See by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "en",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "English by",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic shift from English by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "BY",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms written in foreign scripts",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 22 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "by某市长本人所説",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "by某市长本人所说",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"id": "en-by-zh-prep-KWGm0cjc",
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) according to"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pai¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baj"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "en",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "English by",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic shift from English by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "BY",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese informal terms",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese prepositions",
"Chinese terms borrowed from English",
"Chinese terms derived from English",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms written in foreign scripts",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin prepositions",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "by某市长本人所説",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "by某市长本人所说",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) according to"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pai¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baj"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
Download raw JSONL data for by meaning in Chinese (1.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"by"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "by/Chinese/prep: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"en\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"English by\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic shift from English by.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"BY\", \"tags\": [\"alternative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"preposition\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese informal terms\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese prepositions\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from English\", \"Chinese terms derived from English\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms written in foreign scripts\", \"Mandarin lemmas\", \"Mandarin prepositions\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Pages with 22 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"by某市长本人所説\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"bāi mǒu shìzhǎng běnrén suǒ shuō\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"by某市长本人所说\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"according to\"], \"links\": [[\"according to\", \"according to\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(informal) according to\"], \"tags\": [\"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bāi\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄅㄞ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bāi\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bai\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pai¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bāi\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bai\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"бай\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"baj\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/paɪ̯⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/paɪ̯⁵⁵/\"}], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.