ (op)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: אָפּ (op)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚨᛒ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: af\nIcelandic: af\nFaroese: av\nNorn: av\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: af, āf, aff\nSwedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)\nDanish: af\nNorwegian Bokmål: av",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: af\nIcelandic: af\nFaroese: av\nNorn: av\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: af, āf, aff\nSwedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)\nDanish: af\nNorwegian Bokmål: av"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍆"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"away"
],
"id": "en-ab-gem-pro-adv-N4zlap0U",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑβ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "af"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "afa"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "آب"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian آب (āb)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian آب (āb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarımızın",
"source": "declension",
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"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abınızın",
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"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarının",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"1": "a",
"2": "c"
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],
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"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"climate",
"meteorology",
"climatology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "ab-hava"
},
{
"english": "sky-blue",
"word": "abı"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"Azerbaijani lemmas",
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"Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Azerbaijani terms derived from Classical Persian",
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"Azerbaijani terms with audio links",
"Classical Azerbaijani",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Azerbaijani",
"Classical Azerbaijani"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Azerbaijani) water"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "su"
}
],
"tags": [
"Azerbaijani",
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɑb]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zardabi Bakuvi-ab.wav",
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],
"word": "ab"
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{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
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{
"categories": [
"Blagar entries with incorrect language header",
"Blagar lemmas",
"Blagar nouns",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "preposition"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
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"pos": "prep",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "amb"
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],
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],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of amb."
],
"links": [
[
"amb",
"amb#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/"
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{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "Before a voiced consonant or a vowel"
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{
"ipa": "/aβ/",
"note": "Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "fa",
"3": ""
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"expansion": "Persian [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
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],
"etymology_text": "Persian [Term?]",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "crh-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
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"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abnıñ",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ablardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "crh-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"Crimean Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
"Crimean Tatar lemmas",
"Crimean Tatar nouns",
"Crimean Tatar terms borrowed from Persian",
"Crimean Tatar terms derived from Persian",
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"Persian term requests"
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suv"
},
{
"word": "su"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish prepositions",
"Danish terms derived from Latin",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Danish verb forms",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "of, from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“of, from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“of, from”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "preposition"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"ex (out of, sold from)"
],
"links": [
[
"ex",
"ex"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from (with the origin in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ab/"
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{
"ipa": "[ɑb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
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"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Danish verb forms",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See abe (“to ape, mimic”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abe"
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"glosses": [
"imperative of abe"
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[
"abe",
"abe#Danish"
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],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːb/"
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{
"ipa": "[æːˀb̥]"
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],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "particle"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
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],
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"East Central German lemmas",
"East Central German particles",
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"Silesian East Central German"
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"glosses": [
"negative particle, do not"
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"Silesian"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*ab-"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "авах"
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"expansion": "Mongolian авах (avax)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ab",
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],
"lang": "East Yugur",
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{
"categories": [
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"East Yugur lemmas",
"East Yugur terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"East Yugur terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic",
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"East Yugur terms with usage examples",
"East Yugur verbs",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you tell a lie I will skin you [take your skin].",
"text": "Ci ghudal kelese bu cini arasini xuulj' abqu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abqʰə/"
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{
"ipa": "[aβqʰə]"
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],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab roller"
},
{
"word": "ab roller wheel"
},
{
"word": "ab wheel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of abdominal muscles.",
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{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, H. Peter Steeves, The Things Themselves, page 75",
"text": "The bikinied models in most of the ESPN2 shows have abs. Many of the malnourished bikinied models in the commercials have visible rib cages. How did the two get conflated into a shared vision of beauty?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Bill Geiger, \"6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks\", Reps! 17:106",
"text": "When possible, do your ab workout on a day when you're not training a major muscle group […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"abdominal muscle."
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"links": [
[
"abdominal muscle",
"abdominal muscle"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) abdominal muscle."
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"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
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{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùjī",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "腹肌"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "ventromuskolo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "vatsalihas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abdo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Bauchmuskeln"
},
{
"alt": "ふっきん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fukkin",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "腹筋"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mięsień prosty brzucha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "press",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пресс"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "múi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "múi cơ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "abdominal muscle",
"word": "cơ bụng"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of abscess.",
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{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin."
],
"links": [
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
],
[
"heroin",
"heroin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
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],
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"word": "ab"
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{
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"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
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"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Climbing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Climbing, numbers 178-180, page 22",
"text": "I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abseil."
