See aby in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Czczy matka j occza twego, abi wsedl gnew mego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 3b:",
"text": "Ona bila nan fszadla, abycz ona sfvim nogam bila malo othpoczynøla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 66, 1:",
"text": "Osweczi oblicze swe nad nami y smiluy se nad nami, abichom poznali na zemi drogø twoiø (misereatur nostri, ut cognoscamus... viam tuam)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 175b:",
"text": "Nasz Xt mily gest szø on byl naszim othczom vkaszal gneflyvy i tesze prycry, tego dla abicz go ony svymy grzechy ne gneualy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Szatan... odstąpił od niego na chwilę, iże mogł żałować tego Judasz, co uczynił, aby potem s tej boleści stąpił weń wtore",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 87r:",
"text": "Ne precipitaret aby nye vpadl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-wokLp1Ks",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 1 4 8 12 1 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 0 3 1 2 1 1 8 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 8 1 4 8 12 0 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 0 3 0 1 0 1 8 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 32 7 7 2 7 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 34 7 6 1 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 34 7 6 1 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413-1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "[Day]..., aby... oth grzechu bychom zawszdy wyszwoleny (da..., ut... a peccato simus semper liberi)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183b:",
"text": "Kaszø boszø moczø, aby thy natichmasth fstala",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Czyebye, kaplanye..., prossa, aby mya rosd[r]zessyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183a:",
"text": "Prygaczele szøcz gø ony byly do swøtego Gana prynesly prosøcz go, abicz gø byl s marthvy krzesil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 10:",
"text": "Rzecze k nyemu Thobyas: Gdze chcesz, bichoua otpoczinøla (ubi vis, ut maneamus)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Pomny swanczicz nedzele y swante czy, aby sze ne vrich[l]il na uczynek przeklanty",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 9:",
"text": "Wipowedzø sinom swogim, abi poloszili w bodze nadzeiø swoiø a bichø ne zapomneli dzal boszych (narrabunt filiis suis, ut ponant in deo spem suam et non obliviscantur operum dei)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1404], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 209:",
"text": "Czso na mø zaloval czesnik o *sszecz marc., abich gemv popral owsza lesnego y penødzi, tegom ya nie popral",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Bubaczy timent, aby gym nye sklasl brzuch",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-Q3tu~PeN",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 1 4 8 12 1 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 0 3 1 2 1 1 8 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 8 1 4 8 12 0 3 3 0 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 0 3 0 1 0 1 8 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 32 7 7 2 7 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 34 7 6 1 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 34 7 6 1 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz przede wszym potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzescyanskø werø (quicumque vult salvus esse ante omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam fidem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 14b:",
"text": "Tho ne gest f [s]twe voly, abicz thobe Xpt dal dludze stroue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-pj22xwhV",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 481:",
"text": "Nedawno mą rzecz byla pothkala, abich barzo crasznø pannø mylowal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-KcBkIw45",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 5:",
"text": "Czsosmi chczyely vczynycz, yszesmi puszczyly Izrahelya, abi nam nye sluszyl (quid voluimus facere, ut dimitteremus Israel, ne serviret nobis)?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a resultative clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-KbJHXHVo",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1410], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 616:",
"text": "Aby mi s tobą vmrzecz, y[e]szcze ssze czebye nye zaprza et si optinuerit me mori tecum, non te negabo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 178a:",
"text": "Kalsdy prelath malbi szø on o crifdø kosczelnø... fszøcz, abycz mu sza to ssmercz podgøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-4QZbxnjW",
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) even though, although"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 770:",
"text": "Zawołali potem wszyscy: ... Abyć nie był złodziej (si non esset hic malefactor Jo 18, 30), azabychmy ji podali tobie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1456, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume VI, Sandomierz, page 261:",
"text": "Vczynycz raczy, aby nam czyalo y krew badze namyleyszego syna twego (ut nobis corpus et sanguis fiat dilectissimi filii tui)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 63:",
"text": "Day..., aby... od grzecha bylybychoom wolny (ut... a peccato simus semper liberi) y od wszelkego zameszkanya przeszpeczny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. pr., Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume IX, page 258:",
"text": "Modlimy scha y thesz prosimi, aby przyemnye malby (uti accepta habeas) y przezegnay tho danye, thy dary",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 2, 12:",
"text": "Przetosz nynye przysyøszta mi na pana boga, aby yakozem ya s wami milosyernye vczinila, takyesz y vy vczincze s domem otcza mego (ut quomodo ego misericoridam feci vobiscum, ita et vos faciatis)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 50, 19:",
"text": "Vczin, gospodne, w dobrey woli twey Syon, abi sprawoni muri ierusalemske (ut aedificentur muri Ierusalem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus kazał im, aby natychmiast milczeć (Jesus autem, ut tacerent, ipsis imperavit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-kMZ253n~",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page XLI:",
"text": "Bo gdy bądzye lakozyrcza, obiczagya gynako thego nye odmyeny y nye odeymye aby z szmyerczyą (qui gulosus effectus est, vix aliter quam morte moris mutabit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-conj-6SE3VqLm",
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 6:",
"text": "Gdyz bødze sødø, aby wyssedl potøpon (cum iudicatur, exeat condemnatus)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 174b:",
"text": "Abicz ony tesze svoge odzene vpraly (laventque vestimenta sua Ex 19, 10) y cisto ge mely; abycz ony tesze svymi szonamy pospolu ne leszely",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"id": "en-aby-zlw-opl-particle-IijXGSgD",
