See aby on Wiktionary
{
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"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
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"id": "en-aby-mul-symbol-dyDiMBsa",
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"language code"
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"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
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}
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abyen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ābyċġan",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute"
},
"expansion": "Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uzbugjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "a",
"3": "buy"
},
"expansion": "a- + buy",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
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"form": "abought",
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},
"expansion": "aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature G, recto:",
"text": "Foole-hardy Knight, full soone thou shalt aby / This fond reproach, thy body will I hang, [Hee takes down / his pole.] / And loe vpon that string thy teeth shall hang: Prepare thy selfe, for dead soone shalt thou bee",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-dRSlJql-",
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay#Verb"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"make amends",
"make amends"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make up"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 38, page 455:",
"text": "Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “February: Bellerophon in Lycia”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 339:",
"text": "We doubt thee not; / Thy tale seems true, nor dost thou glorify / Thyself herein—certes thou wouldst abye / A heavy fate if thou shouldst lie herein— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-jfDWxhFO",
"links": [
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sustain"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
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{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Wood by Silvermills”, in Catriona, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, →OCLC, page 131:",
"text": "The muckle black deil was father to the Frasers, a'body kens that; and as for the Gregara, I never could abye the reek of them since I could stotter on two feet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-KWYDvPUp",
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"The Dictionary of the Scots Language",
"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language"
],
[
"Scottish Language Dictionaries",
"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "go on"
},
{
"word": "hold on"
},
{
"word": "put up with"
},
{
"word": "persist"
},
{
"word": "tolerate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-taZ-c0jh",
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "procure"
},
{
"word": "purchase"
},
{
"word": "buy"
}
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
]
},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-Kvk8yH4r",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "expiate"
},
{
"word": "propitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
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},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, pages 494–495:",
"text": "So long as breath, and hable puiſſaunce / Did natiue corage vnto him ſupply, / His pace he freſhly forward did aduaunce, / And carried her beyond all ieopardy, / But nought that wanteth reſt, can long aby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To endure; to remain."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-C7v8P~4i",
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To endure; to remain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abuy"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
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"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
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],
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"expansion": "aby",
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"kind": "other",
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],
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{
"english": "I can't wait for them to come..",
"text": "Už aby tu byli.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's hope!",
"text": "Jenom aby!",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
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"had better"
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"word": "kdyby"
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{
"word": "kéž by"
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}
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"word": "aby"
}
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"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "a",
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},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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"third-person"
]
},
{
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}
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"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to, so"
],
"id": "en-aby-cs-conj-etlu3dpA",
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"so that",
"so that"
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[
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"in order to"
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[
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]
}
],
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}
],
"word": "aby"
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"t2": "would"
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"expansion": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb",
"3": "defective",
"4": "",
"5": "invariable",
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"expansion": "aby (defective, invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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"source": "w"
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"source": "w"
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"id": "en-aby-dsb-verb-pO9P-U-Q",
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[
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"would"
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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"id": "",
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"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
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"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
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"2": "particle"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-particle-bOS7VUyd",
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
