See by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for by meaning in English (96.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bit by bit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by and by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by day"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by degrees"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by dint of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by means of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by night"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by one's lonesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by right"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by rights"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by the book"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by the bye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by the way"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by way of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by your leave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "do good by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "do right by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hard by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "off-by-one"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "secure by design"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "side by side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by the by"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "by",
"3": "BY",
"bor": "1",
"sc": "Hani",
"sc2": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Near or next to."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-GUvDPpPu",
"links": [
[
"Near",
"near"
],
[
"next",
"next"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-jānib",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "بِجَانِب"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ganb",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "جنب"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "janb",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "جنب"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mot",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "մոտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "koġkʻin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "կողքին"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yanında",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "янында"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "bar",
"lang": "Bavarian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kraj",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "край"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "al costat"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "proïsme"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zāi … pang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "在……旁"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "u"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bij"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vieressä"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "à côté de"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "au bord de"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "près de"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cabo"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "so"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bei"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "neben"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kokoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "hiʻialo"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "עד"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jānib",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "जानिब"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "-nál/-nél (allative case)",
"sense": "near, or next to"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "við"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "di sebelah ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vicino"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "accanto"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ravvicinato"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"alt": "のそばに",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no sobani",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "…の側に"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"alt": "のそばで",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no sobade",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "…の側で"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "...king lele naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "...king siping naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kalele naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kasiping naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pangalele naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pangasiping naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeope",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "옆에"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeote",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "곁에"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li rex"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li nêzî"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li kêleka"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li tenişta"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "aput"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "prie"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaj",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "кај"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "di sebelah"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "swb",
"lang": "Maore Comorian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "wangoni mwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "i te taha o"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "be"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "przy"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "obok"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "perto"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "próximo"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "lângă"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ókolo",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "о́коло"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rjádom s",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ря́дом с"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "u",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "у"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pri"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pri"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pla"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pśi"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cerca de"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"english": "close to",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "intill"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kiang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "เคียง"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtìt gàp",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ติดกับ"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kâang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ข้าง"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bên cạnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "gần"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cạnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kề"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bên"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 6 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "wrth"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The stream runs by our back door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He ran straight by me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-7JnkmwHe",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Be back by ten o'clock!.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We'll find someone by the end of March.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We will send it by the first week of July.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval)."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-nZhYq0VK",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕinda",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "عِنْدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fī",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "فِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥawālī",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "حوالي"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "per a"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "...zi¹ cin⁴",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "……之前"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "...zhīqián",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "……之前"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "inden"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "tegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "antaŭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "mennessä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "avant"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "bis"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "עד"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "तक"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"sublative"
],
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"sublative"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"terminative"
],
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "fyrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "entro"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…madeni",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "…までに"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "angga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "anggang"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "angga king..."
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...kkaji",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "...까지"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "heta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "menjelang"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "innen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "be"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâ",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "تا"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "até"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "înainte de"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "k",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "к"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "para"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "innan"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "تک"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 2 67 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "vào (in conjunction with đã)",
"sense": "not later than"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The matter was decided by the chairman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The boat was swamped by the water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He was protected by his body armour.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following a passive verb."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause",
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min qibal",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "مِن قِبَل"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "be-",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "بـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "من"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tərəfindən"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"note": "тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "от"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "被"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóu",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "由"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "讓"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ràng",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "让"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "給"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gěi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "给"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiào",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "叫"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "af"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "door"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "jn",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "i-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "von"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "durch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "þairh",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupó",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"agent",
"animate",
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "ῠ̔πό"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"note": "ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'al yadei",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "על ידי"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be'emtza'ut",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "באמצעות"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "hi",
"english": "...se",
"lang": "Hindi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...से"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "által"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "da"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…ni",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…に"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyori",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…により"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyotte",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…によって"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "uling king..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "uli naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "pauli ning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "agpang"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngayu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngara"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngana"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "bilang"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "…e",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…에"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...rosseo",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로써"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...roseo",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로서"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e uihae",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...에 의해"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ji alî"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ji aliyê ... ve"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "od",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "од"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ni"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "av"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "przez"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de către"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "od"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "na"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "av"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tarafından"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tamanından"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tarapyndan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "ur",
"english": "...se",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...سے"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tomonidan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "bởi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "gan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 4 19 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 9 4 5 0 6 3 1",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "troch"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following a noun."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause1",
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I was aghast by what I saw."
},
{
"ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109",
"text": "In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following an adjective."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-en:cause1",
"raw_glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective."
