See по in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
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"3": "*po"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po",
"name": "inh+"
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.",
"forms": [
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"form": "po",
"tags": [
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}
],
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"2": "preposition"
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"expansion": "по • (po)",
"name": "head"
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"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "po mére tovó kak",
"word": "по ме́ре того́ как"
}
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"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"english": "The cockroach ran across the table.",
"roman": "Tarakán bégal po stolú.",
"text": "Тарака́н бе́гал по столу́.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He swam down the river.",
"roman": "On plyl po reké.",
"text": "Он плыл по реке́.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They travelled around Europe.",
"roman": "Oní putešéstvovali po Jevrópe.",
"text": "Они́ путеше́ствовали по Евро́пе.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They travelled around different cities.",
"roman": "Oní putešéstvovali po ráznym gorodám.",
"text": "Они́ путеше́ствовали по ра́зным города́м.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He stroked my cheek. / He stroked me on/across the cheek.",
"roman": "On pogládil menjá po ščeké.",
"text": "Он погла́дил меня́ по щеке́.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They hit me on/over/across the head.",
"roman": "Oní udárili menjá po golové.",
"text": "Они́ уда́рили меня́ по голове́.",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
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"used broadly to indicate action, typically involving movement, across a surface or across several things in a generally flat plane; across, on, along, down, up, all over, (all) around"
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"id": "en-по-ru-prep-pFwqr93C",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Министе́рство по чрезвыча́йным ситуа́циям (МЧС) ― Ministérstvo po črezvyčájnym situácijam (MČS) ― The Ministry of Emergency Situations (MChS)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sewing guide / guide to/for/on sewing",
"roman": "rukovódstvo po šitʹjú",
"text": "руково́дство по шитью́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "recommendations to eliminate threats / recommendations for/on eliminating threats",
"roman": "rekomendácii po ustranéniju ugróz",
"text": "рекоменда́ции по устране́нию угро́з",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "biology exam (literally, “exam on/in/for biology”)",
"roman": "ekzámen po biológii",
"text": "экза́мен по биоло́гии",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
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"used to indicate the object/field/topic that something applies to; for, on, about, in, of (or translated with an attributive noun followed by a noun)"
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"examples": [
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"english": "judging from his behaviour",
"roman": "súdja po jevó povedéniju",
"text": "су́дя по его́ поведе́нию",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "I could tell by/from his voice.",
"roman": "Ja pónjal éto po jevó gólosu.",
"text": "Я по́нял э́то по его́ го́лосу.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "according to plan",
"roman": "po plánu",
"text": "по пла́ну",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "to act according to / in accordance/line with the rules",
"roman": "déjstvovatʹ po právilam",
"text": "де́йствовать по пра́вилам",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"roman": "On ušól na pénsiju po bolézni.",
"text": "Он ушёл на пе́нсию по боле́зни.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "Aaron was late yesterday because of a distraction.",
"roman": "Arón včerá opozdál po rasséjannosti.",
"text": "Аро́н вчера́ опозда́л по рассе́янности.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
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"english": "(on) Thursdays / every Thursday",
"roman": "po četvergám",
"text": "по четверга́м",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "evenings / every evening",
"roman": "po večerám",
"text": "по вечера́м",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used with time (usually times of day or days of the week) to indicate regular repetition; on, in (the), every (or translated with a plural noun)"
],
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "ка́ждый"
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"examples": [
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"english": "I gave each person twenty-one roubles.",
"roman": "Ja dal káždomu čelovéku po dvadcatí odnomú rubljú.",
"text": "Я дал ка́ждому челове́ку по двадцати́ одному́ рублю́.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "He swam a thousand metres every day.",
"roman": "On plával káždyj denʹ po týsjače métrov.",
"text": "Он пла́вал ка́ждый день по ты́сяче ме́тров.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "They sell a million albums a year.",
"roman": "Oní prodajút po milliónu alʹbómov v god.",
"text": "Они́ продаю́т по миллио́ну альбо́мов в год.",
"type": "example"
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"examples": [
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"text": "Они́ бы́ли разделены́ на гру́ппы по три челове́ка. ― Oní býli razdelený na grúppy po tri čelovéka. ― They were divided into groups of three people. (Note: not the animate трёх (trjox).)",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Он получа́л по два́дцать пять фу́нтов в неде́лю. ― On polučál po dvádcatʹ pjatʹ fúntov v nedélju. ― He received £25 a week.",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
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"used with numbers when there is distribution among multiple objects or repetition across multiple instances in time (inanimate accusative case is used with numbers other than one, a thousand, a million, a billion, a trillion etc. or numbers ending in these words)"
],
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"examples": [
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"english": "I stuck a bayonet into a gun to the very barrel.",
"roman": "Ja vsadíl v ružʹjó štyk po sámoje dúlo.",
"text": "Я всади́л в ружьё штык по са́мое ду́ло.",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
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"Used to indicate something serving as the boundary of the extent of some action."