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"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Czech: aby",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Czech: aby"
}
],
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"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
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"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychově (-va)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste (-šte)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-7XLta-WP"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-ZhP6ti3Q",
"links": [
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-N4PYnW6L",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 2 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-rFg66ExI",
"links": [
[
"even if",
"even if"
],
[
"though",
"though"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Czczy matka j occza twego, abi wsedl gnew mego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 3b:",
"text": "Ona bila nan fszadla, abycz ona sfvim nogam bila malo othpoczynøla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 66, 1:",
"text": "Osweczi oblicze swe nad nami y smiluy se nad nami, abichom poznali na zemi drogø twoiø (misereatur nostri, ut cognoscamus... viam tuam)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 175b:",
"text": "Nasz Xt mily gest szø on byl naszim othczom vkaszal gneflyvy i tesze prycry, tego dla abicz go ony svymy grzechy ne gneualy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Szatan... odstąpił od niego na chwilę, iże mogł żałować tego Judasz, co uczynił, aby potem s tej boleści stąpił weń wtore",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 87r:",
"text": "Ne precipitaret aby nye vpadl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-wokLp1Ks",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 1 4 8 12 1 3 3 0 3 3 2 10 10 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 8 0 3 3 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 7 1 4 8 12 0 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 1 3 0 1 0 1 8 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 32 7 6 3 7 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 34 7 6 2 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 34 7 6 2 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413-1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "[Day]..., aby... oth grzechu bychom zawszdy wyszwoleny (da..., ut... a peccato simus semper liberi)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183b:",
"text": "Kaszø boszø moczø, aby thy natichmasth fstala",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Czyebye, kaplanye..., prossa, aby mya rosd[r]zessyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183a:",
"text": "Prygaczele szøcz gø ony byly do swøtego Gana prynesly prosøcz go, abicz gø byl s marthvy krzesil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 10:",
"text": "Rzecze k nyemu Thobyas: Gdze chcesz, bichoua otpoczinøla (ubi vis, ut maneamus)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Pomny swanczicz nedzele y swante czy, aby sze ne vrich[l]il na uczynek przeklanty",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 9:",
"text": "Wipowedzø sinom swogim, abi poloszili w bodze nadzeiø swoiø a bichø ne zapomneli dzal boszych (narrabunt filiis suis, ut ponant in deo spem suam et non obliviscantur operum dei)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1404], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 209:",
"text": "Czso na mø zaloval czesnik o *sszecz marc., abich gemv popral owsza lesnego y penødzi, tegom ya nie popral",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Bubaczy timent, aby gym nye sklasl brzuch",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-Q3tu~PeN",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 1 4 8 12 1 3 3 0 3 3 2 10 10 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 8 0 3 3 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 7 1 4 8 12 0 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 1 3 0 1 0 1 8 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 32 7 6 3 7 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 34 7 6 2 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 34 7 6 2 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz przede wszym potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzescyanskø werø (quicumque vult salvus esse ante omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam fidem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 14b:",
"text": "Tho ne gest f [s]twe voly, abicz thobe Xpt dal dludze stroue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-pj22xwhV",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 481:",
"text": "Nedawno mą rzecz byla pothkala, abich barzo crasznø pannø mylowal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-KcBkIw45",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 5:",
"text": "Czsosmi chczyely vczynycz, yszesmi puszczyly Izrahelya, abi nam nye sluszyl (quid voluimus facere, ut dimitteremus Israel, ne serviret nobis)?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a resultative clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-KbJHXHVo",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1410], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 616:",
"text": "Aby mi s tobą vmrzecz, y[e]szcze ssze czebye nye zaprza et si optinuerit me mori tecum, non te negabo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 178a:",
"text": "Kalsdy prelath malbi szø on o crifdø kosczelnø... fszøcz, abycz mu sza to ssmercz podgøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-4QZbxnjW",
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) even though, although"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 770:",
"text": "Zawołali potem wszyscy: ... Abyć nie był złodziej (si non esset hic malefactor Jo 18, 30), azabychmy ji podali tobie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1456, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume VI, Sandomierz, page 261:",
"text": "Vczynycz raczy, aby nam czyalo y krew badze namyleyszego syna twego (ut nobis corpus et sanguis fiat dilectissimi filii tui)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 63:",
"text": "Day..., aby... od grzecha bylybychoom wolny (ut... a peccato simus semper liberi) y od wszelkego zameszkanya przeszpeczny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. pr., Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume IX, page 258:",
"text": "Modlimy scha y thesz prosimi, aby przyemnye malby (uti accepta habeas) y przezegnay tho danye, thy dary",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 2, 12:",
"text": "Przetosz nynye przysyøszta mi na pana boga, aby yakozem ya s wami milosyernye vczinila, takyesz y vy vczincze s domem otcza mego (ut quomodo ego misericoridam feci vobiscum, ita et vos faciatis)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 50, 19:",
"text": "Vczin, gospodne, w dobrey woli twey Syon, abi sprawoni muri ierusalemske (ut aedificentur muri Ierusalem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus kazał im, aby natychmiast milczeć (Jesus autem, ut tacerent, ipsis imperavit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-kMZ253n~",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page XLI:",