],
"raw_tags": [
"not in common modern use"
],
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-sA1iO7TU",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "li-",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "لِـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "byād",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ܒܝܲܕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "от"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "od"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "af"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "door"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "vanwege"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "far"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "genitive of the name of author",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "von"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "me'et",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "מאת"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"ablative"
],
"word": "-tól"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"ablative"
],
"word": "-től"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "eftir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "da"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "da"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "di"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "作…"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "…作"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "nang..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "...a"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gaua nang..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gaua dareng..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ui",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "...의"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "bi destê"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ji alî"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "od",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "од"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "av"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "of"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "przez"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "le"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "od"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "od"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "av"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "tarafindan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "của"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 6 6 6 26 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 1 6 3 1",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "troch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We went by bus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I discovered it by chance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By 'maybe' she means 'no'.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight."
},
{
"ref": "1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16",
"text": "Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish",
"text": "By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-B79fmNdx",
"links": [
[
"means",
"means#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an authority according to which something is done."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-en:authority",
"senseid": [
"en:authority"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "By Jove! I think she's got it!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
"text": "'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.",
"Invokes an authority in an oath."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-en:authority1",
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:authority"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "þurh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 15 26 5 5 4 5 0 5 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "pe"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I sorted the items by category.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a means of classification or organisation."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-adnQN9Ps",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "podle"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "laŭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mukaisesti"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mukaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "nach"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lefy",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "לפי"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"english": "according to",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "szerint"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "dal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "…に従って"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang king"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang naning"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang kang"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e ttara",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "...에 따라"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "li gor"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "li dû"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "cata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mengikut"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "etter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "według"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "după"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "по"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "podľa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "po"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "по"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "theo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "theo như"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "tuân theo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 14 3 3 41 3 2 6 1 4 3 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "loyt",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "לויט"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our stock is up by ten percent.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His date of birth was wrong by ten years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-nkubjVnz",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "met"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-lla"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "-llä (adessive case)",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "um"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be-",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ב־"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-val"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-vel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "del"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "di"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "…に"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "king"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "ketang"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "em"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "на"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "za"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "wó"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "на"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 51 2 6 1 3 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "(not translated)",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We went through the book page by page.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We crawled forward by inches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-AJ5-LVnu",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙ",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "առ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \"house by house\")",
"sense": "indicates steady progression"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "um"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "-nként"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "di"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "king"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "keng"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "balang"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "demi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "etter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "for"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "за"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "за"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5 1 7 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "từng (optionally: + unit + một)",
"sense": "indicates steady progression"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross"
},
{
"text": "He drinks brandy by the bucketful!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-2B57Ud-N",
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His health was deteriorating by the day.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The pickers are paid by the bushel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"per; with or in proportion to each."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-qAbDM0Pf",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per"
],
[
"proportion",
"proportion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He cheated by his own admission.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81",
"text": "Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a referenced source: According to."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-zFugKWWt"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-5PGMnFZy",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bij"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "auf"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "mal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-szor"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-szer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-ször"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bang"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bakanitang..."
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "na"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 70 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"note": "-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
],
"id": "en-by-en-prep-JFxXce17",
"links": [
[
"sire",
"sire#English"
],
[
"out of",
"out of#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "horse breeding",
"raw_glosses": [
"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "بِـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "vasitəsilə"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yòng",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "用…"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóu",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "由…"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "pomocí"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "prostřednictvím"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ved at"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "door"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "op"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "adessive of the means",
"sense": "indicates a means"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "+ present participle",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "en"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "au moyen de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "mit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "mittels"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "durch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "indem"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diá",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "διά"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apó",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "από"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "al yedey",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "על ידי"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "-val"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "-vel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "által"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "útján"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "révén"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "kena"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "con"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…で"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…により"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyotte",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…によって"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit naning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit ning..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ibat king..."
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...ken"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bilang"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...rosseo",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...로써"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "pa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "dengan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"english": "shows an instrument or tool",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"tags": [
"with-infinitive"
],
"word": "ha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "med"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "þurh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "s"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "z"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"tags": [
"with-infinitive"
],
"word": "genom att"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "vasıtasıyla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "za dopomohoju",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "за допомогою"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bằng cách"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "theo cách"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 3 4 4 4 4 24 4 4 25 4 4 4 1 6 2 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "â"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "بِـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "bar",
"lang": "Bavarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "kautta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "bei"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ma",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "μα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"alt": "+ acc.",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "nḗ",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "νή"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "szerint"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "alapján"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "著…"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "…著"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "papunta king..."
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "gamit ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "mig-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "meg-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ot ímeni",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "от и́мени"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vo ímja",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "во и́мя"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 4 4 1 0 39 41 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "trước"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by the by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bypass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "drop by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "full and by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nearby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pass by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "passerby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "put by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "right by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stand by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stop by"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "by (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I watched as it passed by."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Along a path which runs past the speaker."
