See -er on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "inh",
"3": "enm>-er>agent suffix",
"id": "agent suffix",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er",
"name": "etymon"
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{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
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"expansion": "Middle English -ere, -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-are"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -are",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old French -or",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tor",
"4": "-(ā)tor"
},
"expansion": "Latin -(ā)tor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tōr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nInherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius. However, Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós.\nCognates\n Saterland Frisian -er, West Frisian -er, Dutch -er, German Low German -er, German -er, Danish -er, Swedish -are and Icelandic -ari\nCompare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.",
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"name": "head"
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{
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"cat3": "productive suffixes"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
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{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-ee"
}
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"examples": [
{
"text": "read + -er → reader",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cook + -er → cooker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "compute + -er → computer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "run + -er → runner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "toast + -er → toaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "swim + -er → swimmer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "do good + -er → do-gooder",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:agent_noun",
"links": [
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"person",
"person"
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[
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"thing"
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[
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"(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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"text": "look + -er → looker (“an attractive person”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "keep + -er → keeper (“a person or thing worth keeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
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"(added to verbs, informal) A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
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{
"_dis": "22 7 23 6 13 4 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 19 11 6 9 6 8 5 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 29 7 14 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 24 6 11 3 12 7 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 29 7 14 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 22 5 11 4 12 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 26 7 10 3 14 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 29 7 13 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 6 21 5 10 4 10 11 7 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 8 27 7 13 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 24 13 8 11 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 8 28 7 13 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 8 24 7 13 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 24 6 11 4 11 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yoruba translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "astrology + -er → astrologer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "baby boom + -er → baby boomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "conlang + -er → conlanger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cricket + -er → cricketer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trumpet + -er → trumpeter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zine + -er → ziner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:occupation",
"qualifier": "chiefly denoting occupations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:occupation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-yuán",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "...员"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of physical work",
"roman": "-gōng",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...工"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of sports, games or instruments",
"roman": "-shǒu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of a skilled job",
"roman": "-shī",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...师"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...的"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ař"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ář"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-íř"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ník"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-log"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ér"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-or"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "for players of instruments or games",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as joueur m/joueuse f de followed by the name of the instrument or game played",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ay",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ַאי"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-an",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ָן"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ász"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ész"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-lógus"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-maður"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "giocatore m/giocatrice f di followed by the name of the sport",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-čin",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чин"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-č",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-kâr",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ـکار"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-arz"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-arka"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-acz"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-czyni"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nik"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cielka"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-air"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "taga-"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 33 16 2 14 4",
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "not used in French",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "not used in Italian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nieks"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niece"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ak"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 6 26 14 14 6 14",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "oní-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 21 11 7 9 6 9 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 13 24 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 12 22 11 7 10 7 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 19 10 7 9 6 8 6 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 19 11 6 9 6 8 5 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 24 13 8 11 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "six + -er → sixer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "six foot + -er → six-footer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "three-wheel + -er → three-wheeler",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "first grade + -er → first grader",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:measurement",
"qualifier": "measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"senseid": [
"en:measurement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 8 28 7 13 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 22 6 13 4 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 6 12 3 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 25 7 16 7 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 27 7 12 3 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 23 6 10 3 11 8 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 27 7 12 3 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 7 23 6 13 4 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 26 7 10 3 14 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 8 24 7 13 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "percent + -er → percenter (“commission agent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "one hand + -er → one-hander (“one-man show”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oat + -er → oater (“a Western-themed movie”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:entertainment",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, chiefly entertainment, with few limitations) Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with few limitations"
],
"senseid": [
"en:entertainment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 13 24 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 25 13 8 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 24 13 8 11 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "birth + -er → birther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "flat earth + -er → flat-earther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "truth + -er → truther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "woke + -er → woker",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:ideology",
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:ideology"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 8 28 7 13 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 31 5 9 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 22 6 13 4 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 6 12 3 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 25 7 16 7 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 27 7 12 3 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 23 6 10 3 11 8 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 27 7 12 3 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 7 23 6 13 4 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 26 7 10 3 14 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 8 24 7 13 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 27 10 11 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bacon + -er → baconer (“pig raised for bacon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chocolate chip + -er → chocolate chipper (“cookie containing chocolate chips”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sternwheel + -er → sternwheeler (“vessel driven by a sternwheel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:relational",
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or occasionally adjectives, generally) A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or occasionally adjectives"
],
"senseid": [
"en:relational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "following an abbreviation, or sometimes following a number",
"word": "-'er"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ës"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ëse"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tare"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "مُـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mi-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "مِـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-triu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhě",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ič"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ač"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itel"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-átor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"english": "person that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"english": "thing or tool that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-uri"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eur"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gn",
"lang": "Guaraní",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-hára"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "onye-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"alt": "...しゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-sha",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"alt": "...か",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"alt": "...て",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "kg",
"lang": "Kongo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ājs"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-āja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ējs"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ēja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ents"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ists"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ors"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ers"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eris"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ieris"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "kai-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-gč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-гч"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ونکی"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-konande",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـکننده"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-gar",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـگر"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-toare"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"alt": "-а́тель m (-átelʹ) / -я́тель m (-játelʹ) / -и́тель m (-ítelʹ)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-о́вщик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щи́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-átor",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-а́тор"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-áč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-а́ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-er",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ер"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-क"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-air"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-iche"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "m-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "taga-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ผู้..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "คน..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yan"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 11 9 29 5 5",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"pos": "suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\")",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-wari"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-wari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "defender, inhabitant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, cover, protect, save, defend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\"), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 27 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "New York + -er → New Yorker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dublin + -er → Dubliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "New England + -er → New Englander",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:inhabitant",
"links": [
[
"resident",
"resident"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a proper noun"
],
"senseid": [
"en:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-cʻi",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ցի"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as habitant m/habitante f de followed by the name of the place",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lakó"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-jin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "人"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "orang"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "ـی"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ão"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-enho"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анин"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анка"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-each"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-bo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "oní-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 27 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "island + -er → islander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "highland + -er → highlander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eastend + -er → eastender",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-FeJwuvKX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-re",