"text": "Bo gdy bądzye lakozyrcza, obiczagya gynako thego nye odmyeny y nye odeymye aby z szmyerczyą (qui gulosus effectus est, vix aliter quam morte moris mutabit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-6SE3VqLm",
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 6:",
"text": "Gdyz bødze sødø, aby wyssedl potøpon (cum iudicatur, exeat condemnatus)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 174b:",
"text": "Abicz ony tesze svoge odzene vpraly (laventque vestimenta sua Ex 19, 10) y cisto ge mely; abycz ony tesze svymi szonamy pospolu ne leszely",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-particle-IijXGSgD",
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) may, I wish, if only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-MyzZnGnC",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-wBEgUJmu",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 43 2 17 17 3 4 2 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 37 4 12 14 5 7 4 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 37 4 12 14 5 7 4 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-Zgk1NSxN",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-~rePpqPR",
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a conditional clause; if"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-ehFqpt2-",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparative clause; as if"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-BFIfKolj",
"links": [
[
"as if",
"as if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) introduces a comparative clause; as if"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אַבי",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: אַבי (abi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: אַבי (abi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-fRXZyXle",
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hopefully; had better; may"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-5w1yu-Zy",
"links": [
[
"hopefully",
"hopefully"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative) hopefully; had better; may"
],
"tags": [
"optative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-6SE3VqLm",
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Warmia) at least"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, just"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-TByd7UQB",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive) only, just"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-QkRczJO2",
"links": [
[
"seemingly",
"seemingly"
],
[
"apparently",
"apparently"
],
[
"ostensibly",
"ostensibly"
],
[
"supposedly",
"supposedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Doric Scots form of abye (“ago, past”)"
],
"id": "en-aby-sco-adv-cLsa~PNe",
"links": [
[
"abye",
"abye#Scots"
]
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes aim or goal; to, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-szl-conj-d0SEZHT5",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażby"
},
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "coby"
},
{
"word": "iżeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɪ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"as long as"
],
"id": "en-aby-sla-pro-particle-xivImyrC",
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "аби́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абы́",
"3": "а́бы"
},
"expansion": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "абꙑ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "abë"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: abë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: abë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: aby\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: aby\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-sla-pro-conj-N4PYnW6L",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech conjunctions",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can't wait for them to come..",
"text": "Už aby tu byli.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's hope!",
"text": "Jenom aby!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kdyby"
},
{
"word": "kéž by"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech conjunctions",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to, so"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so",
"so"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abyen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ābyċġan",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute"
},
"expansion": "Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uzbugjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "buy"
},
"expansion": "a- + buy",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past and past participle",
"4": "abought",
"5": "no other forms attested in Modern English"
},
"expansion": "aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature G, recto:",
"text": "Foole-hardy Knight, full soone thou shalt aby / This fond reproach, thy body will I hang, [Hee takes down / his pole.] / And loe vpon that string thy teeth shall hang: Prepare thy selfe, for dead soone shalt thou bee",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay#Verb"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"make amends",
"make amends"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make up"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 38, page 455:",
"text": "Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “February: Bellerophon in Lycia”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 339:",
"text": "We doubt thee not; / Thy tale seems true, nor dost thou glorify / Thyself herein—certes thou wouldst abye / A heavy fate if thou shouldst lie herein— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sustain"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Wood by Silvermills”, in Catriona, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, →OCLC, page 131:",
"text": "The muckle black deil was father to the Frasers, a'body kens that; and as for the Gregara, I never could abye the reek of them since I could stotter on two feet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"The Dictionary of the Scots Language",
"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language"
],
[
"Scottish Language Dictionaries",
"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "go on"
},
{
"word": "hold on"
},
{
"word": "put up with"
},
{
"word": "persist"
},
{
"word": "tolerate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "procure"
},
{
"word": "purchase"
},
{
"word": "buy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "expiate"
},
{
"word": "propitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, pages 494–495:",
"text": "So long as breath, and hable puiſſaunce / Did natiue corage vnto him ſupply, / His pace he freſhly forward did aduaunce, / And carried her beyond all ieopardy, / But nought that wanteth reſt, can long aby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To endure; to remain."
