See aby in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:aby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jaby",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧by"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"translation": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
13
],
[
19,
21
]
],
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"translation": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-MyzZnGnC",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
14
]
],
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"translation": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-wBEgUJmu",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 15 0 26 23 1 29 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"translation": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-Zgk1NSxN",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"translation": "He read just to read",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-~rePpqPR",
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 15 0 26 23 1 29 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a conditional clause; if"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-ehFqpt2-",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 15 0 26 23 1 29 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparative clause; as if"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-conj-BFIfKolj",
"links": [
[
"as if",
"as if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) introduces a comparative clause; as if"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"conjunction"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 41 39 0 9",
"sense": "preposition",
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abi",
"word": "אַבי"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:aby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jaby",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"translation": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-fRXZyXle",
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czasami"
},
{
"word": "czasem"
},
{
"word": "przypadkiem"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 0 16 8 2 38 12 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 0 21 20 1 41 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 12 1 15 14 3 39 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 14 0 21 24 2 29 4 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 15 0 26 23 1 29 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 15 0 22 21 2 31 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 15 0 22 21 2 31 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 8 0 9 9 2 35 15 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hopefully; had better; may"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-5w1yu-Zy",
"links": [
[
"hopefully",
"hopefully"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative) hopefully; had better; may"
],
"tags": [
"optative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-6SE3VqLm",
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Warmia) at least"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, just"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-TByd7UQB",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive) only, just"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"id": "en-aby-pl-particle-QkRczJO2",
"links": [
[
"seemingly",
"seemingly"
],
[
"apparently",
"apparently"
],
[
"ostensibly",
"ostensibly"
],
[
"supposedly",
"supposedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish compound terms",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ/2 syllables",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:aby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abyś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abyście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jaby",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧by"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"english": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"text": "Mówię po to, aby nie było cicho.",
"translation": "I am speaking so that it isn't quiet.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
13
],
[
19,
21
]
],
"english": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"text": "Chcę, abyś jutro przyszedł.",
"translation": "I want you to come tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
14
]
],
"english": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"text": "Usiadł, aby znowu wstać.",
"translation": "He sat down to get right back up again.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"english": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"text": "Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej",
"translation": "Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [with past-tense clause ‘to do what’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "He read just to read",
"text": "Czytał aby czytał",
"translation": "He read just to read",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just to, for the sake of"
],
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a conditional clause; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ostróda Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparative clause; as if"
],
"links": [
[
"as if",
"as if"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) introduces a comparative clause; as if"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish compound terms",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ/2 syllables",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "aby zbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "aby-aby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"conjunction"
],
"word": "abyć"
},
{
"sense": "preposition",
"word": "aby do"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abi",
"word": "אַבי"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:aby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "a",
"4": "by"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nProto-Slavic *by\nuniv.\nProto-Slavic *aby\nOld Polish aby\nPolish aby\nInherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jaby",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Łowicz"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "aby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: czasami, czasem, przypadkiem"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"english": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"text": "Aby tam będzie?",
"translation": "Do you really think he'll be there?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"links": [
[
"happen to",
"happen to"
],
[
"isn't",
"isn't"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) expresses the speaker's certainty of their statement; happen to, isn't?"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czasami"
},
{
"word": "czasem"
},
{
"word": "przypadkiem"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"hopefully; had better; may"
],
"links": [
[
"hopefully",
"hopefully"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative) hopefully; had better; may"
],
"tags": [
"optative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"at least"
],
"links": [
[
"at least",
"at least"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Warmia) at least"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"only, just"
],
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive) only, just"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ostróda Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"links": [
[
"seemingly",
"seemingly"
],
[
"apparently",
"apparently"
],
[
"ostensibly",
"ostensibly"
],
[
"supposedly",
"supposedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ostróda) seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bi]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
}
],
"word": "aby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aby meaning in Polish (11.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, optative",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Warmia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Warmia",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, delimitive",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ostróda",
"path": [
"aby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "aby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.