"id": "noun plural"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -re",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ru",
"4": "",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ru (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izō",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "German -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -re, -er, from Old English -ru (plural suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix). Cognate with Dutch -er (plural ending), German -er (plural ending). See also -ren.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 12 3 4 3 7 4 4 14 4 1 1 7 2 5 4 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "childer, calver, lamber, linder (\"loins\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-vlTOc4C0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-aris"
},
"expansion": "Latin -aris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, representing various noun-suffixes in Old French and Anglo-Norman, variously -er, -ier and -ieur, from Latin -aris, -arius, -atorium. As a productive suffix, now merged with the occupational sense of Etymology 1.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bottle + -er → butler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Person or thing connected with."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-aLjr3dWC",
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōzô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōzô",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 27 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hard + -er → harder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wet + -er → wetter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "motley + -er → motlier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eerie + -er → eerier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clayey + -er → clayier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:comparative",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
],
[
"comparative",
"comparative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now especially short ones",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adjectives and adverbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenA@SideChesthigh OpenA@SideNeckhigh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aveli",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ավելի"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-oc'h"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ejší"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ější"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-čí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ší"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "pli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-íōn",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ίων"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yori",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "より"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "motto",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "もっと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ciəng",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ជាង"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-tir"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ـتر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-eder"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "maj"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"roman": "bóleje",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "бо́лее"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "-ее (-eje) (various suffixes exist)",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "-gwàa",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-กว่า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "daha"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "... hơn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "used before the adjective only if polysyllabic",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mwy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old English -or",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -or, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ, Proto-Germanic *-ōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 27 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-l0wruclG",
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-eji"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-ěji"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "ـتر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-are"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -eren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-rōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-rōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-erje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -erje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "German -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-re"
},
"expansion": "Danish -re",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -eren, -ren, -rien, from Old English -erian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną. Cognate with West Frisian -erje, Dutch -eren, German -eren, -ern, Danish -re, Swedish -ra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "twitter, clamber, bicker, mutter, wander, flutter, flicker, slither, smother, sputter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:verbal_frequentative",
"links": [
[
"Frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or imitative sound) Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or imitative sound"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "used to form frequentative",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-(e)lla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-(e)llä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-g"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-ejar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old French -er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "disclaim + -er → disclaimer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "remit + -er → remitter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misname + -er → misnomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rebut + -er → rebutter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "attain + -er → attainder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:action_noun",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Instance",
"instance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb"
],
"senseid": [
"en:action noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, -ere (diminutive suffix). Compare -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "shive + -er → shiver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slive + -er → sliver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "splint + -er → splinter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-mqhYS7pk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or noun) Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 10,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"id": "Oxford"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in the UK since the 19th century. Originally Rugby School slang. Later adopted by Oxford University and then wider British society.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-zza"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "association + -er → soccer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "football + -er → footer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rugby + -er → rugger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Radcliffe + -er → Radder (“a building at Oxford University”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-bavdIkY5",
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally school slang) Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ers"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-ci"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford \"-er\""
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 11,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-raz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-raz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -er, -or, from Proto-Germanic *-raz. Compare -le.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clive + -er → cliver (“apt to cleave or adhere to, tenacious, expert as seizing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slip + -er → slipper (“tending to make slip, slippery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -er → waker (“tending to wake, watchful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action"
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-lortmULw",
"links": [
[
"aptitude",
"aptitude"
],
[
"proneness",
"proneness"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 12,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "兒",
"4": "-兒",
"tr": "-ér"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin -兒 /-儿 (-ér)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin -兒 /-儿 (-ér).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "en:Literature",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 12 3 4 3 7 4 4 14 4 1 1 7 2 5 4 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Li’er said hello to his father.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Women of China, page 44:",
"text": "Yue’er began to laugh again and her tears shimmered like dew on a lotus leaf disturbed by a breeze. Then we heard a sound. It was Man’er.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 [1934], Xiao Hong, “The Field of Life and Death”, in Howard Goldblatt, transl., The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River, →ISBN, page 32:",
"text": "The fish was laid out on the table, but Ping’er had not come back, nor had his father.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 [1959], Zhong Lihe, “The Little Ridge”, in T. M. McClellan, transl., From the Old Country: Stories and Sketches of China and Taiwan, →ISBN, page 202:",
"text": "Ying’er was not yet three years old. Li’er had always been the one to play with her or to carry her places on his back.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-Z8f4kj9X",
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"Junior",
"junior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese literature) Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "verb to adjective",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of action"
],
"tags": [
"subjective"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"english": "feminine noun extension form",
"word": "-trix"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "-est"
},
{
"english": "verb to noun",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "more"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch -er.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er"
],
"id": "en--er-af-suffix-XYp0WtXA",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar--er.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, from Old High German -ari, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include German -er and Luxembourgish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"id": "en--er-bar-suffix-1i07bzi3",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-a/",
"note": "Vienna"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Breton entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 3 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 2 1 1 3 2 3 3 2 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brezhoneg (“Breton (language)”) + -er → brezhoneger (“Breton-speaker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "c'hoari (“game; to play”) + -er → c'hoarier (“player, actor”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tredan (“electricity”) + -er → tredaner (“electrician”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person or thing that (does the action indicated by the root); used to form an agent noun."
],
"id": "en--er-br-suffix-WYRLf4uC",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛʁ/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-ari",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ari",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ers)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "vespa (“wasp”) + -er → vesper (“wasp nest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning the location or object where something is usually found"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-qSfb0e3j",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "garrofa (“carob”) + -er → garrofer (“carob tree”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning a plant which is cultivated to produce something"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-9GyJchf3",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tovallola (“towel”) + -er → tovalloler (“towel rail”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning the purpose of something or an object used for that purpose"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-Wunaclql",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈe]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-ari",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ari",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-era",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -era, masculine plural -ers, feminine plural -eres)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-dor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Brasil (“Brazil”) + -er → brasiler (“Brazilian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to an inhabitant of somewhere"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-UTd0DBAN",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "camió (“truck”) + -er → camioner (“truck driver”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to engaging in a profession"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-2pt1c0oH",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mentida (“lie”) + -er → mentider (“liar, deceptive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to being prone to some activity or characteristic"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-dWXtkS1C",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 1 0 6 3 1 1 2 4 2 0 0 4 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 5 4 4 4 1 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 4 4 3 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "llet (“milk”) + -er → lleter (“milk [relational adjective], dairy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pel·lícula (“film”) + -er → pel·liculer (“film [relational adjective], filmic, cinematic”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms relational adjectives"
],
"id": "en--er-ca-suffix-Kaj0qIdP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈe]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "omw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "om"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "noum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-om"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "an"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "noun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ami"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"their"
],
"id": "en--er-chk-suffix-~ZY-T9RZ",
"links": [
[
"their",
"their"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) their"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"them"
],
"id": "en--er-chk-suffix-yajcM2lk",
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs as an indirect object) them"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs as an indirect object"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ari",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ari",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "da-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 3 3 20 31 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs, with the sense \"someone or something that [verb]s\"."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-j4vicBi~",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms plural forms of many nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-xUYMgAun",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the present tense of many verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-mRCsq5T9",
"links": [
[
"present tense",
"present tense#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 3 3 20 31 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Berlin + -er → berliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Paris + -er → pariser",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms demonyms."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-fy4W0ECI",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 3 3 20 31 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms informal action nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-4Am3ONw3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 3 3 20 31 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hotdog + -er → hotter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fjernsyn (“television”) + -er → fjerner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms informal abbreviations of nouns, with elision."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-QjCARrua",
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially definite) Forms informal abbreviations of nouns, with elision."