],
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To endure; to remain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abye"
},
{
"word": "abuy"
},
{
"word": "abie"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "až",
"3": "by",
"t1": "that",
"t2": "would"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "defective",
"4": "",
"5": "invariable",
"cat2": "defective verbs"
},
"expansion": "aby (defective, invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian defective verbs",
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian univerbations",
"Lower Sorbian verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"that… would"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"would",
"would"
]
],
"tags": [
"defective",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech conjunctions",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech particles",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Czech univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech conjunctions",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech particles",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Czech univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Czech: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychově (-va)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste (-šte)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
],
"links": [
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
],
"links": [
[
"even if",
"even if"
],
[
"though",
"though"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Czczy matka j occza twego, abi wsedl gnew mego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 3b:",
"text": "Ona bila nan fszadla, abycz ona sfvim nogam bila malo othpoczynøla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 66, 1:",
"text": "Osweczi oblicze swe nad nami y smiluy se nad nami, abichom poznali na zemi drogø twoiø (misereatur nostri, ut cognoscamus... viam tuam)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 175b:",
"text": "Nasz Xt mily gest szø on byl naszim othczom vkaszal gneflyvy i tesze prycry, tego dla abicz go ony svymy grzechy ne gneualy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Szatan... odstąpił od niego na chwilę, iże mogł żałować tego Judasz, co uczynił, aby potem s tej boleści stąpił weń wtore",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 87r:",
"text": "Ne precipitaret aby nye vpadl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413-1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "[Day]..., aby... oth grzechu bychom zawszdy wyszwoleny (da..., ut... a peccato simus semper liberi)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183b:",
"text": "Kaszø boszø moczø, aby thy natichmasth fstala",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Czyebye, kaplanye..., prossa, aby mya rosd[r]zessyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183a:",
"text": "Prygaczele szøcz gø ony byly do swøtego Gana prynesly prosøcz go, abicz gø byl s marthvy krzesil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 10:",
"text": "Rzecze k nyemu Thobyas: Gdze chcesz, bichoua otpoczinøla (ubi vis, ut maneamus)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Pomny swanczicz nedzele y swante czy, aby sze ne vrich[l]il na uczynek przeklanty",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 9:",
"text": "Wipowedzø sinom swogim, abi poloszili w bodze nadzeiø swoiø a bichø ne zapomneli dzal boszych (narrabunt filiis suis, ut ponant in deo spem suam et non obliviscantur operum dei)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1404], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 209:",
"text": "Czso na mø zaloval czesnik o *sszecz marc., abich gemv popral owsza lesnego y penødzi, tegom ya nie popral",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Bubaczy timent, aby gym nye sklasl brzuch",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz przede wszym potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzescyanskø werø (quicumque vult salvus esse ante omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam fidem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 14b:",
"text": "Tho ne gest f [s]twe voly, abicz thobe Xpt dal dludze stroue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 481:",
"text": "Nedawno mą rzecz byla pothkala, abich barzo crasznø pannø mylowal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 5:",
"text": "Czsosmi chczyely vczynycz, yszesmi puszczyly Izrahelya, abi nam nye sluszyl (quid voluimus facere, ut dimitteremus Israel, ne serviret nobis)?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a resultative clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1410], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 616:",
"text": "Aby mi s tobą vmrzecz, y[e]szcze ssze czebye nye zaprza et si optinuerit me mori tecum, non te negabo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 178a:",
"text": "Kalsdy prelath malbi szø on o crifdø kosczelnø... fszøcz, abycz mu sza to ssmercz podgøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) even though, although"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 770:",
"text": "Zawołali potem wszyscy: ... Abyć nie był złodziej (si non esset hic malefactor Jo 18, 30), azabychmy ji podali tobie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1456, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume VI, Sandomierz, page 261:",
"text": "Vczynycz raczy, aby nam czyalo y krew badze namyleyszego syna twego (ut nobis corpus et sanguis fiat dilectissimi filii tui)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 63:",
"text": "Day..., aby... od grzecha bylybychoom wolny (ut... a peccato simus semper liberi) y od wszelkego zameszkanya przeszpeczny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. pr., Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume IX, page 258:",
"text": "Modlimy scha y thesz prosimi, aby przyemnye malby (uti accepta habeas) y przezegnay tho danye, thy dary",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 2, 12:",
"text": "Przetosz nynye przysyøszta mi na pana boga, aby yakozem ya s wami milosyernye vczinila, takyesz y vy vczincze s domem otcza mego (ut quomodo ego misericoridam feci vobiscum, ita et vos faciatis)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 50, 19:",
