See -es on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -es meaning in All languages combined (48.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as. More at -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inflectional"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"ch (only when pronounced as /tʃ/)—glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-Z1hZ~Wtd",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"glitch",
"glitch"
],
[
"glitches",
"glitches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(t)ch (only when pronounced as /tʃ/)—glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"j—hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-aofPG-GC",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"hajj",
"hajj"
],
[
"hajjes",
"hajjes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(j)j—hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"s—bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-~Lf-dFZv",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bus",
"bus"
],
[
"buses",
"buses"
],
[
"rendezvous",
"rendezvous"
],
[
"rendezvouses",
"rendezvouses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(s)s—bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"x—box→boxes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-DuzmwgMw",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"z—waltz→waltzes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-y5dYQNC8",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"waltz",
"waltz"
],
[
"waltzes",
"waltzes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(z)z—waltz→waltzes"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"sh—ash→ashes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-QtocgGDg",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in certain consonant + vowel combinations, which take form of:",
"consonant (or qu) + y—lady→ladies, soliloquy→soliloquies (but key→keys)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-zhoEQeUy",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"lady",
"lady"
],
[
"ladies",
"ladies"
],
[
"soliloquy",
"soliloquy"
],
[
"soliloquies",
"soliloquies"
],
[
"key",
"key"
],
[
"keys",
"keys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in certain consonant + vowel combinations, which take form of:",
"consonant + o in some cases—tomato→tomatoes (but soprano→sopranos)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-iAgt0DbB",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"tomato",
"tomato"
],
[
"tomatoes",
"tomatoes"
],
[
"soprano",
"soprano"
],
[
"sopranos",
"sopranos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old English -es",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ast",
"pos": "second person singular indicative ending"
},
"expansion": "-ast (second person singular indicative ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eth"
},
"expansion": "-eth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-eþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -eþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-aþ"
},
"expansion": "-aþ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, -is, from Old English -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from Old English -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in Old English is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 10 7 10 7 7 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (t)ch pronounced as /tʃ/—impeach→impeaches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-Dt-0azsr",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"impeach",
"impeach"
],
[
"impeaches",
"impeaches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 10 7 10 7 7 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (s)s—miss→misses"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-Pyd4w2LM",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"misses",
"misses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in x —tax→taxes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-8XRN2GGd",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"taxes",
"taxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 10 7 10 7 7 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (z)z—fizz→fizzes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-pQzUSNj6",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"fizz",
"fizz"
],
[
"fizzes",
"fizzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in consonant + o in some cases—go→goes (but piano→pianos)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-Clc8aRQ1",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
],
[
"pianos",
"pianos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in sh—wish→wishes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-ABAiUWU3",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"wishes",
"wishes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in consonant (or qu) + y—cry→cries (but buy→buys)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-n3uJ5D~M",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cries",
"cries"
],
[
"buy",
"buy"
],
[
"buys",
"buys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "-'s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -s, -'s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, An exposition of the kinges prerogative, collected out of the great Abridgement of Justice Fitzherbert and other olde writers of the lawes of England, page 38",
"text": "... whereupon king Henry his sonne, as it may appeare by the later clause of this chapter, recouered diuers eschet[s] of lande within this Realme holden by Normans, whiche after they began to adhere to the French king, the kinges enimy[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-j7p9hUkO",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#English"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abbātissa",
"3": "",
"4": "abbess"
},
"expansion": "abbātissa (“abbess”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Northern Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa (as in abbātissa (“abbess”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "zanger (“singer, songster”) → zangeres (“female singer; songstress, singeress”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates the female form of persons or occupations, as English -ess."
],
"id": "en--es-nl-suffix-h6YYZ8uL",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "endings",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto correlatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto endings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "belonging to everyone, everyone's",
"word": "ĉies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to someone, someone's",
"word": "ies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to whom, whose",
"word": "kies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to nobody, nobody's",
"word": "nenies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to that one, that one's",
"word": "ties"
},
{
"english": "belonging to someone else, someone else's",
"sense": "nonce",
"word": "alies"
}
],
"glosses": [
"belonging to. (Ending for genitive correlatives.)"