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"especially",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fem (“five”) + -er → femmer (“fiver, five pounds/dollars/kroner/etc.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a piece of currency from numbers."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-FUBqA3ZZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You must throw at least a three to move on.",
"text": "Du skal slå mindst en treer for at komme videre.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a die throw result from numbers."
],
"id": "en--er-da-suffix-9Ol8i79J",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-aar"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -aar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, borrowed from Latin -ārius. Cognate with Dutch -aar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ster",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ers",
"5": "feminine",
"6": "-ster",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers, feminine -ster)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 4 24 15 3 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hoeden + -er → hoeder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spelen + -er → speler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-nl:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:agent noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "schip + -er → schipper",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person associated with something."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-FklXlhVF",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "female inhabitant",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “male inhabitant”",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "A (male) inhabitant of Amsterdam",
"text": "Een Amsterdammer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting male inhabitants or residents of a place."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-nl:inhabitant",
"senseid": [
"nl:inhabitant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The museum of Groningen",
"text": "Het Groninger museum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Formings adjectives denoting something originating from a place."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-ioEpZ4sT",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-2h9~IxrD",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-eʀā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aizōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aizōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -er, from Old Dutch -ro, from Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā, from Proto-Germanic *-aizōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "onverrichter zake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the beauty of a woman",
"text": "de schoonheid ener vrouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-pP5rOJUB",
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in good faith",
"text": "te goeder trouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-Gz8sW6YL",
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "inh",
"3": "frm>-er>verb",
"id": "stem",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"ipa": "/ɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-é",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ə",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"ipa": "/ɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ait",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ions",
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"ipa": "/je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-aient",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-âmes",
"ipa": "/am/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-âtes",
"ipa": "/at/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-èrent",
"ipa": "/ɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erait",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erions",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eraient",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ə",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ions",
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"ipa": "/je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ât",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-assions",
"ipa": "/a.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assiez",
"ipa": "/a.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"ipa": "/ɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to love",
"text": "aimer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-fr-suffix-dTK6CveY",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "inh",
"3": "frm>-er>noun",
"id": "suf",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "baker",
"text": "boulanger",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns indicating the person who exercises a particular activity"
],
"id": "en--er-fr-suffix-i01985af",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ère"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "agent noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, further etymology unknown but possibly from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arbeiten (“to work”) + -er → Arbeiter (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bohren (“to drill”) + -er → Bohrer (“drill”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns etc. from verbs, suffixed to the verb stem."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:agent_noun",
"senseid": [
"de:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "husten (“to cough”) + -er → Huster (“single cough, instance of coughing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hüpfen (“to hop”) + -er → Hüpfer (“hop, instance of hopping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instance nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-jmr8uV5G",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "16 + -er → 16er (“the 16, the 16er, e.g. a bus, a football player, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "200 + -er → 200er (“a 200, the 200s, e.g. a 200-euro note, or the list items 200 to 299, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1990 + -er → 1990er (“1990s, the years 1990 to 1999”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates something defined by a number; in the plural often all numbers with the same first digits"
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-KN1UDaMY",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, a plural ending for some neuter nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plurals of some nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-8g1muYm5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "inhabitant",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:inhabitant",
"senseid": [
"de:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "genitival",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originated from the prepositioned genitive plural of etymology 3 above, e.g.: der Berliner Pfannkuchen = \"the Berliners’ pancake\", and then \"the Berlin(er) pancake\", reanalysed as an adjective instead of a noun and seen as being in the nominative singular (due to the ambiguity of the definite article der, which is both masculine nominative and plural genitive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 5 15 10 10 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms invariable adjectives from place names, with a genitival meaning, indicating origin from or association with that place."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:genitival",
"links": [
[
"genitival",
"genitival#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"de:genitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lang + -er → länger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schön + -er → schöner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "exakt + -er → exakter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:comparative",
"senseid": [
"de:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from English -er, by analogy of word pairs like blog and blogger (whose doubled final consonant is consistently pronounced long in Hungarian, as opposed to English) and/or perhaps earlier borrowed word pairs like stop and stoppol. Other existing slang terms ending in -er, like vaker, haver, sóder, might have played some role.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kalauz (“ticket inspector”) → kaller"
},
{
"text": "nyugdíjas (“pensioner”) → nyugger"
},
{
"text": "mami (“mommy; elderly woman”) → mammer"
},
{
"text": "jobboldali (“rightist”) → jobber"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a shortened form of a noun, lengthening the first consonant following its first vowel, to derive a noun."
],
"id": "en--er-hu-suffix-j7HzufIw",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "slightly derogatory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, slightly derogatory) Added to a shortened form of a noun, lengthening the first consonant following its first vowel, to derive a noun."
],
"related": [
{
"alt": "as in alkesz, pálesz; slang terms",
"word": "-esz"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present passive subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"id": "en--er-la-suffix-l6w2Mmrm",
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/er/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/er/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er (suffix used to form agent nouns from verbs)"
],
"id": "en--er-lb-suffix-u6l7iQe1",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eʀ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -er"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms the comparative of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--er-dum-suffix-mE-jTCj6",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-st"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-re"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ar"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ang>-ere>agent suffix",
"id": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "spinnen + -er → spynner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-enm-suffix-hoyLMsQ5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ar",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ar, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ar, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ware",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dwellers of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-āri",
"t": "inhabitants of"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ware, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”). Cognate with Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms demonyms from place names"
],
"id": "en--er-enm-suffix-hZjgH3Sz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>infinitive suffix",
"id": "verb",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier /-er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ier /-er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nInherited from Old French -ier /-er, from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-frm-suffix-frm:1conj",
"senseid": [
"frm:1conj"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-er",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>nouns",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bouc + -er → boucher (“butcher”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, often denoting professions"
],
"id": "en--er-frm-suffix-frm:suf",
"senseid": [
"frm:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en--er-nrm-suffix-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ōr"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "برادر"
},
"expansion": "Persian برادر",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bira"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish bira",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something."
