See -esse on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -esse meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abbātissa",
"3": "",
"4": "abbess"
},
"expansion": "abbātissa (“abbess”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Old Northern French -esse, from Late Latin -issa (as in abbātissa (“abbess”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 14 3 2 20 17 1 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "secretaris (“secretary, receptionist”) – secretaresse (“female secretary, female receptionist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates the female form of some persons or occupations, as English -ess."
],
"id": "en--esse-nl-suffix--0Zn44W7",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛ.sə/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ece",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ise"
},
"expansion": "-ise",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 14 3 2 20 17 1 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
],
"id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:quality",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ity",
"-ity#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:quality"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-esse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -esse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (female equivalent)"
],
"id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:female",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:female"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (wife of)"
],
"id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:wife",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:wife"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"hyphenation": [
"-és‧se"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 14 3 2 20 17 1 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ere verbs"
],
"id": "en--esse-it-suffix-RUus4k5a",
"links": [
[
"third-person singular",
"third-person singular#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈes.se/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-esse"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English: -ess",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 14 3 2 20 17 1 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of otherwise male nouns denoting beings or persons."
],
"id": "en--esse-enm-suffix-enm:_ess",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"male",
"male#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:-ess"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "displaced",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-es"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-asse"
},
{
"word": "-as"
},
{
"word": "-eyse"
},
{
"word": "-eys"
},
{
"word": "-eis"
},
{
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"word": "-ysse"
},
{
"word": "-iss"
},
{
"word": "-yss"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
},
{
"word": "-is"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"id": "en--esse-enm-suffix-S9WSJVeh",
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ece",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-ise"
},
"expansion": "-ise",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 14 3 2 20 17 1 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
],
"id": "en--esse-frm-suffix-frm:quality",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ity",
"-ity#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:quality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -esse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (used to form feminine nouns from masculine ones)"
],
"id": "en--esse-frm-suffix-frm:female",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:female"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abbātissa",
"3": "",
"4": "abbess"
},
"expansion": "abbātissa (“abbess”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Old Northern French -esse, from Late Latin -issa (as in abbātissa (“abbess”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Late Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Northern French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "secretaris (“secretary, receptionist”) – secretaresse (“female secretary, female receptionist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates the female form of some persons or occupations, as English -ess."
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛ.sə/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ece",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ise"
},
"expansion": "-ise",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ity",
"-ity#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:quality"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-esse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -esse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (female equivalent)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:female"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (wife of)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:wife"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"hyphenation": [
"-és‧se"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/esse",
"Rhymes:Italian/esse/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ere verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"third-person singular",
"third-person singular#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈes.se/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-esse"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English: -ess",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of otherwise male nouns denoting beings or persons."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"male",
"male#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:-ess"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "displaced",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-es"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-asse"
},
{
"word": "-as"
},
{
"word": "-eyse"
},
{
"word": "-eys"
},
{
"word": "-eis"
},
{
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"word": "-ysse"
},
{
"word": "-iss"
},
{
"word": "-yss"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
},
{
"word": "-is"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ece",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-ise"
},
"expansion": "-ise",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ity",
"-ity#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:quality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -esse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (used to form feminine nouns from masculine ones)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:female"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-esse"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-esse",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.