],
"id": "en-by-en-adv-KnwbgEyo",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "forbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "langs"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "ohi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"alt": "みちにそって",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michi ni sotte",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "道に沿って"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "tê re"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "di ber re"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "di sepanjang"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "along a path",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "por mim"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "along a path",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "por nós"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "seachad"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "okolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs med"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povz",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "повз"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 0 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "qua"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a shepherd close by."
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the vicinity, near."
],
"id": "en-by-en-adv-Qk837xYU",
"links": [
[
"vicinity",
"vicinity"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll stop by on my way home from work."
},
{
"text": "We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To or at a place, as a residence or place of business."
],
"id": "en-by-en-adv-SzIj2BDN",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring."
}
],
"glosses": [
"aside, away"
],
"id": "en-by-en-adv-4JaLoBr2",
"links": [
[
"aside",
"aside"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) aside, away"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "main"
},
{
"word": "principal"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "English terms prefixed with by-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "by (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 2 2 7 1 1 1 6 1 9 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 8 1 4 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 1 2 8 1 1 1 5 1 7 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 10 0 5 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 1 3 7 1 1 1 6 2 8 4 4 4 3 6 4 4 4 4 3 9 1 5 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 13 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 9 1 4 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a by path, a by room"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Out of the way, off to one side."
],
"id": "en-by-en-adj-tuCt-m1E",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "by catch, a by issue"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subsidiary, incidental."
],
"id": "en-by-en-adj-8O~Jymsp",
"links": [
[
"Subsidiary",
"subsidiary"
],
[
"incidental",
"incidental"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bys",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "by (plural bys)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bye"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bye."
],
"id": "en-by-en-noun-OXZ6R6hi",
"links": [
[
"bye",
"bye#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "goodbye",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Dated form of bye (“goodbye”)."
],
"id": "en-by-en-intj-za5DE79Q",
"links": [
[
"bye",
"bye#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English two-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
"Requests for translations into Albanian",
"Requests for translations into Breton",
"Requests for translations into Cantonese",
"Requests for translations into Estonian",
"Requests for translations into Hindi",
"Requests for translations into Indonesian",
"Requests for translations into Javanese",
"Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
"Requests for translations into Kazakh",
"Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bit by bit"
},
{
"word": "by and by"
},
{
"word": "by day"
},
{
"word": "by degrees"
},
{
"word": "by dint of"
},
{
"word": "by means of"
},
{
"word": "by night"
},
{
"word": "by oneself"
},
{
"word": "by one's lonesome"
},
{
"word": "by right"
},
{
"word": "by rights"
},
{
"word": "by the book"
},
{
"word": "by the by"
},
{
"word": "by the bye"
},
{
"word": "by the way"
},
{
"word": "by way of"
},
{
"word": "by your leave"
},
{
"word": "do good by"
},
{
"word": "do right by"
},
{
"word": "hard by"
},
{
"word": "off-by-one"
},
{
"word": "secure by design"
},
{
"word": "side by side"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "by",
"3": "BY",
"bor": "1",
"sc": "Hani",
"sc2": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The mailbox is by the bus stop.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Near or next to."
],
"links": [
[
"Near",
"near"
],
[
"next",
"next"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The stream runs by our back door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He ran straight by me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past."
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Be back by ten o'clock!.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We'll find someone by the end of March.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We will send it by the first week of July.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval)."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The matter was decided by the chairman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The boat was swamped by the water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He was protected by his body armour.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following a passive verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following a noun."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I was aghast by what I saw."
},
{
"ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109",
"text": "In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"Following an adjective."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.",
"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective."
],
"raw_tags": [
"not in common modern use"
],
"senseid": [
"en:cause"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We went by bus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I discovered it by chance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By 'maybe' she means 'no'.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight."
},
{
"ref": "1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16",
"text": "Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish",
"text": "By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of."
],
"links": [
[
"means",
"means#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an authority according to which something is done."
],
"senseid": [
"en:authority"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "By Jove! I think she's got it!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
"text": "'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.",
"Invokes an authority in an oath."
],
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:authority"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I sorted the items by category.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a means of classification or organisation."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our stock is up by ten percent.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His date of birth was wrong by ten years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We went through the book page by page.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We crawled forward by inches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross"
},
{
"text": "He drinks brandy by the bucketful!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
],
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His health was deteriorating by the day.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The pickers are paid by the bushel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"per; with or in proportion to each."
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per"
],
[
"proportion",
"proportion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He cheated by his own admission.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81",
"text": "Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a referenced source: According to."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something."
