See -esse on Wiktionary
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"text": "secretaris (“secretary, receptionist”) – secretaresse (“female secretary, female receptionist”)"
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"word": "-asse"
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"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (female equivalent)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:female"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (wife of)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fr:wife"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"hyphenation": [
"-és‧se"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/esse",
"Rhymes:Italian/esse/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ere verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"third-person singular",
"third-person singular#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈes.se/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-esse"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ess"
},
"expansion": "English: -ess",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of otherwise male nouns denoting beings or persons."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"male",
"male#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:-ess"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "displaced",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-es"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-asse"
},
{
"word": "-as"
},
{
"word": "-eyse"
},
{
"word": "-eys"
},
{
"word": "-eis"
},
{
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"word": "-ysse"
},
{
"word": "-iss"
},
{
"word": "-yss"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
},
{
"word": "-is"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ece",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ece"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"-ity",
"-ity#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:quality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "French: -esse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -esse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -esse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ess (used to form feminine nouns from masculine ones)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"frm:female"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -esse meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-esse"
],
"section": "Italian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-esse",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.