See być in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zbyteczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nabytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pobyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przybytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dobywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nabywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pozbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pozbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przebyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przebywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przybywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wydobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wydobywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zbywać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Polish: być",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: być"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: być",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: być"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywać",
"tags": [
"indeterminate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"indet": "bywać"
},
"expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be, to exist"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-gnoshDZy",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be, to exist"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a blacksmith.",
"text": "Jeśm kowalem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class)"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-jn3~4sG6",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "nom/ins"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative or instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) [with nominative or instrumental]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am tired.",
"text": "Jeśm zmęczona.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (auxilary verb used for predication)"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-jpY0NQN~",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "[with adjective]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"predication",
"predication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (auxilary verb used for predication) [with adjective]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'll be running.",
"text": "Będę biegać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in future tense, forms the compound future tense of imperfective verbs"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-wiwRaXCa",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in future tense, forms the compound future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wrote this down yesterday.",
"text": "Wczora to napisał jeśm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in present tense, forms the compound past tense"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-25aN0HJt",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in present tense, forms the compound past tense [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had done it before.",
"text": "On to był zrobił przód tem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in past tense, forms the pluperfect tense"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-rmIx45H-",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in past tense, forms the pluperfect tense [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 18 4 6 4 4 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 3 3 3 3 28 9 3 3 3 10 9 3 3 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 2 2 2 2 34 10 2 2 2 11 10 2 2 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 3 3 2 2 32 9 3 3 2 10 9 3 3 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We would have gone there.",
"text": "My bychom tam poszli.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in aorist, forms the conditional mood"
],
"id": "en-być-zlw-opl-verb-uhZO8767",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in aorist, forms the conditional mood [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "być"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish imperfective verbs",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨt͡ʃ",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨt͡ʃ/1 syllable",
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian imperfective verbs",
"Upper Sorbian lemmas",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Upper Sorbian verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "zbyteczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byt"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nabytek"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pobyt"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przybytek"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dobywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nabywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pozbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pozbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przebyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przebywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przybywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wydobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wydobywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zbywać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Polish: być",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: być"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: być",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: być"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywać",
"tags": [
"indeterminate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"indet": "bywać"
},
"expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be, to exist"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be, to exist"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish copulative verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a blacksmith.",
"text": "Jeśm kowalem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "nom/ins"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative or instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) [with nominative or instrumental]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish copulative verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am tired.",
"text": "Jeśm zmęczona.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (auxilary verb used for predication)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "[with adjective]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"predication",
"predication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (auxilary verb used for predication) [with adjective]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'll be running.",
"text": "Będę biegać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in future tense, forms the compound future tense of imperfective verbs"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "inf"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in future tense, forms the compound future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wrote this down yesterday.",
"text": "Wczora to napisał jeśm.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in present tense, forms the compound past tense"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in present tense, forms the compound past tense [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had done it before.",
"text": "On to był zrobił przód tem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in past tense, forms the pluperfect tense"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in past tense, forms the pluperfect tense [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Old Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We would have gone there.",
"text": "My bychom tam poszli.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in aorist, forms the conditional mood"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "past&participle"
},
"expansion": "[with past participle]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) in aorist, forms the conditional mood [with past participle]"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "być"
}
Download raw JSONL data for być meaning in Old Polish (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.