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
],
"links": [
[
"sire",
"sire#English"
],
[
"out of",
"out of#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "horse breeding",
"raw_glosses": [
"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-jānib",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "بِجَانِب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ganb",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "جنب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "janb",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "جنب"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mot",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "մոտ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "koġkʻin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "կողքին"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yanında",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "янында"
},
{
"code": "bar",
"lang": "Bavarian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kraj",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "край"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "al costat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "proïsme"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zāi … pang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "在……旁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "u"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bij"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vieressä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "à côté de"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "au bord de"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "près de"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cabo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "so"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "neben"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kokoke"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "hiʻialo"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "עד"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jānib",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "जानिब"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "-nál/-nél (allative case)",
"sense": "near, or next to"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "við"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "di sebelah ..."
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vicino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "accanto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ravvicinato"
},
{
"alt": "のそばに",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no sobani",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "…の側に"
},
{
"alt": "のそばで",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no sobade",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "…の側で"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "...king lele naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "...king siping naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kalele naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kasiping naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pangalele naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pangasiping naning..."
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeope",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "옆에"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeote",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "곁에"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li rex"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li nêzî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li kêleka"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "li tenişta"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "apud"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "aput"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "prie"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaj",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "кај"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "di sebelah"
},
{
"code": "swb",
"lang": "Maore Comorian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "wangoni mwa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "i te taha o"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "i"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "be"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "przy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "obok"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "perto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "próximo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "lângă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ókolo",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "о́коло"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rjádom s",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ря́дом с"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "u",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "у"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pri"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pri"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pla"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "pśi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cerca de"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "close to",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "intill"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kiang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "เคียง"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtìt gàp",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ติดกับ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kâang",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "ข้าง"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bên cạnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "gần"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "cạnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "kề"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "bên"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "near, or next to",
"word": "wrth"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕinda",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "عِنْدَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fī",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "فِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥawālī",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "حوالي"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "per a"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "...zi¹ cin⁴",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "……之前"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "...zhīqián",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "……之前"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "inden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "tegen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "antaŭ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "mennessä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "avant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "bis"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "עד"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "तक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"sublative"
],
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"sublative"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not later than",
"tags": [
"terminative"
],
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "fyrir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "entro"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…madeni",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "…までに"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "angga"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "anggang"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "angga king..."
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...kkaji",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "...까지"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "ta"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "heta"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "menjelang"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "innen"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "be"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâ",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "تا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "até"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "înainte de"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "k",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "do"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "para"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "innan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tak",
"sense": "not later than",
"word": "تک"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "vào (in conjunction with đã)",
"sense": "not later than"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min qibal",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "مِن قِبَل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "be-",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "بـ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "من"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tərəfindən"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"note": "тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "от"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "被"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóu",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "由"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "讓"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ràng",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "让"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "給"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gěi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "给"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiào",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "叫"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "af"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "door"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "jn",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "i-n"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "von"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "durch"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "þairh",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupó",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"tags": [
"agent",
"animate",
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "ῠ̔πό"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"note": "ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'al yadei",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "על ידי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be'emtza'ut",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "באמצעות"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"english": "...se",
"lang": "Hindi",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...से"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "által"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "da"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…ni",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…に"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyori",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…により"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyotte",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…によって"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "uling king..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "uli naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "pauli ning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "agpang"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngayu"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngara"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ngana"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "bilang"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "…e",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "…에"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...rosseo",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로써"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...roseo",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...로서"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e uihae",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...에 의해"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ji alî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ji aliyê ... ve"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "a"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "od",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "од"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "ni"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "av"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "fram"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "przez"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "de către"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "od"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "na"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "av"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tarafından"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tamanından"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tarapyndan"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"english": "...se",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "...سے"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "tomonidan"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "bởi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "gan"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicates the agent of a passive verb",
"word": "troch"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-wāsiṭa",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "بِوَاسِطَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "li-",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "لِـ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "byād",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ܒܝܲܕ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "от"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "od"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "af"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "door"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "vanwege"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "far"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "genitive of the name of author",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "von"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "me'et",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "מאת"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"ablative"
],
"word": "-tól"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"ablative"
],
"word": "-től"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "eftir"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "da"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "a"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "da"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "作…"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "…作"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "nang..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "...a"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gaua nang..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gaua dareng..."
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ui",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "...의"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "bi destê"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ji alî"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "a"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "od",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "од"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "oleh"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "av"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "of"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "przez"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "le"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "od"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "od"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "av"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "tarafindan"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "của"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "gan"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicates creator of a work",
"word": "troch"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "بِـ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "vasitəsilə"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yòng",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "用…"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóu",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "由…"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "pomocí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "prostřednictvím"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ved at"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "door"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "op"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "adessive of the means",
"sense": "indicates a means"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "+ present participle",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "en"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "au moyen de"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "mit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "mittels"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "durch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "indem"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "diá",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "διά"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apó",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "από"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "al yedey",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "על ידי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "-val"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "-vel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "által"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "útján"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "révén"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "kena"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "con"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…で"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…により"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "…niyotte",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "…によって"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit ing"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit naning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "gamit ning..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ibat king..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...ken"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bilang"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...rosseo",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...로써"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ab"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "pa"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "dengan"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "shows an instrument or tool",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"tags": [
"with-infinitive"
],
"word": "ha"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "med"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "þurh"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "a"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "s"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "z"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"tags": [
"with-infinitive"
],
"word": "genom att"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "doy",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "โดย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "vasıtasıyla"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "za dopomohoju",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "за допомогою"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "bằng cách"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "theo cách"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "indicates a means",
"word": "â"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bi-",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "بِـ"
},
{
"code": "bar",
"lang": "Bavarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "de"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "kautta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "bei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ma",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "μα"
},
{
"alt": "+ acc.",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "nḗ",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "νή"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "szerint"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "alapján"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "著…"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "…著"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "papunta king..."