},
"expansion": "Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something.",
"name": "n-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bû",
"3": "-er",
"4": "bûyer",
"t1": "to be",
"t3": "event"
},
"expansion": "bû (“to be”) + -er → bûyer (“event”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "destpêkirin",
"3": "-er",
"4": "destpêker",
"t1": "to start",
"t3": "starter"
},
"expansion": "destpêkirin (“to start”) + -er → destpêker (“starter”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most probably not a cognate of English -er or Latin -ōr or -tōr, and instead a back-formation from -ker (a variant of -ger (“-ist”)) understood as \"k-\" (present stem of kirin) + \"-er\". Natively only exists with the most basic verbs such as kirin (-ker), birin (-ber), xistin (-xer or -xîner or -êxer), dan (-der), anîn/înan (-îner)... Later also conflated with -kar (“suffix indicating a job or duty”) and -dar (“suffix indicating a possessor”). Popularized in the 20th century under the influence of similar suffixes in European languages. Before that (and now natively) diminutives such as -ok, -oke, -ek, -ik was used to form agent nouns; which are also present participle suffixes.\nDespite being less likely, can still be from Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr, but the -r- is lost in Northwestern Iranic and that would have given *-it, *-id or lost entirely depending on the position, compare Persian برادر and Northern Kurdish bira\n# Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something.\n#: bû (“to be”) + -er → bûyer (“event”)\n#: destpêkirin (“to start”) + -er → destpêker (“starter”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en--er-kmr-suffix-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order, position, value or similar indicated by the numeral"
],
"id": "en--er-nb-suffix-JiqZYxlJ",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers) order, position, value or similar indicated by the numeral"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er, from Old Norse -ari, from Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words, both from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb"
],
"id": "en--er-nb-suffix-BHNAcvVa",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 1 0 6 3 1 1 2 4 2 0 0 4 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 5 4 4 4 1 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person or thing that originates in the place indicated by the place name"
],
"id": "en--er-nb-suffix-nWXRdxoo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to place names) person or thing that originates in the place indicated by the place name"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to place names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix added to most of indefinite plural nouns, usually identical to Danish, but unlike Nynorsk and Swedish"
],
"id": "en--er-nb-suffix-x6LFfXwL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite plurals for most feminine nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-nn-suffix-C4j6JF5i",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite plurals for some masculine nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-nn-suffix-rQ91vyHj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form present tense for one class of weak verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-nn-suffix-YH-ibJ0q",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present tense for strong verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-nn-suffix-D-G4L4N9",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form present tense for strong verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -or"
],
"id": "en--er-ang-suffix-LtsJXmyP",
"links": [
[
"-or",
"-or#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/er/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-āre>verb suffix",
"id": "verb suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -āre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"word": "verbal suffix"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ier, verbal suffix"
],
"id": "en--er-fro-suffix-vtmPK8SD",
"links": [
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"word": "suffix indicating a profession"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglo-Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "falconer, fauconer\nfalconer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ier, suffix indicating a profession"
],
"id": "en--er-fro-suffix-OMYz~0gU",
"links": [
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of -ier, suffix indicating a profession"
],
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: er"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Old High German er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Cognates include Old High German er, Old Norse er and Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "enclitics"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian enclitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hī"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enclitic nominative of hī"
],
"id": "en--er-ofs-pron-DObSUG~P",
"links": [
[
"hī",
"hi#Old_Frisian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈer/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-r"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -r",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns"
],
"id": "en--er-gmq-osw-suffix-LYGumrDZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fisker\nfish",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "deaf",
"text": "dø̄ver",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns"
],
"id": "en--er-gmq-osw-suffix-vmeFTVbm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "intnat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; compare English -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aport + -er → aporter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, creates an agent noun"
],
"id": "en--er-pl-suffix-dbp02DCM",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -er, from Latin -ēre. The short -ere of some Latin verbs was reinterpreted as either -er or -ir.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pt-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ermos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erdes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-endo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ias",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-íamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-íeis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-este",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-estes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-êramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-êreis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erão",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erias",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríeis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-êssemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-êsseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-essem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ermos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-erdes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"positive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "não -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "não -ais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -i, past participle -ido)",
"name": "pt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pt-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese verbs ending in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the infinitive of the second-conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-pt-suffix-Fkkd4QMt",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(h)]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(h)]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ɾ)/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(χ)]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ɻ)/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, São Paulo) -eɾ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -eʁ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil, with r-dropping) -e"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include West Frisian -er and German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"id": "en--er-stq-suffix-QktyDIqx",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ər/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"id": "en--er-sco-suffix-QktyDIqx",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ər/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ō",
"4": "-ēre",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ō",
"4": "-ēre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ēre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-í",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "es-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iendo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-idas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-éis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ía",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ía",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-íamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-íais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ió",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-imos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eréis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ería",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ería",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-áis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iéramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iésemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iéremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-é",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"positive",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"positive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no -áis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -ido)",
"name": "es-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nocomb": "1"
},
"name": "es-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish verbs ending in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the infinitive suffix for many verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-es-suffix-wgPsXDh~",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plural suffix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "present tense suffix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "-ar",
"word": "-r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "agent noun suffix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-erska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-inna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"One of two suffixes for indefinite plural for nouns of the third declension (common and neuter); the second one is -r"
],
"id": "en--er-sv-suffix-sAA8I9-n",
"links": [
[
"-r",
"-r"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for present tense, active voice, indicative mood for one of the groups of Swedish verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-sv-suffix-JwAcIOkx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 30 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "matematik (“mathematics”) + -er → matematiker (“mathematician”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fysik (“physics”) + -er → fysiker (“physicist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slarv (“sloppiness, carelessness”) + -er → slarver (“someone sloppy or careless”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Agent noun suffix, often for loan words ending with -ik."
],
"id": "en--er-sv-suffix-GdyY37JC",
"links": [
[
"Agent noun",
"agent noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-r, -er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-r, -er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰼",
"ts": "-(e)r"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-meŕ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-meŕ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-me"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-me",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-ər",
"t": "indefinite future suffix"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er), from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/). Negative -mez are from Proto-Turkic *-meŕ, from Proto-Turkic *-me + *-er or *-ür (Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”) — -məz, but -ir (“simple present suffix”) — -mir).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Simple present and aorist tense marker"
],
"id": "en--er-tr-suffix-9IG7IJYM",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-r, -er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-r, -er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰼",
"ts": "-(e)r"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-meŕ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-meŕ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-me"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-me",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-ər",
"t": "indefinite future suffix"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er), from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/). Negative -mez are from Proto-Turkic *-meŕ, from Proto-Turkic *-me + *-er or *-ür (Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”) — -məz, but -ir (“simple present suffix”) — -mir).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er -mez",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": "-er -mez"
},
"expansion": "-er -mez",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "-er -mez"
},
"expansion": "-er -mez",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as I get home, I take a shower.",
"text": "Eve gelir gelmez duş alırım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as soon as"
],
"id": "en--er-tr-suffix-lZvkLzhe",
"links": [
[
"as soon as",
"as soon as"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"word": "-mez"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Makes adjectives out of verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-tr-suffix-uikSaXYZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kes- (“to cut”) + -er → keser (“adze”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The rain seems to be stopping.",
"text": "Yağmur diner gibi oldu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes nouns out of verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-tr-suffix-lu6k-lI~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er), from Proto-Turkic [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-şar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel",
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-şer",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 1 0 6 3 1 1 2 4 2 0 0 4 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 5 4 4 4 1 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 2 2 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bir + -er → birer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "iki + -er → ikişer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dört + -er → dörder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "beş + -er → beşer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix for distributive numbers"
],
"id": "en--er-tr-suffix-tr:distributive",
"links": [
[
"distributive number",
"distributive number"
]
],
"senseid": [
"tr:distributive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Walloon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A verb ending for infinitives."