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"roman": "po prijézde/pribýtii",
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"type": "example"
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"english": "after six months",
"roman": "po istečénii polugóda",
"text": "по истече́нии полуго́да",
"type": "example"
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"roman": "po njom",
"text": "по нём",
"type": "example"
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"to the liking of"
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"text": "Он горева́л по моём отсу́тствии. ― On gorevál po mojóm otsútstvii. ― He grieved (over) my absence.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They were going crazy for him.",
"roman": "Oní sxodíli po njom s umá.",
"text": "Они́ сходи́ли по нём с ума́.",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Я скуча́ю по тебе́. ― Ja skučáju po tebé. ― I miss you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
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"word": "по ме́ре того́ как"
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"english": "The cockroach ran across the table.",
"roman": "Tarakán bégal po stolú.",
"text": "Тарака́н бе́гал по столу́.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "He swam down the river.",
"roman": "On plyl po reké.",
"text": "Он плыл по реке́.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "They travelled around Europe.",
"roman": "Oní putešéstvovali po Jevrópe.",
"text": "Они́ путеше́ствовали по Евро́пе.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "They travelled around different cities.",
"roman": "Oní putešéstvovali po ráznym gorodám.",
"text": "Они́ путеше́ствовали по ра́зным города́м.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "He stroked my cheek. / He stroked me on/across the cheek.",
"roman": "On pogládil menjá po ščeké.",
"text": "Он погла́дил меня́ по щеке́.",
"type": "example"
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{
"english": "They hit me on/over/across the head.",
"roman": "Oní udárili menjá po golové.",
"text": "Они́ уда́рили меня́ по голове́.",
"type": "example"
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"2": "dat"
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"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"along",
"along"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"all over",
"all over"
],
[
"all",
"all around"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used broadly to indicate action, typically involving movement, across a surface or across several things in a generally flat plane; across, on, along, down, up, all over, (all) around:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Министе́рство по чрезвыча́йным ситуа́циям (МЧС) ― Ministérstvo po črezvyčájnym situácijam (MČS) ― The Ministry of Emergency Situations (MChS)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sewing guide / guide to/for/on sewing",
"roman": "rukovódstvo po šitʹjú",
"text": "руково́дство по шитью́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "recommendations to eliminate threats / recommendations for/on eliminating threats",
"roman": "rekomendácii po ustranéniju ugróz",
"text": "рекоменда́ции по устране́нию угро́з",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "biology exam (literally, “exam on/in/for biology”)",
"roman": "ekzámen po biológii",
"text": "экза́мен по биоло́гии",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used to indicate the object/field/topic that something applies to; for, on, about, in, of (or translated with an attributive noun followed by a noun)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "judging from his behaviour",
"roman": "súdja po jevó povedéniju",
"text": "су́дя по его́ поведе́нию",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I could tell by/from his voice.",
"roman": "Ja pónjal éto po jevó gólosu.",
"text": "Я по́нял э́то по его́ го́лосу.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "according to plan",
"roman": "po plánu",
"text": "по пла́ну",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to act according to / in accordance/line with the rules",
"roman": "déjstvovatʹ po právilam",
"text": "де́йствовать по пра́вилам",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used to indicate accordance with, adherence to or judgement based on something; according to, from, by"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "согла́сно"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He retired due to illness.",
"roman": "On ušól na pénsiju po bolézni.",
"text": "Он ушёл на пе́нсию по боле́зни.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Aaron was late yesterday because of a distraction.",
"roman": "Arón včerá opozdál po rasséjannosti.",
"text": "Аро́н вчера́ опозда́л по рассе́янности.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used to indicate the reason for something, typically undesired/undesirable (see usage notes on из-за (iz-za)); due to, on account of, out of, from, by"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"из-за",
"из-за#Russian"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"on account of",
"on account of"
],
[
"out of",
"out of"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "из-за"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(on) Thursdays / every Thursday",
"roman": "po četvergám",
"text": "по четверга́м",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "evenings / every evening",
"roman": "po večerám",
