See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -es meaning in English (9.8kB)
{
"categories": [],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as. More at -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inflectional"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(t)ch\" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — glitch → glitches (but psych → psychs)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-OWEQRIAw",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"glitch",
"glitch"
],
[
"glitches",
"glitches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(j)j\" — hajj → hajjes (\"j\" is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-RE0di1-0",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"hajj",
"hajj"
],
[
"hajjes",
"hajjes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(s)s(e)\" — bus → buses, house → houses, rendezvous → rendezvouses"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-LhrHbSe8",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bus",
"bus"
],
[
"buses",
"buses"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"houses",
"houses"
],
[
"rendezvous",
"rendezvous"
],
[
"rendezvouses",
"rendezvouses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"x\" — box → boxes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-ojWiAEIY",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(z)z\" — waltz → waltzes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-LPJp3dtq",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"waltz",
"waltz"
],
[
"waltzes",
"waltzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"sh\" — ash → ashes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-vcOAyBo6",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"ce\" — fence → fences"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-11J7kc-w",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
],
[
"fences",
"fences"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(d)ge\" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-9iwupf4A",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
],
[
"bridges",
"bridges"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"ranges",
"ranges"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"As well as",
"\"(consonant)+y\" — lady → ladies (but not \"(vowel)+y\" key → keys)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-g2-ucq12",
"links": [
[
"lady",
"lady"
],
[
"ladies",
"ladies"
],
[
"key",
"key"
],
[
"keys",
"keys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"As well as",
"\"o\" (in some cases) — tomato → tomatoes (but soprano → sopranos)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-foNDlsVc",
"links": [
[
"tomato",
"tomato"
],
[
"tomatoes",
"tomatoes"
],
[
"soprano",
"soprano"
],
[
"sopranos",
"sopranos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old English -es",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ast",
"pos": "second person singular indicative ending"
},
"expansion": "-ast (second person singular indicative ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eth"
},
"expansion": "-eth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-eþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -eþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-aþ"
},
"expansion": "-aþ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, -is, from Old English -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from Old English -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in Old English is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(t)ch\" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — impeach → impeaches (but psych → psychs)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-~YPUsWyg",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"impeach",
"impeach"
],
[
"impeaches",
"impeaches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(s)s\" — miss → misses"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-UA6-bGgg",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"misses",
"misses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"x\" — tax → taxes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-ujMVGQIB",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"taxes",
"taxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(z)z\" — fizz → fizzes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-dM2uuNh9",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"fizz",
"fizz"
],
[
"fizzes",
"fizzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"o\" (in some cases) — go → goes (but piano → pianos)"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-~iY7EY6X",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
],
[
"pianos",
"pianos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"sh\" — wish → wishes"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-SMD9mCjD",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"wishes",
"wishes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"y\" — cry → cries"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-H6zVk3mv",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cries",
"cries"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"ce\" — dance → dances"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-QNCQGd5b",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"dance",
"dance"
],
[
"dances",
"dances"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(d)ge\" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges"
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-99EruIR5",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
],
[
"bridges",
"bridges"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"ranges",
"ranges"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "-'s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -s, -'s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, An exposition of the kinges prerogative, collected out of the great Abridgement of Justice Fitzherbert and other olde writers of the lawes of England, page 38",
"text": "... whereupon king Henry his sonne, as it may appeare by the later clause of this chapter, recouered diuers eschet[s] of lande within this Realme holden by Normans, whiche after they began to adhere to the French king, the kinges enimy[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"id": "en--es-en-suffix-j7p9hUkO",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#English"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, from Old English -as. More at -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inflectional"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(t)ch\" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — glitch → glitches (but psych → psychs)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"glitch",
"glitch"
],
[
"glitches",
"glitches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(j)j\" — hajj → hajjes (\"j\" is only final in loan words raj, hajj)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"hajj",
"hajj"
],
[
"hajjes",
"hajjes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(s)s(e)\" — bus → buses, house → houses, rendezvous → rendezvouses"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bus",
"bus"
],
[
"buses",
"buses"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"houses",
"houses"
],
[
"rendezvous",
"rendezvous"
],
[
"rendezvouses",
"rendezvouses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"x\" — box → boxes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"boxes",
"boxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(z)z\" — waltz → waltzes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"waltz",
"waltz"
],
[
"waltzes",
"waltzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"sh\" — ash → ashes"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"ce\" — fence → fences"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
],
[
"fences",
"fences"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plural of nouns that ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/, which may take forms in:",
"\"(d)ge\" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
],
[
"bridges",
"bridges"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"ranges",
"ranges"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"As well as",
"\"(consonant)+y\" — lady → ladies (but not \"(vowel)+y\" key → keys)"
],
"links": [
[
"lady",
"lady"
],
[
"ladies",
"ladies"
],
[
"key",
"key"
],
[
"keys",
"keys"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"As well as",
"\"o\" (in some cases) — tomato → tomatoes (but soprano → sopranos)"
],
"links": [
[
"tomato",
"tomato"
],
[
"tomatoes",
"tomatoes"
],
[
"soprano",
"soprano"
],
[
"sopranos",
"sopranos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "-is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old English -es",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ast",
"pos": "second person singular indicative ending"
},
"expansion": "-ast (second person singular indicative ending)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eth"
},
"expansion": "-eth",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-eþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -eþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-aþ"
},
"expansion": "-aþ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -es, -is, from Old English -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from Old English -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in Old English is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(t)ch\" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — impeach → impeaches (but psych → psychs)"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"impeach",
"impeach"
],
[
"impeaches",
"impeaches"
],
[
"psych",
"psych"
],
[
"psychs",
"psychs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(s)s\" — miss → misses"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"misses",
"misses"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"x\" — tax → taxes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"taxes",
"taxes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(z)z\" — fizz → fizzes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"fizz",
"fizz"
],
[
"fizzes",
"fizzes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"o\" (in some cases) — go → goes (but piano → pianos)"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
],
[
"pianos",
"pianos"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"sh\" — wish → wishes"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
],
[
"wishes",
"wishes"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"y\" — cry → cries"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cries",
"cries"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"ce\" — dance → dances"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"dance",
"dance"
],
[
"dances",
"dances"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the third person singular present of verbs",
"that end in \"(d)ge\" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges"
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
],
[
"bridges",
"bridges"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"ranges",
"ranges"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "-'s",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -s, -'s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, An exposition of the kinges prerogative, collected out of the great Abridgement of Justice Fitzherbert and other olde writers of the lawes of England, page 38",
"text": "... whereupon king Henry his sonne, as it may appeare by the later clause of this chapter, recouered diuers eschet[s] of lande within this Realme holden by Normans, whiche after they began to adhere to the French king, the kinges enimy[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#English"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Possessive marker; see -s, -'s."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪz/",
"note": "after sibilant"
},
{
"ipa": "/z/",
"note": "after vowel sound"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.