],
"id": "en--er-wa-suffix-~QjNW-Ox",
"links": [
[
"infinitives",
"infinitives#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the impersonal present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en--er-cy-suffix-ZPe5vYBY",
"links": [
[
"impersonal",
"impersonal#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal present subjunctive"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the impersonal imperative"
],
"id": "en--er-cy-suffix-~oYWq6dH",
"links": [
[
"impersonal",
"impersonal#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal imperative"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brig (“branches, sprigs, shoots”) + -er → briger (“stamens”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tafl (“sling, catapult”) + -er → tafler (“sling, catapult”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "col (“awn”) + -er → colier (“awner, chobber”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming nouns"
],
"id": "en--er-cy-suffix-ybgrirhw",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-er",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "siarïg (“yellow, white”) + *-er → *siarïgar- (“to turn yellow, white”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"to become (a given adjective)\"."
],
"id": "en--er-trk-pro-suffix-YSc2-qIv",
"related": [
{
"english": "dove, pigeon",
"word": "kȫkerčin"
},
{
"english": "to give somebody in marriage",
"sense": "Common Turkic",
"word": "eb-er-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-r"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans suffixes",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"-er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar--er.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar--er.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, from Old High German -ari, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include German -er and Luxembourgish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bavarian lemmas",
"Bavarian suffixes",
"Bavarian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Bavarian terms derived from Old High German",
"Bavarian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Old High German",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-a/",
"note": "Vienna"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Breton entries with incorrect language header",
"Breton lemmas",
"Breton suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brezhoneg (“Breton (language)”) + -er → brezhoneger (“Breton-speaker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "c'hoari (“game; to play”) + -er → c'hoarier (“player, actor”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tredan (“electricity”) + -er → tredaner (“electrician”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person or thing that (does the action indicated by the root); used to form an agent noun."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛʁ/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjective-forming suffixes",
"Catalan countable suffixes",
"Catalan doublets",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine suffixes",
"Catalan noun-forming suffixes",
"Catalan suffixes",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-ari",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ari",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ers)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "vespa (“wasp”) + -er → vesper (“wasp nest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning the location or object where something is usually found"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "garrofa (“carob”) + -er → garrofer (“carob tree”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning a plant which is cultivated to produce something"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tovallola (“towel”) + -er → tovalloler (“towel rail”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning the purpose of something or an object used for that purpose"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈe]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjective-forming suffixes",
"Catalan countable suffixes",
"Catalan doublets",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine suffixes",
"Catalan noun-forming suffixes",
"Catalan suffixes",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-ari",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ari",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-era",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -era, masculine plural -ers, feminine plural -eres)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-dor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Brasil (“Brazil”) + -er → brasiler (“Brazilian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to an inhabitant of somewhere"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "camió (“truck”) + -er → camioner (“truck driver”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to engaging in a profession"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mentida (“lie”) + -er → mentider (“liar, deceptive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and adjectives referring to being prone to some activity or characteristic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "llet (“milk”) + -er → lleter (“milk [relational adjective], dairy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pel·lícula (“film”) + -er → pel·liculer (“film [relational adjective], filmic, cinematic”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms relational adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈe]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese suffixes",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"their"
],
"links": [
[
"their",
"their"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) their"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"them"
],
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs as an indirect object) them"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs as an indirect object"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛɾ/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish suffixes",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ari",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ari",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "da-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs, with the sense \"someone or something that [verb]s\"."
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms plural forms of many nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the present tense of many verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"present tense",
"present tense#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Berlin + -er → berliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Paris + -er → pariser",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms demonyms."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms informal action nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hotdog + -er → hotter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fjernsyn (“television”) + -er → fjerner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms informal abbreviations of nouns, with elision."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially definite) Forms informal abbreviations of nouns, with elision."
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"especially",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fem (“five”) + -er → femmer (“fiver, five pounds/dollars/kroner/etc.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a piece of currency from numbers."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You must throw at least a three to move on.",
"text": "Du skal slå mindst en treer for at komme videre.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a die throw result from numbers."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-aar"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -aar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, borrowed from Latin -ārius. Cognate with Dutch -aar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ster",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ers",
"5": "feminine",
"6": "-ster",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers, feminine -ster)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hoeden + -er → hoeder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spelen + -er → speler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:agent noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "schip + -er → schipper",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person associated with something."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "female inhabitant",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “male inhabitant”",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "A (male) inhabitant of Amsterdam",
"text": "Een Amsterdammer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting male inhabitants or residents of a place."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:inhabitant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The museum of Groningen",
"text": "Het Groninger museum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Formings adjectives denoting something originating from a place."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-eʀā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aizōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aizōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -er, from Old Dutch -ro, from Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā, from Proto-Germanic *-aizōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Dutch usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "onverrichter zake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the beauty of a woman",
"text": "de schoonheid ener vrouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in good faith",
"text": "te goeder trouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English links with ignored id parameters",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with American Sign Language translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Guaraní translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Igbo translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kongo translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Nupe translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inh",
"3": "enm>-er>agent suffix",
"id": "agent suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere, -er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "agentive",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere, -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere, -er",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ere, -er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-are"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -are",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old French -or",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tor",
"4": "-(ā)tor"
},
"expansion": "Latin -(ā)tor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tōr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nInherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius. However, Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós.\nCognates\n Saterland Frisian -er, West Frisian -er, Dutch -er, German Low German -er, German -er, Danish -er, Swedish -are and Icelandic -ari\nCompare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "read + -er → reader",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cook + -er → cooker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "compute + -er → computer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "run + -er → runner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "toast + -er → toaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "swim + -er → swimmer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "do good + -er → do-gooder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "look + -er → looker (“an attractive person”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "keep + -er → keeper (“a person or thing worth keeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs, informal) A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:patient"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "astrology + -er → astrologer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "baby boom + -er → baby boomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "conlang + -er → conlanger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cricket + -er → cricketer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trumpet + -er → trumpeter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zine + -er → ziner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"qualifier": "chiefly denoting occupations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:occupation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "six + -er → sixer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "six foot + -er → six-footer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "three-wheel + -er → three-wheeler",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "first grade + -er → first grader",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"qualifier": "measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"senseid": [
"en:measurement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "percent + -er → percenter (“commission agent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "one hand + -er → one-hander (“one-man show”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oat + -er → oater (“a Western-themed movie”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, chiefly entertainment, with few limitations) Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with few limitations"
],
"senseid": [
"en:entertainment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "birth + -er → birther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "flat earth + -er → flat-earther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "truth + -er → truther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "woke + -er → woker",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:ideology"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bacon + -er → baconer (“pig raised for bacon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chocolate chip + -er → chocolate chipper (“cookie containing chocolate chips”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sternwheel + -er → sternwheeler (“vessel driven by a sternwheel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or occasionally adjectives, generally) A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or occasionally adjectives"
],
"senseid": [
"en:relational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "following an abbreviation, or sometimes following a number",
"word": "-'er"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ës"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ëse"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tare"
},
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does..."
