See fram in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fram meaning in Old English (15.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "from"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fram",
"t": "forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fram (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "forward, onward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá",
"pos": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse frá (preposition)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”). Akin to Old High German fram (“forth, forward”), Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb), Old Norse frá (preposition), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 3 23 0 17 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then lay there a cripple, lame from childhood, who was daily carried to the 'Beautiful' Gate, that he might receive alms from those entering.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...þā læġ þǣr sum creopere lama fram cildhāde sē wæs dæġhwāmlīce ġeboren tō þām beorhtan ġete þæt hē ælmessan underfencge æt þām infarendum...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he rode on his mule with a great army through a high wood, with hostile intention; then speedily a tree caught him by the hair, because be was long-haired, and he hanged so, and the mule ran forward from the wicked lord, and David's thanes pierced him through.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Passion of St. Alban, Martyr\"\nHē rād ðā on his mule mid mycelre fyrde þurh ǣnne hēahne holt mid hetelīcum ġeþance; þā ġefeng hine ān trēow be ðām fexe sona forþan þe hē wæs sīdfæxede and hē swā hangode, and sē mul arn forð fram þām ārlēasan hlāford and Dauides þeġnas hine þurhðydon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from [+dative]",
"from"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-prep-DZuhUBLQ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"from [+dative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 3 23 0 17 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Depart from us, we are fiercely tormented and consumed with fire, for Julian's sake, ever since the day that ye first vexed him.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Passion of St. Julian and his wife Basilissa\"\nGewitað fram us, we synd wraðe geswæncte and mid fyre for-numene for iulianes intingan, æfre fram þam dæge þe ge hine ærest dræhton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"since [+dative]",
"since"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-prep-cmtmuFd-",
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"since [+dative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 3 23 0 17 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Jesus was led by the Holy Ghost to a waste, in order that he might be tempted by the devil: and he there fasted forty days and forty nights, so that he tasted neither food nor drink in all that time: but he then hungered.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"THE FIRST SUNDAY IN LENT\"\nSe Hælend wæs gelæd fram þam Halgan Gaste to anum westene, to ðy þæt he wære gecostnod fram deofle: and he ða fæste feowertig daga and feowertig nihta, swa þæt he ne onbyrigde ætes ne wætes on eallum þam fyrste: ac siððan him hingrode.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by [+dative]",
"by"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-prep-wxxf5JzR",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"by [+dative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "from"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fram",
"t": "forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fram (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "forward, onward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá",
"pos": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse frá (preposition)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”). Akin to Old High German fram (“forth, forward”), Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb), Old Norse frá (preposition), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fram-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-adv-ncCOQDOC",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "from"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "framian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fram",
"3": "frame"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: fram, frame",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: fram, frame"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fram",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, protruding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, protruding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *fram, from Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, protruding”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frames",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frames",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "fram"
},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fram"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fremian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fremman"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 3 23 0 17 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward, firm, bold, stout, resolute"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-adj-imNu9fVo",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"stout",
"stout"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vigorous, strong"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-adj-YfFgcF-H",
"links": [
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"valiant, excellent"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-adj-RmhC~b~R",
"links": [
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 2 3 23 0 17 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"effective"
],
"id": "en-fram-ang-adj-RuCHYXhR",
"links": [
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "from"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freom"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "from"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray\nEnglish: from\n→ Scots: from, frome\nYola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fram",
"t": "forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fram (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "forward, onward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá",
"pos": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse frá (preposition)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”). Akin to Old High German fram (“forth, forward”), Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb), Old Norse frá (preposition), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then lay there a cripple, lame from childhood, who was daily carried to the 'Beautiful' Gate, that he might receive alms from those entering.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...þā læġ þǣr sum creopere lama fram cildhāde sē wæs dæġhwāmlīce ġeboren tō þām beorhtan ġete þæt hē ælmessan underfencge æt þām infarendum...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he rode on his mule with a great army through a high wood, with hostile intention; then speedily a tree caught him by the hair, because be was long-haired, and he hanged so, and the mule ran forward from the wicked lord, and David's thanes pierced him through.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Passion of St. Alban, Martyr\"\nHē rād ðā on his mule mid mycelre fyrde þurh ǣnne hēahne holt mid hetelīcum ġeþance; þā ġefeng hine ān trēow be ðām fexe sona forþan þe hē wæs sīdfæxede and hē swā hangode, and sē mul arn forð fram þām ārlēasan hlāford and Dauides þeġnas hine þurhðydon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from [+dative]",
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"from [+dative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Depart from us, we are fiercely tormented and consumed with fire, for Julian's sake, ever since the day that ye first vexed him.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Passion of St. Julian and his wife Basilissa\"\nGewitað fram us, we synd wraðe geswæncte and mid fyre for-numene for iulianes intingan, æfre fram þam dæge þe ge hine ærest dræhton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"since [+dative]",
"since"
],
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"since [+dative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Jesus was led by the Holy Ghost to a waste, in order that he might be tempted by the devil: and he there fasted forty days and forty nights, so that he tasted neither food nor drink in all that time: but he then hungered.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"THE FIRST SUNDAY IN LENT\"\nSe Hælend wæs gelæd fram þam Halgan Gaste to anum westene, to ðy þæt he wære gecostnod fram deofle: and he ða fæste feowertig daga and feowertig nihta, swa þæt he ne onbyrigde ætes ne wætes on eallum þam fyrste: ac siððan him hingrode.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by [+dative]",
"by"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"by [+dative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "from"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English adverbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prepositions",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fram-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fram",
"t": "forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fram",
"t": "forth, forward"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fram (“forth, forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fram",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "forward, onward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "frá",
"pos": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse frá (preposition)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”). Akin to Old High German fram (“forth, forward”), Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb), Old Norse frá (preposition), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forward"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "from"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "framian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fram",
"3": "frame"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: fram, frame",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: fram, frame"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fram",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*framaz",
"t": "forward, protruding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, protruding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prom-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pr-",
"t": "forward, through"
},
"expansion": "*pr- (“forward, through”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *fram, from Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, protruding”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frames",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frames",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "framum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "fram"
},
"expansion": "fram",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fram"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "fremian"
},
{
"word": "fremman"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forward, firm, bold, stout, resolute"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"stout",
"stout"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"vigorous, strong"
],
"links": [
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"valiant, excellent"
],
"links": [
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"effective"
],
"links": [
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɑm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "from"
},
{
"word": "freom"
}
],
"word": "fram"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.