"text": "по вечера́м",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used with time (usually times of day or days of the week) to indicate regular repetition; on, in (the), every (or translated with a plural noun)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"every",
"every"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ка́ждый"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I gave each person twenty-one roubles.",
"roman": "Ja dal káždomu čelovéku po dvadcatí odnomú rubljú.",
"text": "Я дал ка́ждому челове́ку по двадцати́ одному́ рублю́.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He swam a thousand metres every day.",
"roman": "On plával káždyj denʹ po týsjače métrov.",
"text": "Он пла́вал ка́ждый день по ты́сяче ме́тров.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They sell a million albums a year.",
"roman": "Oní prodajút po milliónu alʹbómov v god.",
"text": "Они́ продаю́т по миллио́ну альбо́мов в год.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"used with numbers when there is distribution among multiple objects or repetition across multiple instances in time (dative case is used with the numbers one, a thousand, a million, a billion, a trillion etc. and numbers ending in these words)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"dative case",
"Appendix:Glossary#dative_case"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Они́ бы́ли разделены́ на гру́ппы по три челове́ка. ― Oní býli razdelený na grúppy po tri čelovéka. ― They were divided into groups of three people. (Note: not the animate трёх (trjox).)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Он получа́л по два́дцать пять фу́нтов в неде́лю. ― On polučál po dvádcatʹ pjatʹ fúntov v nedélju. ― He received £25 a week.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"used with numbers when there is distribution among multiple objects or repetition across multiple instances in time (inanimate accusative case is used with numbers other than one, a thousand, a million, a billion, a trillion etc. or numbers ending in these words)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"inanimate",
"Appendix:Glossary#inanimate"
],
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative_case"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I stuck a bayonet into a gun to the very barrel.",
"roman": "Ja vsadíl v ružʹjó štyk po sámoje dúlo.",
"text": "Я всади́л в ружьё штык по са́мое ду́ло.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"Used to indicate something serving as the boundary of the extent of some action."
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "до"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian literary terms",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "on/upon arrival",
"roman": "po prijézde/pribýtii",
"text": "по прие́зде/прибы́тии",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "after six months",
"roman": "po istečénii polugóda",
"text": "по истече́нии полуго́да",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with prepositional]",
"Used to indicate a temporal or spatial boundary; (immediately) after, upon, on"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pre"
},
"expansion": "[with prepositional]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"prepositional"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"official",
"official#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"qualifier": "official",
"raw_glosses": [
"[with prepositional]",
"(literary, official) Used to indicate a temporal or spatial boundary; (immediately) after, upon, on"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "по́сле"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to his liking",
"roman": "po njom",
"text": "по нём",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with prepositional]",
"to the liking of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pre"
},
"expansion": "[with prepositional]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"prepositional"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"liking",
"liking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with prepositional or dative]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pre/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with prepositional or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative",
"prepositional"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Он горева́л по моём отсу́тствии. ― On gorevál po mojóm otsútstvii. ― He grieved (over) my absence.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They were going crazy for him.",
"roman": "Oní sxodíli po njom s umá.",
"text": "Они́ сходи́ли по нём с ума́.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Я скуча́ю по тебе́. ― Ja skučáju po tebé. ― I miss you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with prepositional or dative]",
"used to indicate an object of rumination, yearning, mourning; over, for"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pre/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with prepositional or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative",
"prepositional"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pə]"
},
{
"ipa": "[pɐ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpo]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-по.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%BE.ogg"
}
],
"word": "по"
}
Download raw JSONL data for по meaning in Russian (12.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.