"text": "Vczin, gospodne, w dobrey woli twey Syon, abi sprawoni muri ierusalemske (ut aedificentur muri Ierusalem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus kazał im, aby natychmiast milczeć (Jesus autem, ut tacerent, ipsis imperavit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page XLI:",
"text": "Bo gdy bądzye lakozyrcza, obiczagya gynako thego nye odmyeny y nye odeymye aby z szmyerczyą (qui gulosus effectus est, vix aliter quam morte moris mutabit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 6:",
"text": "Gdyz bødze sødø, aby wyssedl potøpon (cum iudicatur, exeat condemnatus)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 174b:",
"text": "Abicz ony tesze svoge odzene vpraly (laventque vestimenta sua Ex 19, 10) y cisto ge mely; abycz ony tesze svymi szonamy pospolu ne leszely",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) may, I wish, if only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a conditional clause; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ostróda Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparative clause; as if"
],
"links": [
[
"as if",
"as if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) introduces a comparative clause; as if"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אַבי",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: אַבי (abi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: אַבי (abi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"hopefully; had better; may"
],
"links": [
[
"hopefully",
"hopefully"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative) hopefully; had better; may"
],
"tags": [
"optative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Warmia) at least"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"only, just"
],
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive) only, just"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ostróda Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"links": [
[
"seemingly",
"seemingly"
],
[
"apparently",
"apparently"
],
[
"ostensibly",
"ostensibly"
],
[
"supposedly",
"supposedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bi/",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic particles",
"Proto-Slavic univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"as long as"
],
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic particles",
"Proto-Slavic univerbations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "аби́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абы́",
"3": "а́бы"
},
"expansion": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "абꙑ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "abë"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: abë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: abë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: aby\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: aby\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Doric Scots",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots 2-syllable words",
"Scots adverbs",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Doric Scots form of abye (“ago, past”)"
],
"links": [
[
"abye",
"abye#Scots"
]
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/abɪ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/abɪ/2 syllables",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"glosses": [
"denotes aim or goal; to, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażby"
},
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "coby"
},
{
"word": "iżeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɪ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-3",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aby meaning in All languages combined (48.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no other forms attested in Modern English",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Warmia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Warmia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "aby/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English three-letter words\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 9 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/2 syllables\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abyen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abyen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"ābyċġan\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*uzbugjaną\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"buy\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + buy\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abought\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abought\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"verb\", \"3\": \"simple past and past participle\", \"4\": \"abought\", \"5\": \"no other forms attested in Modern English\"}, \"expansion\": \"aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature G, recto:\", \"text\": \"Foole-hardy Knight, full soone thou shalt aby / This fond reproach, thy body will I hang, [Hee takes down / his pole.] / And loe vpon that string thy teeth shall hang: Prepare thy selfe, for dead soone shalt thou bee\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends.\"], \"links\": [[\"pay\", \"pay#Verb\"], [\"penalty\", \"penalty\"], [\"atone\", \"atone\"], [\"make amends\", \"make amends\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"make up\"}], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 38, page 455:\", \"text\": \"Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1870, William Morris, “February: Bellerophon in Lycia”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 339:\", \"text\": \"We doubt thee not; / Thy tale seems true, nor dost thou glorify / Thyself herein—certes thou wouldst abye / A heavy fate if thou shouldst lie herein— […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something).\"], \"links\": [[\"atone\", \"atone\"], [\"suffer\", \"suffer\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sustain\"}], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"figuratively\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Wood by Silvermills”, in Catriona, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, →OCLC, page 131:\", \"text\": \"The muckle black deil was father to the Frasers, a'body kens that; and as for the Gregara, I never could abye the reek of them since I could stotter on two feet.