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "gamit ing"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "mig-"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "meg-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "nā"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "ved"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ot ímeni",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "от и́мени"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vo ímja",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "во и́мя"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "with the authority of",
"word": "trước"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "þurh"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(indicates an oath) with the authority of",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "podle"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "laŭ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mukaisesti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mukaan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "nach"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lefy",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "לפי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "according to",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "szerint"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "dal"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "…に従って"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang king"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang naning"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "agpang kang"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e ttara",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "...에 따라"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...ro",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "...로"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "li gor"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "li dû"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "cata"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "mengikut"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "etter"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "według"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "după"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "по"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "podľa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "по"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "theo"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "theo như"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "tuân theo"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "loyt",
"sense": "indicating means of classification or organisation",
"word": "לויט"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "met"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-lla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "-llä (adessive case)",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "um"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "be-",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ב־"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-val"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "-vel"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "del"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "…に"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "king"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "ketang"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "em"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "на"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "o"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "za"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "wó"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "med"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy",
"word": "на"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "(not translated)",
"sense": "indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙ",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "առ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \"house by house\")",
"sense": "indicates steady progression"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "um"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "-nként"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "king"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "keng"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "balang"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "bi"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "demi"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "etter"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "for"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "за"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "za"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "efter"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "indicates steady progression",
"word": "за"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "từng (optionally: + unit + một)",
"sense": "indicates steady progression"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bij"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "par"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "auf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "mal"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-szor"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-szer"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "-ször"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bang"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "bakanitang..."
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "na"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"note": "-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)",
"sense": "used to separate dimensions"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English two-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
"Requests for translations into Albanian",
"Requests for translations into Breton",
"Requests for translations into Cantonese",
"Requests for translations into Estonian",
"Requests for translations into Hindi",
"Requests for translations into Indonesian",
"Requests for translations into Javanese",
"Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
"Requests for translations into Kazakh",
"Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bypass"
},
{
"word": "by the by"
},
{
"word": "drop by"
},
{
"word": "full and by"
},
{
"word": "nearby"
},
{
"word": "pass by"
},
{
"word": "passerby"
},
{
"word": "put by"
},
{
"word": "right by"
},
{
"word": "stand by"
},
{
"word": "stop by"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "by"
},
"expansion": "Middle English by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bi"
},
"expansion": "bi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bī",
"4": "",
"5": "by; near; around"
},
"expansion": "Old English bī (“by; near; around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bi",
"4": "",
"5": "near; by; around; about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian by (“by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "by",
"3": "",
"4": "at; by; near"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bij (“near; by”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "by (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I watched as it passed by."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Along a path which runs past the speaker."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a shepherd close by."
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the vicinity, near."
],
"links": [
[
"vicinity",
"vicinity"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll stop by on my way home from work."
},
{
"text": "We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To or at a place, as a residence or place of business."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring."
}
],
"glosses": [
"aside, away"
],
"links": [
[
"aside",
"aside"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) aside, away"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "bi"
},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-by.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "forbi"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "langs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "ohi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs"
},
{
"alt": "みちにそって",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michi ni sotte",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "道に沿って"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "tê re"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "di ber re"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "di sepanjang"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "along a path",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "por mim"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "along a path",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "por nós"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "seachad"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "okolo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "längs med"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povz",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "повз"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "along a path",
"word": "qua"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "main"
},
{
"word": "principal"
}
],
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"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
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"English countable nouns",
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"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
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"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English two-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
"Requests for translations into Albanian",
"Requests for translations into Breton",
"Requests for translations into Cantonese",
"Requests for translations into Estonian",
"Requests for translations into Hindi",
"Requests for translations into Indonesian",
"Requests for translations into Javanese",
"Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
"Requests for translations into Kazakh",
"Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "English terms prefixed with by-"
}
],
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"3": "by"
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"name": "m"
},
{
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"4": "",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
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"name": "inh"
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{
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
{
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"3": "",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "by",
"3": "",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "bij",
"3": "",
"4": "near; by"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "bei",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
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{
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"1": "-"
},
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a by path, a by room"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Out of the way, off to one side."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "by catch, a by issue"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subsidiary, incidental."
