See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-s",
"4": "-st",
"5": "-ce",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"pos4": "as in once, since"
},
"expansion": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix), -ce (as in once, since)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix), -ce (as in once, since)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hund (“dog”) + -es → hundes (“dog's”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċip (“ship”) + -es → sċipes (“ship's”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case/possessive marker for a-stem nouns, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"id": "en--es-ang-suffix-FWFdjNaO",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "by day",
"text": "dæġes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "by night",
"text": "nihtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy"
],
"id": "en--es-ang-suffix-in1vLTIm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/es/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-es",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -es, -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -es, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-s",
"4": "-st",
"5": "-ce",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"pos4": "as in once, since"
},
"expansion": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix), -ce (as in once, since)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix), -ce (as in once, since)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-es"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-es",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hund (“dog”) + -es → hundes (“dog's”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċip (“ship”) + -es → sċipes (“ship's”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case/possessive marker for a-stem nouns, indicating that an object belongs to the noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "by day",
"text": "dæġes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "by night",
"text": "nihtes (adverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/es/"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -es meaning in Old English (2.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.