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience.\"], \"links\": [[\"endure\", \"endure\"], [\"tolerate\", \"tolerate\"], [\"experience\", \"experience\"], [\"The Dictionary of the Scots Language\", \"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language\"], [\"Scottish Language Dictionaries\", \"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries\"]], \"qualifier\": \"obsolete except Scotland\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"brook\"}, {\"word\": \"go on\"}, {\"word\": \"hold on\"}, {\"word\": \"put up with\"}, {\"word\": \"persist\"}, {\"word\": \"tolerate\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pay for (something); to buy.\"], \"links\": [[\"buy\", \"buy#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"procure\"}, {\"word\": \"purchase\"}, {\"word\": \"buy\"}], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pay the penalty; to atone.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, obsolete)\", \"To pay the penalty; to atone.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"expiate\"}, {\"word\": \"propitiate\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, pages 494–495:\", \"text\": \"So long as breath, and hable puiſſaunce / Did natiue corage vnto him ſupply, / His pace he freſhly forward did aduaunce, / And carried her beyond all ieopardy, / But nought that wanteth reſt, can long aby.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To endure; to remain.\"], \"links\": [[\"remain\", \"remain#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, obsolete)\", \"To endure; to remain.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbaɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aby.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abye\"}, {\"word\": \"abuy\"}, {\"word\": \"abie\"}], \"word\": \"aby\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "aby/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English three-letter words\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 9 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/2 syllables\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abyen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abyen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"ābyċġan\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*uzbugjaną\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"buy\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + buy\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abought\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abought\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"verb\", \"3\": \"simple past and past participle\", \"4\": \"abought\", \"5\": \"no other forms attested in Modern English\"}, \"expansion\": \"aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature G, recto:\", \"text\": \"Foole-hardy Knight, full soone thou shalt aby / This fond reproach, thy body will I hang, [Hee takes down / his pole.] / And loe vpon that string thy teeth shall hang: Prepare thy selfe, for dead soone shalt thou bee\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends.\"], \"links\": [[\"pay\", \"pay#Verb\"], [\"penalty\", \"penalty\"], [\"atone\", \"atone\"], [\"make amends\", \"make amends\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"make up\"}], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 38, page 455:\", \"text\": \"Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1870, William Morris, “February: Bellerophon in Lycia”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 339:\", \"text\": \"We doubt thee not; / Thy tale seems true, nor dost thou glorify / Thyself herein—certes thou wouldst abye / A heavy fate if thou shouldst lie herein— […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something).\"], \"links\": [[\"atone\", \"atone\"], [\"suffer\", \"suffer\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sustain\"}], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"figuratively\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Wood by Silvermills”, in Catriona, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, →OCLC, page 131:\", \"text\": \"The muckle black deil was father to the Frasers, a'body kens that; and as for the Gregara, I never could abye the reek of them since I could stotter on two feet.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience.\"], \"links\": [[\"endure\", \"endure\"], [\"tolerate\", \"tolerate\"], [\"experience\", \"experience\"], [\"The Dictionary of the Scots Language\", \"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language\"], [\"Scottish Language Dictionaries\", \"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries\"]], \"qualifier\": \"obsolete except Scotland\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"brook\"}, {\"word\": \"go on\"}, {\"word\": \"hold on\"}, {\"word\": \"put up with\"}, {\"word\": \"persist\"}, {\"word\": \"tolerate\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pay for (something); to buy.\"], \"links\": [[\"buy\", \"buy#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive)\", \"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"procure\"}, {\"word\": \"purchase\"}, {\"word\": \"buy\"}], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pay the penalty; to atone.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, obsolete)\", \"To pay the penalty; to atone.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"expiate\"}, {\"word\": \"propitiate\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, pages 494–495:\", \"text\": \"So long as breath, and hable puiſſaunce / Did natiue corage vnto him ſupply, / His pace he freſhly forward did aduaunce, / And carried her beyond all ieopardy, / But nought that wanteth reſt, can long aby.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To endure; to remain.\"], \"links\": [[\"remain\", \"remain#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive, obsolete)\", \"To endure; to remain.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbaɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aby.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abye\"}, {\"word\": \"abuy\"}, {\"word\": \"abie\"}], \"word\": \"aby\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.