See aby on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for aby meaning in All languages combined (34.8kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-3",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
],
"id": "en-aby-mul-symbol-dyDiMBsa",
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abyen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abien"
},
"expansion": "abien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abiggen"
},
"expansion": "abiggen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ābyċġan",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute"
},
"expansion": "Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uzbugjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "buy"
},
"expansion": "a- + buy",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abide"
},
"expansion": "abide",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past and past participle",
"4": "abought",
"5": "no other forms attested in Modern English"
},
"expansion": "aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-dRSlJql-",
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay#Verb"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"make amends",
"make amends"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make up"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-jfDWxhFO",
"links": [
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sustain"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-KWYDvPUp",
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "go on"
},
{
"word": "hold on"
},
{
"word": "put up with"
},
{
"word": "persist"
},
{
"word": "tolerate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-taZ-c0jh",
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "procure"
},
{
"word": "purchase"
},
{
"word": "buy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 3 12 24 36 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 2 10 14 45 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 16 15 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-Kvk8yH4r",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "expiate"
},
{
"word": "propitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To endure; to remain."
],
"id": "en-aby-en-verb-C7v8P~4i",
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To endure; to remain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abie"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can't wait for them to come..",
"text": "Už aby tu byli.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's hope!",
"text": "Jenom aby!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"id": "en-aby-cs-particle-bOS7VUyd",
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kdyby"
},
{
"word": "kéž by"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to, so"
],
"id": "en-aby-cs-conj-etlu3dpA",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so",
"so"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "až",
"3": "by",
"t1": "that",
"t2": "would"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "defective",
"4": "",
"5": "invariable",
"cat2": "defective verbs"
},
"expansion": "aby (defective, invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that… would"
],
"id": "en-aby-dsb-verb-pO9P-U-Q",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"would",
"would"
]
],
"tags": [
"defective",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-particle-bOS7VUyd",
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Czech: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychově (-va)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste (-šte)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-7XLta-WP"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-ZhP6ti3Q",
"links": [
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-N4PYnW6L",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 28 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-ocs-conj-rFg66ExI",
"links": [
[
"even if",
"even if"
],
[
"though",
"though"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "the 15th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]",
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-EyiLU07T",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-4QZbxnjW",
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-k19oMZ1P",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "the 15th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 0 0 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 0 0 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 0 0 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-particle-IijXGSgD",
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 38 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]",
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-EyiLU07T",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 38 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [+infinitive = to do what]",
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj--N8jAE9v",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [+infinitive = to do what]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 38 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 24 36 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [+past tense = to do what]",
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-pghYOd9Q",
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [+past tense = to do what]"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-~rePpqPR",
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-fRXZyXle",
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ago, past",
"word": "abye"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Doric form of abye (“ago, past”)"
],
"id": "en-aby-sco-adv-PWJa07-X",
"links": [
[
"abye",
"abye#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"Doric",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes aim or goal; to, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-szl-conj-d0SEZHT5",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażby"
},
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "coby"
},
{
"word": "iżeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"as long as"
],
"id": "en-aby-sla-pro-particle-xivImyrC",
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "аби́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абы́",
"3": "а́бы"
},
"expansion": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "абꙑ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "abë"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: abë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: abë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: aby\nMasurian: abi\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: aby\nMasurian: abi\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-aby-sla-pro-conj-N4PYnW6L",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech conjunctions",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can't wait for them to come..",
"text": "Už aby tu byli.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's hope!",
"text": "Jenom aby!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kdyby"
},
{
"word": "kéž by"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech conjunctions",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "cs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech aby, from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to, so"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so",
"so"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪ]"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abyen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abyen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abien"
},
"expansion": "abien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abiggen"
},
"expansion": "abiggen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ābyċġan",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute"
},
"expansion": "Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uzbugjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "buy"
},
"expansion": "a- + buy",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abide"
},
"expansion": "abide",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abought",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past and past participle",
"4": "abought",
"5": "no other forms attested in Modern English"
},
"expansion": "aby (simple past and past participle abought, no other forms attested in Modern English)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay#Verb"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"make amends",
"make amends"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "make up"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"atone",
"atone"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty, to atone for; to suffer (something)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sustain"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "go on"
},
{
"word": "hold on"
},
{
"word": "put up with"
},
{
"word": "persist"
},
{
"word": "tolerate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "procure"
},
{
"word": "purchase"
},
{
"word": "buy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To pay the penalty; to atone."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "expiate"
},
{
"word": "propitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To endure; to remain."
],
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To endure; to remain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abye"
},
{
"word": "abuy"
},
{
"word": "abie"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "až",
"3": "by",
"t1": "that",
"t2": "would"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "defective",
"4": "",
"5": "invariable",
"cat2": "defective verbs"
},
"expansion": "aby (defective, invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian defective verbs",
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Lower Sorbian univerbations",
"Lower Sorbian verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"that… would"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"would",
"would"
]
],
"tags": [
"defective",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech conjunctions",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech particles",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Czech univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes desire or wish; if only; had better"
],
"links": [
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech conjunctions",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech particles",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Czech univerbations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Czech: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "abych",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abychově (-va)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychom (-me/-my)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abyste (-šte)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abysta (-šta)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abychu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause expressing doubt."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with subjunctive meaning; let, may"
],
"links": [
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subordinate clause with admissive meaning; even if, though"
],
"links": [
[
"even if",
"even if"
],
[
"though",
"though"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈabi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "the 15th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]",
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "the 15th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɨ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɨ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]",
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [+infinitive = to do what]",
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [+infinitive = to do what]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [+past tense = to do what]",
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [+past tense = to do what]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɨ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɨ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic particles",
"Proto-Slavic univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"as long as"
],
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic conjunctions",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic particles",
"Proto-Slavic univerbations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "абы"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: абы (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: абы (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "аби́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абы́",
"3": "а́бы"
},
"expansion": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "абꙑ"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "абꙑ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "abë"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: abë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: abë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: aby\nCzech: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: aby\nMasurian: abi\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: aby\nMasurian: abi\nPolish: aby\nSilesian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: aby"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: aby"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*a",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *a + *by",
"name": "univ"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *a + *by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "conjunction",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/aby",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"so that, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ago, past",
"word": "abye"
}
],
"categories": [
"Doric Scots",
"Scots 2-syllable words",
"Scots adverbs",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Scots lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Doric form of abye (“ago, past”)"
],
"links": [
[
"abye",
"abye#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"Doric",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Silesian/abɨ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/abɨ/2 syllables",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"glosses": [
"denotes aim or goal; to, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażby"
},
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "coby"
},
{
"word": "iżeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabɨ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɨ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-3",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aneme Wake."
]
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no other forms attested in Modern English",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.