"by" meaning in Old Polish

See by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *by, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by, {{etydate/the|14th century}} the 14th century, {{etydate|14th century}} First attested in the 14th century. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|conjunction}} by
  1. introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-zDCnOgJj
  2. introduces a command; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-toQbwpnJ
  3. introduces a clarifying clause; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj--dNc2wkb
  4. introduces clauses of emotions; to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-heHfrn8C
  5. introduces a subjective clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-yeTiLYsX
  6. introduces an attributive clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-e-RX4OgL
  7. introduces a clausal clause; in order to
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-Bvscnr-q
  8. introduces an unreal conditional clause; if
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-ErqcHdoa
  9. admissive; albeit, although
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-conj-c6P43Pon
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Particle

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *by, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*by}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by, {{etydate/the|14th century}} the 14th century, {{etydate|14th century}} First attested in the 14th century. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|particle}} by
  1. expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-particle-8Glyx1E3 Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish particles Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 10 4 4 5 14 14 14 5 6 20 2 2 Disambiguation of Old Polish particles: 11 4 4 5 15 15 15 4 5 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /bɨ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /bɨ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|verb form}} by
  1. third-person singular aorist of być Tags: aorist, form-of, singular, third-person Form of: być
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-verb-QM~57jNX
  2. second-person singular aorist of być Tags: aorist, form-of, second-person, singular Form of: być
    Sense id: en-by-zlw-opl-verb-u3x81CDh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for by meaning in Old Polish (5.2kB)

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        "g3": "",
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        "1": "14th century"
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      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
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  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
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  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-zDCnOgJj",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
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          "so that",
          "so that"
        ],
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          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
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      "glosses": [
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          "to"
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          "to",
          "to"
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    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a subjective clause; in order to"
      ],
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          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
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      "glosses": [
        "introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-e-RX4OgL",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces a clausal clause; in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-Bvscnr-q",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-ErqcHdoa",
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-c6P43Pon",
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
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}

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          "expansion": "Polish: by",
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      "text": "Polish: by"
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      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
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      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
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  "senses": [
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          "_dis": "10 4 4 5 14 14 14 5 6 20 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 4 4 5 15 15 15 4 5 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
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        "expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-particle-8Glyx1E3",
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        [
          "optative",
          "optative#English"
        ],
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          "if only",
          "if only"
        ],
        [
          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
        [
          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
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      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
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}

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  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
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  "pos": "verb",
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    {
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        {
          "word": "być"
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      ],
      "id": "en-by-zlw-opl-verb-QM~57jNX",
      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
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      ],
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        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "word": "być"
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        "second-person singular aorist of być"
      ],
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      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
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        "singular"
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      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
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    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
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{
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        "1": "14th century"
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      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
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  "lang": "Old Polish",
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        "introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
      ],
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          "to",
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        ],
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          "so that",
          "so that"
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          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
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        "introduces a command; to"
      ],
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          "to",
          "to"
        ]
      ]
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        "introduces a clarifying clause; to"
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          "to",
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      ],
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        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ]
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      ],
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          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
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      ],
      "links": [
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          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
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      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "if",
          "if"
        ]
      ]
    },
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      "glosses": [
        "admissive; albeit, although"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "albeit",
          "albeit"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
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      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
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      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
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        "1": "14th century"
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      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
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        "expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
      ],
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          "optative",
          "optative#English"
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          "if only",
          "if only"
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          "had better",
          "had better"
        ],
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          "let",
          "let"
        ]
      ]
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      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
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      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
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{
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      ],
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          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
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        "third-person"
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    },
    {
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          "word": "być"
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        "second-person singular aorist of być"
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      "links": [
        [
          "być",
          "być#Old Polish"
        ]
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      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "form-of",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "by"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.