See by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 16 8 11 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 10 16 8 10 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He would not go there.",
"text": "On by tam nie poszedł./On nie poszedłby tam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-particle-rXibWqNw",
"links": [
[
"would",
"would"
],
[
"would've",
"would've"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of przynajmniej"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-particle-rOsljXSo",
"links": [
[
"przynajmniej",
"przynajmniej#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Synonym of przynajmniej"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘ"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-YCPZXXhS",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [with past-tense clause]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: bodaj, bodajby, byle, byleby, niech, niechaj, niechajże, niechby, niechże, oby"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-IZoY08iD",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [with past-tense clause]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-9si-n96D",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-~pTwDOCY",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-RVF0eJjt",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"just to",
"just to"
],
[
"only to",
"only to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if"
],
"id": "en-by-pl-conj-qDHHdjzq",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He would not go there.",
"text": "On by tam nie poszedł./On nie poszedłby tam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the conditional mood; would, would've"
],
"links": [
[
"would",
"would"
],
[
"would've",
"would've"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of przynajmniej"
],
"links": [
[
"przynajmniej",
"przynajmniej#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Synonym of przynajmniej"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "przynajmniej"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘ"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish by",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-first-person",
"object-plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byście",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-singular",
"object-third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"combined-form",
"object-plural",
"object-third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to [with past-tense clause]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: bodaj, bodajby, byle, byleby, niech, niechaj, niechajże, niechby, niechże, oby"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let [with past-tense clause]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"for that",
"for that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"just to",
"just to"
],
[
"only to",
"only to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to [with infinitive]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aby"
},
{
"word": "ażeby"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ażeby"
},
{
"word": "żeby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "by"
}
Download raw JSONL data for by meaning in Polish (7.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"by"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"by"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.