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) may, I wish, if only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Czczy matka j occza twego, abi wsedl gnew mego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 3b:",
"text": "Ona bila nan fszadla, abycz ona sfvim nogam bila malo othpoczynøla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 66, 1:",
"text": "Osweczi oblicze swe nad nami y smiluy se nad nami, abichom poznali na zemi drogø twoiø (misereatur nostri, ut cognoscamus... viam tuam)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 175b:",
"text": "Nasz Xt mily gest szø on byl naszim othczom vkaszal gneflyvy i tesze prycry, tego dla abicz go ony svymy grzechy ne gneualy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Szatan... odstąpił od niego na chwilę, iże mogł żałować tego Judasz, co uczynił, aby potem s tej boleści stąpił weń wtore",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 87r:",
"text": "Ne precipitaret aby nye vpadl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, in order to, so that [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413-1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "[Day]..., aby... oth grzechu bychom zawszdy wyszwoleny (da..., ut... a peccato simus semper liberi)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183b:",
"text": "Kaszø boszø moczø, aby thy natichmasth fstala",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Czyebye, kaplanye..., prossa, aby mya rosd[r]zessyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 183a:",
"text": "Prygaczele szøcz gø ony byly do swøtego Gana prynesly prosøcz go, abicz gø byl s marthvy krzesil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 10:",
"text": "Rzecze k nyemu Thobyas: Gdze chcesz, bichoua otpoczinøla (ubi vis, ut maneamus)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume V, number 1:",
"text": "Pomny swanczicz nedzele y swante czy, aby sze ne vrich[l]il na uczynek przeklanty",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 9:",
"text": "Wipowedzø sinom swogim, abi poloszili w bodze nadzeiø swoiø a bichø ne zapomneli dzal boszych (narrabunt filiis suis, ut ponant in deo spem suam et non obliviscantur operum dei)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1404], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 209:",
"text": "Czso na mø zaloval czesnik o *sszecz marc., abich gemv popral owsza lesnego y penødzi, tegom ya nie popral",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Bubaczy timent, aby gym nye sklasl brzuch",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) Introduces an object clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz przede wszym potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzescyanskø werø (quicumque vult salvus esse ante omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam fidem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 14b:",
"text": "Tho ne gest f [s]twe voly, abicz thobe Xpt dal dludze stroue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a subject clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 481:",
"text": "Nedawno mą rzecz byla pothkala, abich barzo crasznø pannø mylowal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) Introduces a qualifier clause; to, in order to, so that"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 5:",
"text": "Czsosmi chczyely vczynycz, yszesmi puszczyly Izrahelya, abi nam nye sluszyl (quid voluimus facere, ut dimitteremus Israel, ne serviret nobis)?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces a resultative clause; to, in order to, so that"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1410], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 616:",
"text": "Aby mi s tobą vmrzecz, y[e]szcze ssze czebye nye zaprza et si optinuerit me mori tecum, non te negabo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 178a:",
"text": "Kalsdy prelath malbi szø on o crifdø kosczelnø... fszøcz, abycz mu sza to ssmercz podgøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even though, although"
],
"links": [
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) even though, although"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 770:",
"text": "Zawołali potem wszyscy: ... Abyć nie był złodziej (si non esset hic malefactor Jo 18, 30), azabychmy ji podali tobie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1456, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume VI, Sandomierz, page 261:",
"text": "Vczynycz raczy, aby nam czyalo y krew badze namyleyszego syna twego (ut nobis corpus et sanguis fiat dilectissimi filii tui)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 63:",
"text": "Day..., aby... od grzecha bylybychoom wolny (ut... a peccato simus semper liberi) y od wszelkego zameszkanya przeszpeczny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. pr., Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume IX, page 258:",
"text": "Modlimy scha y thesz prosimi, aby przyemnye malby (uti accepta habeas) y przezegnay tho danye, thy dary",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 2, 12:",
"text": "Przetosz nynye przysyøszta mi na pana boga, aby yakozem ya s wami milosyernye vczinila, takyesz y vy vczincze s domem otcza mego (ut quomodo ego misericoridam feci vobiscum, ita et vos faciatis)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 50, 19:",
"text": "Vczin, gospodne, w dobrey woli twey Syon, abi sprawoni muri ierusalemske (ut aedificentur muri Ierusalem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus kazał im, aby natychmiast milczeć (Jesus autem, ut tacerent, ipsis imperavit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces an unreal conditional; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page XLI:",
"text": "Bo gdy bądzye lakozyrcza, obiczagya gynako thego nye odmyeny y nye odeymye aby z szmyerczyą (qui gulosus effectus est, vix aliter quam morte moris mutabit)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Polish: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: aby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "aby"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: aby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: aby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*aby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 6:",
"text": "Gdyz bødze sødø, aby wyssedl potøpon (cum iudicatur, exeat condemnatus)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 174b:",
"text": "Abicz ony tesze svoge odzene vpraly (laventque vestimenta sua Ex 19, 10) y cisto ge mely; abycz ony tesze svymi szonamy pospolu ne leszely",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"may, I wish, if only"
],
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) may, I wish, if only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/abɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aby meaning in Old Polish (16.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.