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "مُـ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mi-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "مِـ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-triu"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhě",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ič"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ač"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itel"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-átor"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "person that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "thing or tool that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-in"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-uri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"code": "gn",
"lang": "Guaraní",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-hára"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "onye-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tore"
},
{
"alt": "...しゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-sha",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"alt": "...か",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"alt": "...て",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"code": "kg",
"lang": "Kongo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ājs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-āja"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ējs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ēja"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ents"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ists"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ors"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ers"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eris"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ieris"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "kai-"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-gč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-гч"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ونکی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-konande",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـکننده"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-gar",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـگر"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-toare"
},
{
"alt": "-а́тель m (-átelʹ) / -я́тель m (-játelʹ) / -и́тель m (-ítelʹ)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-о́вщик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щи́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-átor",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-а́тор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-áč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-а́ч"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-er",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ер"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-क"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-air"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-iche"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "m-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "taga-"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ผู้..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "คน..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "oní-"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-yuán",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "...员"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of physical work",
"roman": "-gōng",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...工"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of sports, games or instruments",
"roman": "-shǒu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of a skilled job",
"roman": "-shī",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...师"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "...家"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ař"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ář"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-íř"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ník"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-log"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ér"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "for players of instruments or games",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as joueur m/joueuse f de followed by the name of the instrument or game played",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ay",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ַאי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-an",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ָן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ász"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ész"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-lógus"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-maður"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "giocatore m/giocatrice f di followed by the name of the sport",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-kar"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-čin",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чин"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-č",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ч"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-kâr",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ـکار"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-arz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-arka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-acz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aczka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-czyni"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niczka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cielka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-air"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "taga-"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "not used in French",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "not used in Italian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nieks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niece"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ak"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with American Sign Language translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Nupe translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"pos": "suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\")",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-wari"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-wari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "defender, inhabitant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, cover, protect, save, defend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\"), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "New York + -er → New Yorker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dublin + -er → Dubliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "New England + -er → New Englander",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"links": [
[
"resident",
"resident"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a proper noun"
],
"senseid": [
"en:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "island + -er → islander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "highland + -er → highlander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eastend + -er → eastender",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-cʻi",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ցի"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-se"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ano"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as habitant m/habitante f de followed by the name of the place",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lakó"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-jin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "人"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "orang"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "ـی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-enho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-each"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-bo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-re",
"id": "noun plural"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -re",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ru",
"4": "",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ru (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izō",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "German -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -re, -er, from Old English -ru (plural suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix). Cognate with Dutch -er (plural ending), German -er (plural ending). See also -ren.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "childer, calver, lamber, linder (\"loins\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-aris"
},
"expansion": "Latin -aris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, representing various noun-suffixes in Old French and Anglo-Norman, variously -er, -ier and -ieur, from Latin -aris, -arius, -atorium. As a productive suffix, now merged with the occupational sense of Etymology 1.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bottle + -er → butler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Person or thing connected with."
],
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with American Sign Language translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romani translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōzô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōzô",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hard + -er → harder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wet + -er → wetter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "motley + -er → motlier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eerie + -er → eerier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clayey + -er → clayier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
],
[
"comparative",
"comparative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now especially short ones",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adjectives and adverbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenA@SideChesthigh OpenA@SideNeckhigh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aveli",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ավելի"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-oc'h"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ejší"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ější"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-čí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ší"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "pli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-íōn",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ίων"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yori",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "より"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "motto",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "もっと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ciəng",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ជាង"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-tir"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ـتر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-eder"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "maj"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"roman": "bóleje",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "бо́лее"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "-ее (-eje) (various suffixes exist)",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "-gwàa",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-กว่า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "daha"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "... hơn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "used before the adjective only if polysyllabic",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mwy"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old English -or",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -or, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ, Proto-Germanic *-ōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-eji"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-ěji"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "ـتر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-are"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -eren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-rōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-rōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-erje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -erje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "German -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-re"
},