],
"links": [
[
"Subsidiary",
"subsidiary"
],
[
"incidental",
"incidental"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/baɪ/",
"tags": [
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"US"
]
},
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},
{
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},
{
"homophone": "bye"
},
{
"homophone": "buy"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bī"
}
],
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{
"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
"word": "bye"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"by"
],
"word": "by"
}
{
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"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English two-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
"Requests for translations into Albanian",
"Requests for translations into Breton",
"Requests for translations into Cantonese",
"Requests for translations into Estonian",
"Requests for translations into Hindi",
"Requests for translations into Indonesian",
"Requests for translations into Javanese",
"Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
"Requests for translations into Kazakh",
"Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"2": "bi",
"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).",
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"plural"
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}
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],
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[
"bye",
"bye#English"
]
],
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"US"
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{
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"tags": [
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}
],
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"english": "archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection",
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}
],
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],
"word": "by"
}
{
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"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
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"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English two-letter words",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for translations into Afrikaans",
"Requests for translations into Albanian",
"Requests for translations into Breton",
"Requests for translations into Cantonese",
"Requests for translations into Estonian",
"Requests for translations into Hindi",
"Requests for translations into Indonesian",
"Requests for translations into Javanese",
"Requests for translations into Kashmiri",
"Requests for translations into Kazakh",
"Requests for translations into Lithuanian",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
],
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},
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"3": "",
"4": "by; near; at"
},
"expansion": "German bei (“by; near; at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
"extra": "goodbye",
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],
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}
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg",
"tags": [
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}
],
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],
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}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
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],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-n\\u00e1l/-n\\u00e9l (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"v\\u00e0o (in conjunction with \\u0111\\u00e3)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"\\u0442\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u0444\\u044b\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d (taraf\\u0131nan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"\\u1f10\\u03bd (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-ll\\u00e4 (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"t\\u1eebng (optionally: + unit + m\\u1ed9t)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "by/English/prep: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English adverbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English interjections\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English prepositions\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English two-letter words\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Hijazi Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Lao translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Requests for translations into Afrikaans\", \"Requests for translations into Albanian\", \"Requests for translations into Breton\", \"Requests for translations into Cantonese\", \"Requests for translations into Estonian\", \"Requests for translations into Hindi\", \"Requests for translations into Indonesian\", \"Requests for translations into Javanese\", \"Requests for translations into Kashmiri\", \"Requests for translations into Kazakh\", \"Requests for translations into Lithuanian\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ\", \"Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"bit by bit\"}, {\"word\": \"by and by\"}, {\"word\": \"by day\"}, {\"word\": \"by degrees\"}, {\"word\": \"by dint of\"}, {\"word\": \"by means of\"}, {\"word\": \"by night\"}, {\"word\": \"by oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"by one's lonesome\"}, {\"word\": \"by right\"}, {\"word\": \"by rights\"}, {\"word\": \"by the book\"}, {\"word\": \"by the by\"}, {\"word\": \"by the bye\"}, {\"word\": \"by the way\"}, {\"word\": \"by way of\"}, {\"word\": \"by your leave\"}, {\"word\": \"do good by\"}, {\"word\": \"do right by\"}, {\"word\": \"hard by\"}, {\"word\": \"off-by-one\"}, {\"word\": \"secure by design\"}, {\"word\": \"side by side\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"cmn\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"BY\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"sc\": \"Hani\", \"sc2\": \"Hani\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English by\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"bi\"}, \"expansion\": \"bi\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"bī\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"by; near; around\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English bī (“by; near; around”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*bī\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *bī\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*bi\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near; by; around; about\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₁epi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian by (“by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"af\", \"2\": \"by\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"at; by; near\"}, \"expansion\": \"Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"bie\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"bij\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"near; by\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch bij (“near; by”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds-de\", \"2\": \"bi\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Low German bi (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"bei\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"by; near; at\"}, \"expansion\": \"German bei (“by; near; at”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\\nCognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"prepositions\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"by\", \"name\": \"en-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The mailbox is by the bus stop.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Near or next to.\"], \"links\": [[\"Near\", \"near\"], [\"next\", \"next\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The stream runs by our back door.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He ran straight by me.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.\"], \"links\": [[\"past\", \"past\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Be back by ten o'clock!.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We'll find someone by the end of March.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We will send it by the first week of July.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The matter was decided by the chairman.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The boat was swamped by the water.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was protected by his body armour.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport\", \"text\": \"Valencia threatened sporadically in the first half with Miguel having a decent effort deflected wide by Ashley Cole, while Jordi Alba's near-post cross was flicked into the sidenetting by Pablo Hernandez.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a passive verb.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following a noun.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I was aghast by what I saw.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, 2005 Barnes & Noble Classics publication of 1912 Wessex edition, p.109\", \"text\": \"In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.\", \"(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"not in common modern use\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cause\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We went by bus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I discovered it by chance.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By 'maybe' she means 'no'.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.\"}, {\"ref\": \"1945, Neva L. Boyd, Handbook of Recreational Games, Dover, published 1975, page 16\", \"text\": \"Players: Can we get there by candlelight? ¶ Gatekeepers: Yes and back again.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", \"text\": \"By the light of the moon, / by the light of a star / they walked all night\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.\"], \"links\": [[\"means\", \"means#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"By Jove! I think she's got it!\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard\", \"text\": \"'By my soul! I believe something bad has happened me,' he muttered, and popped up his window, and looked out, half dreaming over the church-yard on the park beyond […]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates an authority according to which something is done.\", \"Invokes an authority in an oath.\"], \"links\": [[\"oath\", \"oath#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:authority\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I sorted the items by category.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a means of classification or organisation.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Our stock is up by ten percent.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His date of birth was wrong by ten years.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"We went through the book page by page.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We crawled forward by inches.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross\"}, {\"text\": \"He drinks brandy by the bucketful!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"with the\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"His health was deteriorating by the day.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The pickers are paid by the bushel.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"per; with or in proportion to each.\"], \"links\": [[\"per\", \"per\"], [\"proportion\", \"proportion\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He cheated by his own admission.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1722, William Wollaston, “Sect. V. Truths relating to the Deity. Of his exiſtence, perfection, providence, &c.”, in The Religion of Nature Delineated, page 81\", \"text\": \"Ignorant and ſuperſtitious wretches meaſure the actions of letterd and philoſophical men by the tattle of their nurſes or illiterate parents and companions, or by the faſhion of the country : and people of differing religions judge and condemn each other by their own tenents ; when both of them cannot be in the right, and it is well if either of them are.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Indicates a referenced source: According to.