],
"id": "en--es-eo-suffix-wcX4IXk~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7--es.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ās"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ās",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ās.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "fr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular present indicative form of a verb"
],
"id": "en--es-fr-suffix-5g-cMKxO",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular present subjunctive form of a verb"
],
"id": "en--es-fr-suffix-DfF3T~~S",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "genitive ending",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -s (genitive ending)"
],
"id": "en--es-de-suffix-5ZT3BGTk",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#German"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "invariable"
},
"expansion": "-es (invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-is"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "de:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "double flat",
"word": "-eses"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A + -es → As (“A flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "B + -es → Bes (“B double flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "C + -es → Ces (“C flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "D + -es → Des (“D flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "E + -es → Es (“E flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "F + -es → Fes (“F flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "G + -es → Ges (“G flat”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flat, ♭"
],
"id": "en--es-de-suffix-o8UNrUwy",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"♭",
"♭#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) flat, ♭"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kert (“garden”) + -es → kertes (“something with a garden, having a garden”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning \"having something, a quality\"; sometimes referred to as ornative."
],
"id": "en--es-hu-suffix-hu:adjective",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"ornative",
"ornative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "adjective-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning \"having something, a quality\"; sometimes referred to as ornative."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "perec (“pretzel”) + -es → pereces (“someone who sells pretzels”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "meggy (“morello, sour cherry”) + -es → meggyes (“cherry orchard”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun."
],
"id": "en--es-hu-suffix-hu:noun",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "noun-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "egy (“one”) + -es → egyes (“the digit or figure 1”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a cardinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template."
],
"id": "en--es-hu-suffix-hu:numeral",
"links": [
[
"cardinal number",
"cardinal number#English"
],
[
"the relevant template",
"Template:U:hu:nominal numerals#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "number-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(number-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:numeral"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃ"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēs<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 10 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "caedō (“I kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-la:abstract_noun",
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:abstract noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-h₁i-t-"
},
"expansion": "*-h₁i-t-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "eō",
"3": "eō, īre",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "eō, īre (“to go”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "*-es",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-itis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-item",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-es/-it<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-la:t_stem",
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:t-stem"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "-ēs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-JG86~pCZ",
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-jvVN9Nvl",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"id": "en--es-enm-suffix-S9WSJVeh",
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-ess",
"word": "-esse"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -esse (-ess)"
],
"id": "en--es-enm-suffix-lKByXcg4",
"links": [
[
"-esse",
"-esse#Middle_English:_-ess"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moh",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mohawk",
"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"long"
],
"id": "en--es-moh-suffix-~GbwIcZ9",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with tsi ni-: during"
],
"id": "en--es-moh-suffix-9qsMpn0z",
"links": [
[
"tsi",
"tsi#Mohawk"
],
[
"ni-",
"ni-#Mohawk"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-s",
"4": "-st",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"id": "en--es-ang-suffix-cw~lcXia",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "days",
"text": "dæġes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "nights",
"text": "nihtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy"
],
"id": "en--es-ang-suffix-in1vLTIm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/es/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-s",
"pos": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "Low German: -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: -s (adverbial suffix)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"id": "en--es-osx-suffix-cw~lcXia",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "days",
"text": "dages (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "nights",
"text": "nahtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs"
],
"id": "en--es-osx-suffix-SYEcPHxl",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "2nd conj."
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-is",
"pos": "3rd conj."
},
"expansion": "-is (3rd conj.)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īs",
"pos": "4th conj."
},
"expansion": "-īs (4th conj.)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-5EtufESb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-raD28Q0Z",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-f4zvWTz-",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-uz3z14EL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ez",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 9 18 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 9 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 9 18 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
},
{
"text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
},
{
"text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
},
{
"text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-Nt4DjOK9",
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अस्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"desinence used to form the singular accusative case of oikoclitic (pre-European) masculine animate nouns"
],
"id": "en--es-rom-suffix-0ZIAsCKw",
"links": [
[
"accusative case",
"accusative case#English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, the accusative plural ending of most third declension nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions)."
],
"id": "en--es-es-suffix-1sz-WnI4",
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Latin -is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, Latin -is, and Latin -īs, the second-person singular present active indicative endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs."
],
"id": "en--es-es-suffix-YVco5TQh",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, the second-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-es-suffix-0Z46kYz8",
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-s"
},
{
"word": "-as"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "-a",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of -s (etymology 2) with a reduction of the preceding -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the present tense passive of verbs of the second and fourth conjugations (weak and strong -er verbs respectively) that have stems ending in s."
],
"id": "en--es-sv-suffix-~vcuU5Bh",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ensis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ensis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin -ensis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kina + -es → kines",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Siam + -es → siames",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ese; forms a nationality from the name of a country."