],
"links": [
[
"climbing",
"climbing#Noun"
],
[
"abseil",
"abseil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(climbing, informal) To abseil."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"climbing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abort"
}
],
"categories": [
"English abbreviations"
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of abort."
],
"links": [
[
"abort",
"abort#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
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],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English prepositions",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviations.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abortion"
}
],
"categories": [
"English abbreviations"
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of abortion."
],
"links": [
[
"abortion",
"abortion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English prepositions",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviations.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "en-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "about"
}
],
"categories": [
"English abbreviations"
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of about."
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English prepositions",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviations.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "about"
}
],
"categories": [
"English abbreviations"
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of about."
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:English/æb",
"Rhymes:English/æb/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From the spelling books and the fact that it was the first of the letter combinations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English"
],
"glosses": [
"The early stages of; the beginning process; the start."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æb"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ab"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German adjectives",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prepositions",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:German/ap",
"Rhymes:German/ap/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab und zu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ab [with dative]",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Available from today.",
"text": "Ab heute verfügbar.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning at that time or location; from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑp/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑb̥/",
"note": "Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ap"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German adjectives",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Rhymes:German/ap",
"Rhymes:German/ap/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From adverbial use of the prefix ab- in verbs such as abschlagen, abgehen etc. Compare English off.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl.predonly"
},
"expansion": "ab (indeclinable, predicative only)",
"name": "de-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl.predonly"
},
"name": "de-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "abseits"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The arm is (hewn) off.",
"text": "Der Arm ist ab.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, predicative only) off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indeclinable",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German nonstandard terms",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.",
"text": "Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore"
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"indeclinable",
"nonstandard",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑp/",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑb̥/",
"note": "Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ap"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "abku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "abmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (first-person possessive abku, second-person possessive abmu, third-person possessive abnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"small pot"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father (aba)"
],
"links": [
[
"aba",
"aba"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) father (aba)"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua prepositions",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish particles",
"Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Irish terms derived from Aramaic",
"Irish terms derived from Latin",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Irish third-declension nouns",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"ga:Monasticism"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "ring finger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mac an aba"
},
{
"english": "the next in rank to the abbot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tánaiste an aba"
},
{
"english": "lord abbot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiarna aba"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "la",
"3": "abbas",
"t": "father"
},
"expansion": "Latin abbas (“father”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀββᾶς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "arc",
"3": "אַבָּא",
"t": "father",
"tr": "’abbā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an t-ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na habaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an aba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na n-abaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na habaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "abaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "aba",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~a",
"3": "~aí"
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "b",
"3": "ba",
"4": "baí"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m3"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ga:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"abbot"
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"abbot",
"abbot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) abbot"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abˠ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish particles",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"ga:Monasticism"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Contraction of the relative particle a and the prevocalic variant of the past/conditional copula particle b’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "hab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "t-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-t"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msn"
},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "Main clauses"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "ní"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "nach"
},
{
"word": "Direct relative clauses"
},
{
"word": "Indirect relative clauses"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "arbv"
},
{
"word": "Other subordinate clauses"
},
{
"word": "gur"
},
{
"word": "gurbv"
},
{
"word": "ba"
},
{
"word": "b’v"
},
{
"word": "níor"
},
{
"word": "níorbhv"
},
{
"word": "arbhv"
},
{
"word": "nár"
},
{
"word": "nárbhv"
},
{
"word": "abv"
},
{
"word": "gurbhv"
},
{
"word": "gura"
},
{
"word": "gurabv"
},
{
"word": "nára"
},
{
"word": "nárabv"
},
{
"word": "Simple copular forms"
},
{
"word": "cá"
},
{
"word": "cár"
},
{
"word": "cárbv"
},
{
"word": "cárbhv"
},
{
"word": "cé"
},
{
"word": "cér"
},
{
"word": "cérbv"
},
{
"word": "cérbhv"
},
{
"word": "dá"
},
{
"word": "dá mba"
},
{
"word": "dá mb’v"
},
{
"word": "de/do"
},
{
"word": "dar"
},
{
"word": "darbv"
},
{
"word": "darbhv"
},
{
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"word": "faoinar"
},
{
"word": "faoinarbv"
},
{
"word": "faoinarbhv"
},
{
"word": "i"
},
{
"word": "inar"
},
{
"word": "inarbv"
},
{
"word": "inarbhv"
},
{
"word": "le"
},
{
"word": "lenar"
},
{
"word": "lenarbv"
},
{
"word": "lenarbhv"
},
{
"word": "má"
},
{
"word": "más"
},
{
"word": "má ba"
},
{
"word": "má b’v"
},
{
"word": "mura"
},
{
"word": "murabv"
},
{
"word": "murar"
},
{
"word": "murarbhv"
},
{
"english": "prep.",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"word": "ónar"
},
{
"word": "ónarbv"
},
{
"word": "ónarbhv"
},
{
"roman": "conj.",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"word": "ós"
},
{
"word": "ó ba"
},
{
"word": "ó b’v"
},
{
"word": "trí"
},
{
"word": "trínar"
},
{
"word": "trínarbv"
},
{
"word": "trínarbhv"
},
{
"word": "Compound copular forms"
},
{
"word": "v Used before vowel sounds"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "used in relative clauses before a vowel sound",
"word": "ba"
}
],
"categories": [
"Irish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was a good man.",
"text": "Fear maith ab ea é.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a boy (who was) taller than my brother",
"text": "buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound)."