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"], \"links\": [[\"sire\", \"sire#English\"], [\"out of\", \"out of#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"horse breeding\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/baɪ/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aɪ\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bi\"}, {\"homophone\": \"bye\"}, {\"homophone\": \"buy\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-by.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg/En-us-by.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-by.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}, {\"enpr\": \"bī\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"archaic for preposition and adverb, not used for abbreviation, preferred for noun and interjection\", \"word\": \"bye\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"بِجَانِب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ganb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"janb\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"جنب\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"mot\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"մոտ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"koġkʻin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"կողքին\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"yanında\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"янында\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kraj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"край\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"al costat\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"proïsme\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zāi … pang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"在……旁\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"u\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vieressä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"à côté de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"au bord de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"près de\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cabo\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"so\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"neben\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kokoke\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"hiʻialo\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jānib\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"जानिब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"-nál/-nél (allative case)\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"við\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah ...\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vicino\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"accanto\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ravvicinato\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばに\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobani\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側に\"}, {\"alt\": \"のそばで\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"no sobade\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"…の側で\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king lele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"...king siping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangalele naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pangasiping naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yeope\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"옆에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyeote\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"곁에\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li rex\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li nêzî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li kêleka\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"li tenişta\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"apud\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"aput\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"prie\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kaj\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"кај\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"di sebelah\"}, {\"code\": \"swb\", \"lang\": \"Maore Comorian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wangoni mwa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i te taha o\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"i\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"przy\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"obok\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"perto\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"próximo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"lângă\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ókolo\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"о́коло\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rjádom s\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ря́дом с\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"u\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"у\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pri\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pla\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"pśi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cerca de\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"english\": \"close to\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"intill\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kiang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"เคียง\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtìt gàp\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ติดกับ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kâang\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"ข้าง\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"gần\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"cạnh\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"kề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"bên\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"near, or next to\", \"word\": \"wrth\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʕinda\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"عِنْدَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"فِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥawālī\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حوالي\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"per a\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"...zi¹ cin⁴\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"...zhīqián\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"……之前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"inden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"tegen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"antaŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"mennessä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"avant\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bis\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"עד\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"तक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"sublative\"], \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"tags\": [\"terminative\"], \"word\": \"-ig\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"fyrir\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"entro\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…madeni\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"…までに\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"anggang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"angga king...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...kkaji\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"...까지\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"ta\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"heta\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"menjelang\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innen\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"be\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tâ\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"até\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"înainte de\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"k\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"к\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"do\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"para\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"innan\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"do\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"до\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tak\", \"sense\": \"not later than\", \"word\": \"تک\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"vào (in conjunction with đã)\", \"sense\": \"not later than\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min qibal\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"مِن قِبَل\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بـ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"min\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"من\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tərəfindən\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"note\": \"тарафынан (tarafınan) (used in postposition)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bèi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"被\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"由\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"讓\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ràng\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"让\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"給\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gěi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"给\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiào\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"叫\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"egy\", \"lang\": \"Egyptian\", \"roman\": \"jn\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"i-n\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þairh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"], \"word\": \"𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"hupó\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"tags\": [\"agent\", \"animate\", \"with-genitive\"], \"word\": \"ῠ̔πό\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"note\": \"ἐν (en) (+ dative, inanimate instrument)\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"'al yadei\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be'emtza'ut\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"באמצעות\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...से\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…ni\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyori\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uling king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"uli naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"pauli ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"agpang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngayu\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngara\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ngana\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"…e\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"…에\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...roseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...로서\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e uihae\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...에 의해\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ji aliyê ... ve\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"ni\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"fram\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"de către\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarafından\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tamanından\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tarapyndan\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"english\": \"...se\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"...