"expansion": "Danish -re",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -eren, -ren, -rien, from Old English -erian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną. Cognate with West Frisian -erje, Dutch -eren, German -eren, -ern, Danish -re, Swedish -ra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "twitter, clamber, bicker, mutter, wander, flutter, flicker, slither, smother, sputter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or imitative sound) Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or imitative sound"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "used to form frequentative",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-(e)lla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-(e)llä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-g"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-ejar"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old French -er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "disclaim + -er → disclaimer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "remit + -er → remitter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misname + -er → misnomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rebut + -er → rebutter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "attain + -er → attainder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Instance",
"instance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb"
],
"senseid": [
"en:action noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, -ere (diminutive suffix). Compare -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "shive + -er → shiver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slive + -er → sliver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "splint + -er → splinter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or noun) Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-zza"
}
],
"etymology_number": 10,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"id": "Oxford"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in the UK since the 19th century. Originally Rugby School slang. Later adopted by Oxford University and then wider British society.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ers"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English school slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "association + -er → soccer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "football + -er → footer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rugby + -er → rugger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Radcliffe + -er → Radder (“a building at Oxford University”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally school slang) Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-ci"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford \"-er\""
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 11,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-raz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-raz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -er, -or, from Proto-Germanic *-raz. Compare -le.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clive + -er → cliver (“apt to cleave or adhere to, tenacious, expert as seizing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slip + -er → slipper (“tending to make slip, slippery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -er → waker (“tending to wake, watchful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action"
],
"links": [
[
"aptitude",
"aptitude"
],
[
"proneness",
"proneness"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-le"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 12,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "兒",
"4": "-兒",
"tr": "-ér"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin -兒 /-儿 (-ér)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin -兒 /-儿 (-ér).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "verb to adjective",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of action"
],
"tags": [
"subjective"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"english": "feminine noun extension form",
"word": "-trix"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "-est"
},
{
"english": "verb to noun",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "more"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Literature"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Li’er said hello to his father.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Women of China, page 44:",
"text": "Yue’er began to laugh again and her tears shimmered like dew on a lotus leaf disturbed by a breeze. Then we heard a sound. It was Man’er.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 [1934], Xiao Hong, “The Field of Life and Death”, in Howard Goldblatt, transl., The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River, →ISBN, page 32:",
"text": "The fish was laid out on the table, but Ping’er had not come back, nor had his father.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 [1959], Zhong Lihe, “The Little Ridge”, in T. M. McClellan, transl., From the Old Country: Stories and Sketches of China and Taiwan, →ISBN, page 202:",
"text": "Ying’er was not yet three years old. Li’er had always been the one to play with her or to carry her places on his back.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"Junior",
"junior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese literature) Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ər",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymology texts",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verb-forming suffixes",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "inh",
"3": "frm>-er>verb",
"id": "stem",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"ipa": "/ɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-é",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ə",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"ipa": "/ɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ait",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ions",
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"ipa": "/je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-aient",
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-âmes",
"ipa": "/am/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-âtes",
"ipa": "/at/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-èrent",
"ipa": "/ɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erait",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erions",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eraient",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ə",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ions",
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"ipa": "/je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ât",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-assions",
"ipa": "/a.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assiez",
"ipa": "/a.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"ipa": "/ɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to love",
"text": "aimer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymology texts",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "inh",
"3": "frm>-er>noun",
"id": "suf",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "baker",
"text": "boulanger",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns indicating the person who exercises a particular activity"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ère"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "agent noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, further etymology unknown but possibly from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ler"
},
{
"word": "-ner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arbeiten (“to work”) + -er → Arbeiter (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bohren (“to drill”) + -er → Bohrer (“drill”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns etc. from verbs, suffixed to the verb stem."
],
"senseid": [
"de:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "husten (“to cough”) + -er → Huster (“single cough, instance of coughing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hüpfen (“to hop”) + -er → Hüpfer (“hop, instance of hopping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instance nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "16 + -er → 16er (“the 16, the 16er, e.g. a bus, a football player, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "200 + -er → 200er (“a 200, the 200s, e.g. a 200-euro note, or the list items 200 to 299, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1990 + -er → 1990er (“1990s, the years 1990 to 1999”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates something defined by a number; in the plural often all numbers with the same first digits"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, a plural ending for some neuter nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plurals of some nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "inhabitant",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place."
],
"senseid": [
"de:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"id": "genitival",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originated from the prepositioned genitive plural of etymology 3 above, e.g.: der Berliner Pfannkuchen = \"the Berliners’ pancake\", and then \"the Berlin(er) pancake\", reanalysed as an adjective instead of a noun and seen as being in the nominative singular (due to the ambiguity of the definite article der, which is both masculine nominative and plural genitive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms invariable adjectives from place names, with a genitival meaning, indicating origin from or association with that place."
],
"links": [
[
"genitival",
"genitival#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"de:genitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lang + -er → länger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schön + -er → schöner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "exakt + -er → exakter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"senseid": [
"de:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from English -er, by analogy of word pairs like blog and blogger (whose doubled final consonant is consistently pronounced long in Hungarian, as opposed to English) and/or perhaps earlier borrowed word pairs like stop and stoppol. Other existing slang terms ending in -er, like vaker, haver, sóder, might have played some role.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"alt": "as in alkesz, pálesz; slang terms",
"word": "-esz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian derogatory terms",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian slang",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms borrowed from English",
"Hungarian terms derived from English",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kalauz (“ticket inspector”) → kaller"
},
{
"text": "nyugdíjas (“pensioner”) → nyugger"
},
{
"text": "mami (“mommy; elderly woman”) → mammer"
},
{
"text": "jobboldali (“rightist”) → jobber"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a shortened form of a noun, lengthening the first consonant following its first vowel, to derive a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "slightly derogatory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, slightly derogatory) Added to a shortened form of a noun, lengthening the first consonant following its first vowel, to derive a noun."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present passive subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/er/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/er/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛr]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Latin",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"-er (suffix used to form agent nouns from verbs)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eʀ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -er"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-st"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle Dutch comparative adjectives",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms the comparative of adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-re"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ar"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ang>-ere>agent suffix",
"id": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "spinnen + -er → spynner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-are"
},
{
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ar",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ar, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ar, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ware",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dwellers of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-āri",
"t": "inhabitants of"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ware, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”). Cognate with Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms demonyms from place names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-are"
},
{
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>infinitive suffix",
"id": "verb",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier /-er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ier /-er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nInherited from Old French -ier /-er, from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"frm:1conj"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-er",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>nouns",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bouc + -er → boucher (“butcher”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, often denoting professions"
],
"senseid": [
"frm:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ōr"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ōr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "برادر"
},
"expansion": "Persian برادر",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bira"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish bira",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something."