],
"links": [
[
"ba",
"ba#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əbˠ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"K'iche' entries with incorrect language header",
"K'iche' lemmas",
"K'iche' nouns",
"K'iche' terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "quc",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "K'iche'",
"lang_code": "quc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hammock"
],
"links": [
[
"hammock",
"hammock"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mist"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːɓ/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bmh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kein",
"lang_code": "bmh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kein entries with incorrect language header",
"Kein lemmas",
"Kein nouns",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin ablative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a",
"3": "ab",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an example of regular voicing of plosives in word-final position, as in fēced < *fēcet, a sound change that some reconstruct at the common Italic stage. Others explain -b here as the result of analogical extension from clusters ending in a voiced consonant. The form ap- is attested in composition in Latin aperiō and Umbrian 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌓𐌄 (apehtre).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "ab (+ ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "abhinc"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1",
"roman": "The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.",
"text": "Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"from, away from, out of"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"down from"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating ablation): down from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating ablation"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king is saluted by his men.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4",
"text": "Rex ab suis appellatur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"links": [
[
"agency",
"agency"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating agency"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92",
"text": "Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"links": [
[
"instrumentality",
"instrumentality"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating instrumentality"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.",
"roman": "Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.",
"text": "Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, with"
],
"links": [
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating association): to, with"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating association"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at, on, in"
],
"links": [
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating location): at, on, in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating location"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"after, since"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(time) after, since"
],
"tags": [
"with-ablative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äb]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "not used before a vowel or h",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"english": "exclusively used before the pronoun te",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "abs"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "af"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian prepositions",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) or"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vai"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian prepositions",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"around"
],
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) around"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ap"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian nouns",
"Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Livonian words with broken tone",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Terms with Livonian translations"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "a'b",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "liv-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abḑi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abkõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abbõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "absõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abstõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abšti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "a'b"
},
"expansion": "a'b",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"liv:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "recoiled, flinched (lit. \"head is drawn in shoulders\")",
"roman": "pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd",
"text": "Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"shoulder",
"shoulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) shoulder"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"help"
],
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑb/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "abha",
"3": "abhainn"
},
"expansion": "Irish: abha, abhainn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: abha, abhainn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "awin"
},
"expansion": "Manx: awin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: awin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "abhainn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: abhainn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: abhainn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "aub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish aub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*abū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *abū",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ab",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "aba",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ab f (genitive aba)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "b"
},
"name": "mga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Irish feminine nouns",
"Middle Irish lemmas",
"Middle Irish nouns",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aband"
},
{
"word": "abann"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "gross, tasteless",
"word": "abgeschmackt"
},
{
"english": "grossness, tastelessness",
"word": "abgeschmackthet"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from"
},
"expansion": "German ab (“from”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab (“of”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab",
"4": "",
"5": "away, away from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German ab (“from”), from Middle High German ab, from Old High German ab (“of”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).",
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{
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],
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"pos": "prep",
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{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Economics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "from Frankfurt",
"text": "ab Frankfurt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "from inventory",
"text": "ab varelager",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "from factory",
"text": "ab fabrikk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense"
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with obsolete senses",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Economics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "as of May",
"text": "ab mai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as of"
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"as of",
"as of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics, obsolete) as of"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
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{
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],
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"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
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{
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"5": "from, away from, on, in"
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ab",
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},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "preposition"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"ab"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
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"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ab ovo",
"ab ovo#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑːbə/",
"tags": [
"modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑˈbeː/",
"note": "older"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːbə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eː"
},
{
"audio": "nb-ab1.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Nb-ab1.ogg/Nb-ab1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Nb-ab1.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "nb-ab2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Nb-ab2.ogg/Nb-ab2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Nb-ab2.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɑːb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
},
{
"audio": "NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ab».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg"
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],
"wikipedia": [
"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ab-kjøp"
},
{
"word": "ab-kontrakt"
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],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "av",
"3": "betale"
},
"expansion": "av + betale",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
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"5": "of, from, off, by"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab",
"4": "",
"5": "away from"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "betalen",
"4": "",
"5": "of, from, off, by"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”), verbal noun form of avbetale (“to pay off”), a compound of av + betale, first part av (“of, from, by, off”), from Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + second part betale (“pay, purchase”), from Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”), last part is the suffix -ing (“-ing”), from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "pay in installments",
"word": "avbetale"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "installment",
"word": "avbetaling"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål abbreviations",
"Norwegian Bokmål colloquialisms",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "furniture and washing machine on installments",
"ref": "1974, Kari Bakke, Gråspurven, page 22",
"text": "møbler og vaskemaskin på AB",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”)."