],
"id": "en--es-sv-suffix-UTlD2vEb",
"links": [
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "-issā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic -issā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English -ess",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Brythonic -issā, ultimately borrowed from (or perhaps cognate to) Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esau",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f (plural -esau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "athro (“male teacher”) + -es → athrawes (“female teacher”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gweinydd (“waiter”) + -es → gweinyddes (“waitress”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -es → Norwyes (“Norwegian woman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cadno (“fox”) + -es → cadnawes (“vixen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female suffix"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-JXqFCxwW",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wraig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brân (“crow”) + -es → branes (“flight of crows”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "llong (“ship”) + -es → llynges (“navy, fleet”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collective noun"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-RhBjem3o",
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 6 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-~MhxilQ9",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ais"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "myn + -es → mines",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jo + -es → jowes",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form possessive pronouns from possessive determiners"
],
"id": "en--es-fy-suffix-885Z83Sz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōz",
"3": "*‑ōz"
},
"expansion": "*‑ōz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s",
"pos": "plural noun ending"
},
"expansion": "English -s (plural noun ending)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending). Cognate with English -s (plural noun ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns."
],
"id": "en--es-yol-suffix-mwkhjEmz",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abbātissa",
"3": "",
"4": "abbess"
},
"expansion": "abbātissa (“abbess”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Northern Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa (as in abbātissa (“abbess”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Late Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "zanger (“singer, songster”) → zangeres (“female singer; songstress, singeress”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates the female form of persons or occupations, as English -ess."
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as. More at -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inflectional"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"ch (only when pronounced as /tʃ/)—glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"glitch",
"glitch"
],
[
"glitches",
"glitches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(t)ch (only when pronounced as /tʃ/)—glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"j—hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"hajj",
"hajj"
],
[
"hajjes",
"hajjes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(j)j—hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"s—bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bus",
"bus"
],
[
"buses",
"buses"
],
[
"rendezvous",
"rendezvous"
],
[
"rendezvouses",
"rendezvouses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(s)s—bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"x—box→boxes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"z—waltz→waltzes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"waltz",
"waltz"
],
[
"waltzes",
"waltzes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"(z)z—waltz→waltzes"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), which may take form of:",
"sh—ash→ashes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in certain consonant + vowel combinations, which take form of:",
"consonant (or qu) + y—lady→ladies, soliloquy→soliloquies (but key→keys)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"lady",
"lady"
],
[
"ladies",
"ladies"
],
[
"soliloquy",
"soliloquy"
],
[
"soliloquies",
"soliloquies"
],
[
"key",
"key"
],
[
"keys",
"keys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in certain consonant + vowel combinations, which take form of:",
"consonant + o in some cases—tomato→tomatoes (but soprano→sopranos)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"tomato",
"tomato"
],
[
"tomatoes",
"tomatoes"
],
[
"soprano",
"soprano"
],
[
"sopranos",
"sopranos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old English -es",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ast",
"pos": "second person singular indicative ending"
},
"expansion": "-ast (second person singular indicative ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eth"
},
"expansion": "-eth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-eþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -eþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-aþ"
},
"expansion": "-aþ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, -is, from Old English -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from Old English -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in Old English is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (t)ch pronounced as /tʃ/—impeach→impeaches (but psych→psychs)"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"impeach",
"impeach"
],
[
"impeaches",
"impeaches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (s)s—miss→misses"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"misses",
"misses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in x —tax→taxes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"taxes",
"taxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in (z)z—fizz→fizzes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"fizz",
"fizz"
],
[
"fizzes",
"fizzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in consonant + o in some cases—go→goes (but piano→pianos)"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
],
[
"pianos",
"pianos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in sh—wish→wishes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"wishes",
"wishes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs",
"that end in consonant (or qu) + y—cry→cries (but buy→buys)"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cries",
"cries"
],
[
"buy",
"buy"
],
[
"buys",
"buys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "-'s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -s, -'s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, An exposition of the kinges prerogative, collected out of the great Abridgement of Justice Fitzherbert and other olde writers of the lawes of England, page 38",
"text": "... whereupon king Henry his sonne, as it may appeare by the later clause of this chapter, recouered diuers eschet[s] of lande within this Realme holden by Normans, whiche after they began to adhere to the French king, the kinges enimy[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#English"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "belonging to everyone, everyone's",
"word": "ĉies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to someone, someone's",
"word": "ies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to whom, whose",
"word": "kies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to nobody, nobody's",
"word": "nenies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to someone else, someone else's",
"sense": "nonce",
"word": "alies"
},
{
"english": "belonging to that one, that one's",
"word": "ties"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "endings",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto correlatives",
"Esperanto endings",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto suffixes",
"Esperanto terms with audio links",
"Esperanto terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"belonging to. (Ending for genitive correlatives.)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7--es.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7--es.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ās"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ās",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ās.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "fr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular present indicative form of a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular present subjunctive form of a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "genitive ending",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -s (genitive ending)"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "double flat",
"word": "-eses"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "invariable"
},
"expansion": "-es (invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-is"
}
],
"categories": [
"de:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A + -es → As (“A flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "B + -es → Bes (“B double flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "C + -es → Ces (“C flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "D + -es → Des (“D flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "E + -es → Es (“E flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "F + -es → Fes (“F flat”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "G + -es → Ges (“G flat”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flat, ♭"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"♭",
"♭#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) flat, ♭"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian adjective-forming suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian noun-forming suffixes",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃ",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃ/1 syllable"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kert (“garden”) + -es → kertes (“something with a garden, having a garden”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning \"having something, a quality\"; sometimes referred to as ornative."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"ornative",
"ornative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "adjective-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning \"having something, a quality\"; sometimes referred to as ornative."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "perec (“pretzel”) + -es → pereces (“someone who sells pretzels”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "meggy (“morello, sour cherry”) + -es → meggyes (“cherry orchard”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "noun-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "egy (“one”) + -es → egyes (“the digit or figure 1”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a cardinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template."
