See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "-issā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic -issā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English -ess",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Brythonic -issā, ultimately borrowed from (or perhaps cognate to) Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esau",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f (plural -esau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "athro (“male teacher”) + -es → athrawes (“female teacher”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gweinydd (“waiter”) + -es → gweinyddes (“waitress”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -es → Norwyes (“Norwegian woman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cadno (“fox”) + -es → cadnawes (“vixen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female suffix"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-JXqFCxwW",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wraig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brân (“crow”) + -es → branes (“flight of crows”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "llong (“ship”) + -es → llynges (“navy, fleet”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collective noun"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-RhBjem3o",
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 4 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"id": "en--es-cy-suffix-~MhxilQ9",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ais"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "-issā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic -issā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English -ess",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Brythonic -issā, ultimately borrowed from (or perhaps cognate to) Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esau",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f (plural -esau)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "athro (“male teacher”) + -es → athrawes (“female teacher”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gweinydd (“waiter”) + -es → gweinyddes (“waitress”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Norwy (“Norway”) + -es → Norwyes (“Norwegian woman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cadno (“fox”) + -es → cadnawes (“vixen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female suffix"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wraig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-es f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brân (“crow”) + -es → branes (“flight of crows”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "llong (“ship”) + -es → llynges (“navy, fleet”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collective noun"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/as/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ais"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -es meaning in Welsh (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.