gần in Vietnamese

IPA: [ɣən˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [ɣəŋ˦˩] [Huế], [ɣəŋ˨˩] (note: Saigon) Forms: 𧵆 [CJK] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận). There have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels). In any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*t-kəɲ}} Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, {{IPAfont|*-r > *-n}} *-r > *-n, {{IPAfont|*-n}} *-n, {{IPAfont|*-ɲ}} *-ɲ, {{cog|mtq|-}} Muong, {{cog|scb|-}} Chut, {{cog|aem|-}} Arem Head templates: {{head|vi|adjective|||||||head=|tr=𧵆}} gần • (𧵆), {{vi-adj|𧵆}} gần • (𧵆)

Adverb

IPA: [ɣən˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [ɣəŋ˦˩] [Huế], [ɣəŋ˨˩] (note: Saigon) Forms: 𧵆 [CJK] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận). There have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels). In any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*t-kəɲ}} Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, {{IPAfont|*-r > *-n}} *-r > *-n, {{IPAfont|*-n}} *-n, {{IPAfont|*-ɲ}} *-ɲ, {{cog|mtq|-}} Muong, {{cog|scb|-}} Chut, {{cog|aem|-}} Arem Head templates: {{head|vi|adverb|||head=|tr=𧵆}} gần • (𧵆), {{vi-adv|𧵆}} gần • (𧵆)

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "ngái"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near; nearby; close (to)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gần-vi-adj-iWGzH3No",
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly; almost"
      ],
      "id": "en-gần-vi-adv-BNS6qZb9",
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "từ láy",
          "word": "gần gũi"
        },
        {
          "roman": "từ láy",
          "word": "gần gụi"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần như"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "gần xịt"
        },
        {
          "word": "xa gần"
        },
        {
          "word": "hầu như"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xa"
        },
        {
          "word": "ngái"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "near; nearby; close (to)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "nearby",
          "nearby"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*t-kəɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-r > *-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-r > *-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*-ɲ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ɲ",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chut",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aem",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arem",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ. Traditionally regarded as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 近 (SV: cận).\nThere have been some proposals, including Miyake (2015) and Trần Trí Dõi (2016), that this term is not a loanword. The earliest layer of Sinitic loans in Vietic usually show the shift of *-r > *-n characteristic of the later stages of Old Chinese. However, there is no motivation for the shift of this *-n to *-ɲ (Rục kept Vietic *-n as is after all vowels).\nIn any case, cognate with Muong Bi khênh, Chut [Rục] təkiɲ¹, Arem kɨ̀ɲ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𧵆",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𧵆"
      },
      "expansion": "gần • (𧵆)",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "từ láy",
      "word": "gần gũi"
    },
    {
      "roman": "từ láy",
      "word": "gần gụi"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần như"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần xa"
    },
    {
      "word": "gần xịt"
    },
    {
      "word": "xa gần"
    },
    {
      "word": "hầu như"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly; almost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣən˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɣəŋ˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngưn"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "North",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "gin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gần"
}

"gần" meaning in Vietnamese

Adjective

Adverb