],
"links": [
[
"cardinal number",
"cardinal number#English"
],
[
"the relevant template",
"Template:U:hu:nominal numerals#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "number-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(number-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:numeral"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃ"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine suffixes",
"Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Latin third declension suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēs<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "caedō (“I kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form"
],
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine suffixes",
"Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin suffixes with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Latin third declension suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-h₁i-t-"
},
"expansion": "*-h₁i-t-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "eō",
"3": "eō, īre",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "eō, īre (“to go”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "*-es",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-itis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-item",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-es/-it<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'"
],
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:t-stem"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "-ēs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-ess",
"word": "-esse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -esse (-ess)"
],
"links": [
[
"-esse",
"-esse#Middle_English:_-ess"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"Mohawk lemmas",
"Mohawk suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moh",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mohawk",
"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"long"
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"with tsi ni-: during"
],
"links": [
[
"tsi",
"tsi#Mohawk"
],
[
"ni-",
"ni-#Mohawk"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-s",
"4": "-st",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "days",
"text": "dæġes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "nights",
"text": "nihtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/es/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon suffixes",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-s",
"pos": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "Low German: -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: -s (adverbial suffix)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "*-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "days",
"text": "dages (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "nights",
"text": "nahtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Portuguese verb-forming suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "2nd conj."
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-is",
"pos": "3rd conj."
},
"expansion": "-is (3rd conj.)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īs",
"pos": "4th conj."
},
"expansion": "-īs (4th conj.)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ez",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese links with redundant target parameters",
"Portuguese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
},
{
"text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
},
{
"text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
},
{
"text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अस्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit -अस्य (-asya).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani inflectional suffixes",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani suffixes",
"Romani terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit"
],
"glosses": [
"desinence used to form the singular accusative case of oikoclitic (pre-European) masculine animate nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"accusative case",
"accusative case#English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, the accusative plural ending of most third declension nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions)."
],
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Latin -is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, Latin -is, and Latin -īs, the second-person singular present active indicative endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs, the second-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-s"
},
{
"word": "-as"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Latin",
"Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "-a",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of -s (etymology 2) with a reduction of the preceding -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the present tense passive of verbs of the second and fourth conjugations (weak and strong -er verbs respectively) that have stems ending in s."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Latin",
"Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ensis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ensis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin -ensis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kina + -es → kines",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Siam + -es → siames",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ese; forms a nationality from the name of a country."
],
"links": [
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "-issā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic -issā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English -ess",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Brythonic -issā, ultimately borrowed from (or perhaps cognate to) Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esau",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f (plural -esau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "athro (“male teacher”) + -es → athrawes (“female teacher”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gweinydd (“waiter”) + -es → gweinyddes (“waitress”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -es → Norwyes (“Norwegian woman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cadno (“fox”) + -es → cadnawes (“vixen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female suffix"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wraig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brân (“crow”) + -es → branes (“flight of crows”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "llong (“ship”) + -es → llynges (“navy, fleet”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collective noun"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ais"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian suffixes",
"West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "myn + -es → mines",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jo + -es → jowes",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form possessive pronouns from possessive determiners"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōz",
"3": "*‑ōz"
},
"expansion": "*‑ōz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-oes",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "*-oes (plural ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s",
"pos": "plural noun ending"
},
"expansion": "English -s (plural noun ending)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending). Cognate with English -s (plural noun ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola suffixes",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old English",
"Yola terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Yola terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms inherited from Old English",
"Yola terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yola terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: t",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: t",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: j",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: j",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: s",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: s",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: z",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: z",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.