],
"links": [
[
"avbetaling",
"avbetaling#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːb"
},
{
"audio": "NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ab».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/NB_-_Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABab%C2%BB.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nb:AB"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Guardiol",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan prepositions",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"links": [
[
"Guardiol",
"Guardiol"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Guardiol) with"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amb"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gascon"
],
"word": "dab"
},
{
"tags": [
"Aranese",
"Gascon"
],
"word": "damb"
},
{
"tags": [
"Provençal"
],
"word": "ambé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Niçard",
"Provençal"
],
"word": "embé"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "apud"
},
"expansion": "Latin apud",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of Latin apud.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Old French lemmas",
"Old French prepositions",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(10th century) with"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods",
"word": "avoec"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ab"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *ab.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "goh-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German prepositions",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"glosses": [
"of"
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "amb"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: amb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: amb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "amb"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: amb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: amb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "apud"
},
"expansion": "Latin apud",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of Latin apud",
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{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Occitan lemmas",
"Old Occitan prepositions",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Old Occitan terms with quotations",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[That] you couldn't buy with a thousand pounds of silver.",
"ref": "c. 1000, unknown, Lo Poèma de Boecis",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prk",
"2": "verb"
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"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Parauk",
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Parauk entries with incorrect language header",
"Parauk lemmas",
"Parauk terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Parauk terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Parauk verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to give, hand over."
],
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Pennsylvania German entries with incorrect language header",
"Pennsylvania German lemmas",
"Pennsylvania German prepositions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German ab",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Dutch af",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German ab, Dutch af, English off.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "*ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"away from, off of [with dative]",
"away from, off of"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"away from, off of [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of [with dative]",
"of"
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"of [with dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑβ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aba"
},
{
"word": "af"
},
{
"word": "afa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ab",
"alt": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a), *af(a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ob",
"3": "æf",
"4": "af",
"5": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ob, æf, af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ob, æf, af, of"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "of",
"3": "off"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: of, off",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: of, off"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "of",
"3": "off",
"4": "af",
"5": "aff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: of, off, af, aff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: of, off, af, aff"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "of",
"3": "off"
},
"expansion": "English: of, off",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: of, off"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "af",
"3": "of"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: af, of"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "oawe",
"3": "ou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "af",
"3": "ôf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: af, ôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: af, ôf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: af"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "af",
"3": "of"
},
"expansion": "Low German: af, of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: af, of"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "auf"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: auf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: auf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ava",
"3": "af-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: ava, af-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: ava, af-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ave",
"3": "af"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ave, af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ave, af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: af",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: af (but also ave- in averechts)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "aaf",
"3": "aof"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: aaf, aof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: aaf, aof"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish: of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Flemish: of"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "aba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: aba",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rarely"
},
"expansion": "(rarely)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: aba; (rarely) ab; (northern) ava, af"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "abe",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: abe, ab",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: abe, ab; (northern) ave, af"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "German: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: ab"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ab"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: of",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: of"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אָפּ"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: אָפּ (op)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: אָפּ (op)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚨᛒ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "af"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: af\nIcelandic: af\nFaroese: av\nNorn: av\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: af, āf, aff\nSwedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)\nDanish: af\nNorwegian Bokmål: av",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: af\nIcelandic: af\nFaroese: av\nNorn: av\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: af, āf, aff\nSwedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)\nDanish: af\nNorwegian Bokmål: av"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍆"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"away"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑβ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aba"
},
{
"word": "af"
},
{
"word": "afa"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pumpokol",
"lang_code": "xpm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Pumpokol entries with incorrect language header",
"Pumpokol lemmas",
"Pumpokol nouns",
"xpm:Male family members"
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Scots terms with unknown etymologies",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hobble"
},
"expansion": "English hobble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hobbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "happe",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Danish happe (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "jabba",
"3": "",
"4": "to stammer"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "happla",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Swedish happla (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "abs",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab (plural abs)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Orkney Scots"
],
"glosses": [
"impediment, hindrance, objection."