سے\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"tomonidan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"bởi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates the agent of a passive verb\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-wāsiṭa\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"بِوَاسِطَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"li-\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"لِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"byād\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ܒܝܲܕ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ot\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"от\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"af\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"vanwege\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"far\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"genitive of the name of author\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"von\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"me'et\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"מאת\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-tól\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\"], \"word\": \"-től\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"eftir\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"da\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"作…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"…作\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...a\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua nang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gaua dareng...\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ui\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"...의\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi destê\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ji alî\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"od\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"од\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"oleh\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"of\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"przez\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"le\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"tags\": [\"rare\"], \"word\": \"od\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"av\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"tarafindan\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"của\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"gan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"indicates creator of a work\", \"word\": \"troch\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasitəsilə\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yòng\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"用…\"}, {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yóu\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"由…\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pomocí\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"prostřednictvím\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ved at\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"door\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"op\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"adessive of the means\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"+ present participle\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"en\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"au moyen de\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mit\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"mittels\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"durch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"indem\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"diá\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"διά\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apó\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"από\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"al yedey\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"על ידי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"által\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"útján\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"révén\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"kena\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"con\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…で\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…により\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"…niyotte\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"…によって\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit naning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"gamit ning...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ibat king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...ken\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bilang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...rosseo\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로써\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ab\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"pa\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"dengan\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"english\": \"shows an instrument or tool\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"ki\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"ha\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"a\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"s\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"z\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"tags\": [\"with-infinitive\"], \"word\": \"genom att\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"doy\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"โดย\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"vasıtasıyla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za dopomohoju\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"за допомогою\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"bằng cách\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"theo cách\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"indicates a means\", \"word\": \"â\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"bi-\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"بِـ\"}, {\"code\": \"bar\", \"lang\": \"Bavarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ba\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"de\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"kautta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"bei\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ma\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"μα\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ acc.\", \"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"nḗ\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"νή\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"alapján\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"著…\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"…著\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"papunta king...\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"gamit ing\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"mig-\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"meg-\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"nā\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"ved\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ot ímeni\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"от и́мени\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vo ímja\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"во и́мя\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"vid\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"with the authority of\", \"word\": \"trước\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-ra\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"-re\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"þurh\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"(indicates an oath) with the authority of\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podle\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"laŭ\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaisesti\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mukaan\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"nach\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"lefy\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לפי\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"english\": \"according to\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"szerint\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"dal\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"…に従って\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang naning\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"agpang kang\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...e ttara\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...에 따라\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"...ro\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"...로\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li gor\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"li dû\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"cata\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"mengikut\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"według\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"după\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"podľa\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"po\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"по\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"theo như\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"tuân theo\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"loyt\", \"sense\": \"indicating means of classification or organisation\", \"word\": \"לויט\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"met\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-lla\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"-llä (adessive case)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"be-\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"tags\": [\"prefix\"], \"word\": \"ב־\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-val\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"-vel\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"del\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ni\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"…に\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"ketang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"em\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"o\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"wó\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"med\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"na\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\", \"word\": \"на\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"(not translated)\", \"sense\": \"indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"aṙ\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"առ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"nominative + ablative (e.g. talo talolta \\\"house by house\\\")\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"um\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"-nként\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"di\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"king\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"keng\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"balang\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"bi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"demi\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"per\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"etter\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"for\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"cu\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"po\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"za\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"efter\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"za\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\", \"word\": \"за\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"note\": \"từng (optionally: + unit + một)\", \"sense\": \"indicates steady progression\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bij\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"par\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"auf\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"mal\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szor\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-szer\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"-ször\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bang\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"bakanitang...\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"na\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"pe\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\", \"word\": \"por\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"note\": \"-e (quantity of the first dimension in the dative)\", \"sense\": \"used to separate dimensions\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"by\"], \"word\": \"by\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "by",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.