See -ais on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ais meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ois",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēbās"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēbās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-iēbas"
},
"expansion": "-iēbas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-bās"
},
"expansion": "-bās",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French -ois, from conflation of Latin -ēbās and -iēbas — second, third, and fourth conjugation variants of -bās, later generalized to all verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "fr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 7 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was watching the telly while you were talking on the phone.",
"text": "Je regardais la télé pendant que tu parlais au téléphone.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the first-person and second-person singular imperfect indicative form of a verb"
],
"id": "en--ais-fr-suffix-7d8iyy8Q",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first-person singular#English"
],
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ait"
},
{
"word": "-ions"
},
{
"word": "-iez"
},
{
"word": "-aient"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -eis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -eis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-esche"
},
"expansion": "-esche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-iscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -iscus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-isk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "-ois",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -eis (feminine form -esche). In some senses from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus (from Frankish *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), conflated with Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)), in others from Latin -ēnsis); all are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Akin to -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aises",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ais (feminine -aise, masculine plural -ais, feminine plural -aises)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → anglais"
},
{
"text": "Marseille + -ais → marseillais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives that denote where something or someone is from"
],
"id": "en--ais-fr-suffix-fr:from",
"senseid": [
"fr:from"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -eis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -eis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-esche"
},
"expansion": "-esche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-iscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -iscus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-isk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "-ois",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -eis (feminine form -esche). In some senses from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus (from Frankish *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), conflated with Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)), in others from Latin -ēnsis); all are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Akin to -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ais m (plural -ais)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → Français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → Anglais"
},
{
"text": "Marseille + -ais → Marseillais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns that denote where something or someone is from"
],
"id": "en--ais-fr-suffix-UzyHSz53",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → anglais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns that specify the name of the language spoken in this place"
],
"id": "en--ais-fr-suffix-Z~5pk52f",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -as:",
"vocative/genitive singular"
],
"id": "en--ais-ga-suffix-JvHpRF5i",
"links": [
[
"-as",
"-as#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -as:",
"nominative/dative plural"
],
"id": "en--ais-ga-suffix-gry5g72R",
"links": [
[
"-as",
"-as#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "m-p",
"g2": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "-ais m pl or f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-al"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of -al"
],
"id": "en--ais-pt-suffix-N7Ky-uPX",
"links": [
[
"-al",
"-al#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 31 31 31",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ades",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ades",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ades"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ades",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-ades"
},
"expansion": "Galician -ades",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-áis"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -áis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ades, with the loss of the intervocalic -d-, from Latin -ātis. Cognate with Galician -ades and Spanish -áis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb form",
"2": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amar (“to love”) + -ais → amais (“[you all/formal you] love”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cantar (“to sing”) + -ais → cantais (“[you all/formal you] sing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present indicative of -ar"
],
"id": "en--ais-pt-suffix-Z~3thkyL",
"links": [
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 31 31 31",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 33",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "-ades"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb form",
"2": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "correr (“to run”) + -ais → corrais (“[that] you all run”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -er"
],
"id": "en--ais-pt-suffix-3nXc55cH",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "emitir (“to emit”) + -ais → emitais (“[that] you all emit”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -ir"
],
"id": "en--ais-pt-suffix-cdkF6Bls",
"links": [
[
"-ir",
"-ir#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 31 31 31",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 33",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "-ades"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"id": "en--ais-cy-suffix-~MhxilQ9",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
],
"word": "-es"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ai̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ai̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ois",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēbās"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēbās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-iēbas"
},
"expansion": "-iēbas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-bās"
},
"expansion": "-bās",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French -ois, from conflation of Latin -ēbās and -iēbas — second, third, and fourth conjugation variants of -bās, later generalized to all verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "fr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ait"
},
{
"word": "-ions"
},
{
"word": "-iez"
},
{
"word": "-aient"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was watching the telly while you were talking on the phone.",
"text": "Je regardais la télé pendant que tu parlais au téléphone.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the first-person and second-person singular imperfect indicative form of a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first-person singular#English"
],
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -eis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -eis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-esche"
},
"expansion": "-esche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-iscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -iscus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-isk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "-ois",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -eis (feminine form -esche). In some senses from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus (from Frankish *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), conflated with Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)), in others from Latin -ēnsis); all are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Akin to -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-ais",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aises",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ais (feminine -aise, masculine plural -ais, feminine plural -aises)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → anglais"
},
{
"text": "Marseille + -ais → marseillais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives that denote where something or someone is from"
],
"senseid": [
"fr:from"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -eis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -eis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-esche"
},
"expansion": "-esche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-iscus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -iscus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-isk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "-ois",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -eis (feminine form -esche). In some senses from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus (from Frankish *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), conflated with Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos)), in others from Latin -ēnsis); all are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Akin to -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ais m (plural -ais)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → Français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → Anglais"
},
{
"text": "Marseille + -ais → Marseillais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns that denote where something or someone is from"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "France + -ais → français"
},
{
"text": "Angle(terre) + -ais → anglais"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns that specify the name of the language spoken in this place"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/",
"tags": [
"France",
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e/",
"tags": [
"Africa"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish non-lemma forms",
"Irish suffix forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -as:",
"vocative/genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-as",
"-as#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -as:",
"nominative/dative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"-as",
"-as#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese suffix forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajs",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajʃ"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "m-p",
"g2": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "-ais m pl or f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-al"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of -al"
],
"links": [
[
"-al",
"-al#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese suffix forms",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajs",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajʃ"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ades",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ades",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ades"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ades",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-ades"
},
"expansion": "Galician -ades",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-áis"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -áis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ades, with the loss of the intervocalic -d-, from Latin -ātis. Cognate with Galician -ades and Spanish -áis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb form",
"2": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "amar (“to love”) + -ais → amais (“[you all/formal you] love”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cantar (“to sing”) + -ais → cantais (“[you all/formal you] sing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present indicative of -ar"
],
"links": [
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "-ades"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese suffix forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajs",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ajʃ"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb form",
"2": "ais"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "correr (“to run”) + -ais → corrais (“[that] you all run”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "emitir (“to emit”) + -ais → emitais (“[that] you all emit”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -ir"
],
"links": [
[
"-ir",
"-ir#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajs/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯s]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɪ̯ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈajʃ/",
"tags": [
"Nordestino"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ajs"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "-ades"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-aes"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ais",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ai̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ai̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
],
"word": "-es"
}
],
"word": "-ais"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.