],
"links": [
[
"impediment",
"impediment"
],
[
"hindrance",
"hindrance"
],
[
"objection",
"objection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Orkney) impediment, hindrance, objection."
],
"tags": [
"Orkney"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Scots terms with unknown etymologies",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hobble"
},
"expansion": "English hobble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hobbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "happe",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Danish happe (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "jabba",
"3": "",
"4": "to stammer"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "happla",
"3": "",
"4": "to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Swedish happla (“to stutter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past",
"4": "abed"
},
"expansion": "ab (simple past abed)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Orkney Scots"
],
"glosses": [
"to hinder"
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Orkney) to hinder"
],
"tags": [
"Orkney"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "aba",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abachan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "aba",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "plural",
"18": "abachan",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "{{{pl4}}}",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "genitive singular",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "dat|s",
"f2accel-form": "dat|s",
"f3accel-form": "dat|s",
"f4accel-form": "gen|s",
"f5accel-form": "gen|s",
"f6accel-form": "gen|s",
"f7accel-form": "p",
"f8accel-form": "p",
"f9accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gen": "aba",
"pl": "abachan"
},
"expansion": "ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)",
"name": "gd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "aba"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns",
"Scottish Gaelic nouns",
"gd-noun 2"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of aba"
],
"links": [
[
"aba",
"aba#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sumerian non-lemma forms",
"Sumerian romanizations"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ab",
"word": "𒀊"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)"
],
"links": [
[
"𒀊",
"𒀊#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ab",
"word": "𒀖"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒀖 (ab)"
],
"links": [
[
"𒀖",
"𒀖#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-1",
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz."
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ep-",
"id": "water"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "pal",
"3": "peo",
"4": "ira-pro",
"5": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "آب",
"t": "water",
"tr": "āb"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fa",
"3": "آب",
"tr": "âb"
},
"expansion": "Persian آب (âb)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”), from Persian آب (âb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ablar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "abı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "ablar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish poetic terms",
"Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Persian",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Persian",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Turkish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ep- (water)",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms with audio links",
"Turkish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, poetic) water"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-ab.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-ab.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "âb"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "de",
"3": "aber",
"gloss": "but"
},
"expansion": "German aber (“but”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German aber (“but”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Volapük conjunctions",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük terms borrowed from German",
"Volapük terms derived from German"
],
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ach"
},
{
"word": "ferch"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"A patronymic indicator; son of."
],
"links": [
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic"
],
[
"son",
"son"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wo",
"2": "article"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"pos": "article",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Wolof articles",
"Wolof entries with incorrect language header",
"Wolof lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"a/an (singular indefinite article)"
],
"links": [
[
"a",
"a"
],
[
"an",
"an"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aib",
"2": "fa",
"3": "آب",
"tr": "âb"
},
"expansion": "Persian آب (âb)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Persian آب (âb).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aib",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Äynu",
"lang_code": "aib",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
"Äynu entries with incorrect language header",
"Äynu lemmas",
"Äynu nouns",
"Äynu terms borrowed from Persian",
"Äynu terms derived from Persian",
"Äynu terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑb/"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "East Central German",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "East Central German",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ab [with dative]' in 'ab [with dative]'",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms:",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article:",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Guardiol",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Occitan",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Guardiol",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "Occitan",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "info_templates: 78",
"msg": "INFO-TEMPLATES: `Template:+obj` expansion does not match regex: <templatestyles src=\"Module:object usage/style.css\" />[''with'' <span class='object-usage-tag'>[[Appendix:Glossary#dative_case|dative]]</span>]",
"path": [
"ab"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "ab",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.