},
"expansion": "Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something.",
"name": "n-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bû",
"3": "-er",
"4": "bûyer",
"t1": "to be",
"t3": "event"
},
"expansion": "bû (“to be”) + -er → bûyer (“event”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "destpêkirin",
"3": "-er",
"4": "destpêker",
"t1": "to start",
"t3": "starter"
},
"expansion": "destpêkirin (“to start”) + -er → destpêker (“starter”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most probably not a cognate of English -er or Latin -ōr or -tōr, and instead a back-formation from -ker (a variant of -ger (“-ist”)) understood as \"k-\" (present stem of kirin) + \"-er\". Natively only exists with the most basic verbs such as kirin (-ker), birin (-ber), xistin (-xer or -xîner or -êxer), dan (-der), anîn/înan (-îner)... Later also conflated with -kar (“suffix indicating a job or duty”) and -dar (“suffix indicating a possessor”). Popularized in the 20th century under the influence of similar suffixes in European languages. Before that (and now natively) diminutives such as -ok, -oke, -ek, -ik was used to form agent nouns; which are also present participle suffixes.\nDespite being less likely, can still be from Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr, but the -r- is lost in Northwestern Iranic and that would have given *-it, *-id or lost entirely depending on the position, compare Persian برادر and Northern Kurdish bira\n# Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something.\n#: bû (“to be”) + -er → bûyer (“event”)\n#: destpêkirin (“to start”) + -er → destpêker (“starter”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Kurdish lemmas",
"Northern Kurdish noun-forming suffixes",
"Northern Kurdish suffixes",
"Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for pronunciation in Norwegian Bokmål entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order, position, value or similar indicated by the numeral"
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers) order, position, value or similar indicated by the numeral"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for pronunciation in Norwegian Bokmål entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er, from Old Norse -ari, from Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words, both from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"person or thing that originates in the place indicated by the place name"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to place names) person or thing that originates in the place indicated by the place name"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to place names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for pronunciation in Norwegian Bokmål entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix added to most of indefinite plural nouns, usually identical to Danish, but unlike Nynorsk and Swedish"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite plurals for most feminine nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite plurals for some masculine nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form present tense for one class of weak verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present tense for strong verbs."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form present tense for strong verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -or"
],
"links": [
[
"-or",
"-or#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/er/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-āre>verb suffix",
"id": "verb suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -āre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"word": "verbal suffix"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ier, verbal suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"word": "suffix indicating a profession"
}
],
"categories": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "falconer, fauconer\nfalconer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ier, suffix indicating a profession"
],
"links": [
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of -ier, suffix indicating a profession"
],
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: er"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Old High German er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Cognates include Old High German er, Old Norse er and Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "enclitics"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Frisian enclitics",
"Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Frisian lemmas",
"Old Frisian pronouns",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hī"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enclitic nominative of hī"
],
"links": [
[
"hī",
"hi#Old_Frisian"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈer/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Swedish lemmas",
"Old Swedish suffixes",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-r"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -r",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fisker\nfish",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "deaf",
"text": "dø̄ver",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "intnat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; compare English -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish internationalisms",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aport + -er → aporter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, creates an agent noun"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -er, from Latin -ēre. The short -ere of some Latin verbs was reinterpreted as either -er or -ir.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pt-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ermos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erdes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-endo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ias",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-íamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-íeis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-este",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-estes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-êramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-êreis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erão",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erias",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríeis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-êssemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-êsseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-essem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ermos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-erdes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"positive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "não -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "não -ais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "não -am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -i, past participle -ido)",
"name": "pt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pt-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese verbs ending in -er",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/e",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/e/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/eɾ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/eɾ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/eʁ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/eʁ/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"forms the infinitive of the second-conjugation verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(h)]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(h)]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ɾ)/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ʁ)/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe(χ)]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe(ɻ)/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, São Paulo) -eɾ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -eʁ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil, with r-dropping) -e"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-er",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "dove, pigeon",
"word": "kȫkerčin"
},
{
"english": "to give somebody in marriage",
"sense": "Common Turkic",
"word": "eb-er-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "siarïg (“yellow, white”) + *-er → *siarïgar- (“to turn yellow, white”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"to become (a given adjective)\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-r"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include West Frisian -er and German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian suffixes",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ər/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ər/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ō",
"4": "-ēre",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ō",
"4": "-ēre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ēre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ēre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-í",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "es-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iendo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-ido",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-idas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-éis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ía",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ía",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-íamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-íais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ió",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-imos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eréis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ería",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ería",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eríais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-áis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iéramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iésemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieres",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iéremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ieren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"informal",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-é",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"informal",
"positive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
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"formal",
"imperative",
"positive",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
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"imperative",
"positive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-amos",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
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"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"plural",
"positive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -amos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no -áis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no -an",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
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],
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},
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],
"lang": "Spanish",
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"word": "-ar"
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{
"word": "-ir"
}
],
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"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish suffixes",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish verb-forming suffixes",
"Spanish verbs ending in -er"
],
"glosses": [
"the infinitive suffix for many verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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],
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"word": "plural suffix"
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{
"word": "-or"
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{
"word": "-ar"
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{
"word": "-r"
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{
"word": "-n"
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{
"word": "present tense suffix"
},
{
"alt": "-ar",
"word": "-r"
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{
"word": "-as"
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{
"word": "agent noun suffix"
},
{
"word": "-are"
},
{
"word": "-erska"
},
{
"word": "-inna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"-r",
"-r"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for present tense, active voice, indicative mood for one of the groups of Swedish verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "matematik (“mathematics”) + -er → matematiker (“mathematician”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fysik (“physics”) + -er → fysiker (“physicist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slarv (“sloppiness, carelessness”) + -er → slarver (“someone sloppy or careless”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Agent noun suffix, often for loan words ending with -ik."
],
"links": [
[
"Agent noun",
"agent noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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},
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{
"args": {
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"3": "ـر",
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"5": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
"tr": "-r, -er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-r, -er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰼",
"ts": "-(e)r"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-meŕ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-meŕ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-me"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-me",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-ər",
"t": "indefinite future suffix"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er), from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/). Negative -mez are from Proto-Turkic *-meŕ, from Proto-Turkic *-me + *-er or *-ür (Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”) — -məz, but -ir (“simple present suffix”) — -mir).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Simple present and aorist tense marker"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-r, -er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-r, -er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰼",
"ts": "-(e)r"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-meŕ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-meŕ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-me"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-me",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-ər",
"t": "indefinite future suffix"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er), from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /-(e)r/). Negative -mez are from Proto-Turkic *-meŕ, from Proto-Turkic *-me + *-er or *-ür (Azerbaijani -ər (“indefinite future suffix”) — -məz, but -ir (“simple present suffix”) — -mir).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er -mez",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": "-er -mez"
},
"expansion": "-er -mez",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "-er -mez"
},
"expansion": "-er -mez",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-r"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"word": "-mez"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as I get home, I take a shower.",
"text": "Eve gelir gelmez duş alırım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as soon as"
],
"links": [
[
"as soon as",
"as soon as"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Makes adjectives out of verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kes- (“to cut”) + -er → keser (“adze”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The rain seems to be stopping.",
"text": "Yağmur diner gibi oldu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes nouns out of verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "-er",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـر",
"tr": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er), from Proto-Turkic [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-şar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel",
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-şer",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bir + -er → birer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "iki + -er → ikişer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dört + -er → dörder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "beş + -er → beşer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix for distributive numbers"
],
"links": [
[
"distributive number",
"distributive number"
]
],
"senseid": [
"tr:distributive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈær/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Walloon entries with incorrect language header",
"Walloon lemmas",
"Walloon suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"A verb ending for infinitives."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitives",
"infinitives#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the impersonal present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"impersonal",
"impersonal#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal present subjunctive"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Welsh literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the impersonal imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"impersonal",
"impersonal#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal imperative"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "English -er",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brig (“branches, sprigs, shoots”) + -er → briger (“stamens”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tafl (“sling, catapult”) + -er → tafler (“sling, catapult”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "col (“awn”) + -er → colier (“awner, chobber”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming nouns"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in All languages combined (198.7kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "Catalan",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "Catalan",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "Portuguese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "Spanish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'E / İ / Ö / Ü'",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.