See ab in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "shoulder"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "abu",
"3": "",
"4": "shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Estonian abu (“shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare dialectal Estonian abu (“shoulder”) (islands' dialect).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a’b",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bḑi",
"links": [
[
"a’bḑi",
"abḑi#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõn",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõn",
"abbõn#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bkõks",
"links": [
[
"a’bkõks",
"abkõks#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
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"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bži",
"links": [
[
"a’bži",
"abži#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bsõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bsõ",
"absõ#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bši",
"links": [
[
"a’bši",
"abši#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bstõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bstõ",
"abstõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bšti",
"links": [
[
"a’bšti",
"abšti#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "a'b"
},
"expansion": "a’b",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "72",
"2": "a’b"
},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "recoiled, flinched",
"ref": "2012–2013, “ab”, in Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits, editors, Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary], Tartu, Riga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra:",
"text": "pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd",
"translation": "recoiled, flinched",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
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"shoulder"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑˀb/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɑˀb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
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},
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"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*api"
},
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"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *api.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
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[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
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[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bḑi",
"links": [
[
"a’bḑi",
"abḑi#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõn",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõn",
"abbõn#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bkõks",
"links": [
[
"a’bkõks",
"abkõks#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bži",
"links": [
[
"a’bži",
"abži#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bsõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bsõ",
"absõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bši",
"links": [
[
"a’bši",
"abši#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bstõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bstõ",
"abstõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bšti",
"links": [
[
"a’bšti",
"abšti#Livonian"
]
],
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"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
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"head": "a'b"
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"help, aid, assistance"
],
"id": "en-ab-liv-noun-sR-e1Zbp",
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"assistance",
"assistance"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑˀb/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɑˀb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian nouns",
"Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 37 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "abu",
"3": "",
"4": "shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Estonian abu (“shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "islands' dialect"
},
"expansion": "(islands' dialect)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare dialectal Estonian abu (“shoulder”) (islands' dialect).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a’b",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "liv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bḑi",
"links": [
[
"a’bḑi",
"abḑi#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõn",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõn",
"abbõn#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bkõks",
"links": [
[
"a’bkõks",
"abkõks#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bži",
"links": [
[
"a’bži",
"abži#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bsõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bsõ",
"absõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bši",
"links": [
[
"a’bši",
"abši#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bstõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bstõ",
"abstõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bšti",
"links": [
[
"a’bšti",
"abšti#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "a'b"
},
"expansion": "a’b",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "72",
"2": "a’b"
},
"name": "liv-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Livonian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "recoiled, flinched",
"ref": "2012–2013, “ab”, in Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits, editors, Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary], Tartu, Riga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra:",
"text": "pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd",
"translation": "recoiled, flinched",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
"links": [
[
"shoulder",
"shoulder"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑˀb/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɑˀb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian nouns",
"Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 37 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
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"1": "liv",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*api"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *api",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *api.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a’b",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "liv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’b",
"links": [
[
"a’b",
"ab#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bḑi",
"links": [
[
"a’bḑi",
"abḑi#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõn",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõn",
"abbõn#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bkõks",
"links": [
[
"a’bkõks",
"abkõks#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abūdõks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bbõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bbõ",
"abbõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bži",
"links": [
[
"a’bži",
"abži#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bsõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bsõ",
"absõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bši",
"links": [
[
"a’bši",
"abši#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bstõ",
"links": [
[
"a’bstõ",
"abstõ#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a’bšti",
"links": [
[
"a’bšti",
"abšti#Livonian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "a'b"
},
"expansion": "a’b",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "72",
"2": "a’b"
},
"name": "liv-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"help, aid, assistance"
],
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"assistance",
"assistance"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑˀb/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɑˀb̥]"
}
],
"word": "ab"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ab meaning in Livonian (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Livonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.