"-esse" meaning in French

See -esse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ɛs/ Forms: -esses [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|-ece|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French -ece, {{inh+|fr|fro|-ece}} Inherited from Old French -ece, {{inh|fr|la|-itia}} Latin -itia, {{m|fr|-ise}} -ise Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} -esse f (plural -esses)
  1. used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.) Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:quality Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 74 18 9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /ɛs/ Forms: -esses [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|-esse|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French -esse, {{inh+|fr|frm|-esse}} Inherited from Middle French -esse, {{inh|fr|fro|-esse}} Old French -esse, {{inh|fr|LL.|-issa}} Late Latin -issa, {{der|fr|grc|-ισσα}} Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa) Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} -esse f (plural -esses)
  1. -ess (female equivalent) Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:female
  2. -ess (wife of) Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:wife
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for -esse meaning in French (3.0kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ece",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ece",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ece"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-itia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -itia",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-ise"
      },
      "expansion": "-ise",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "74 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:quality",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ness",
          "-ness#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ity",
          "-ity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:quality"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-esse"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-esse",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French -esse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-esse"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -esse",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-esse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -esse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-issa"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-ισσα"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "-ess (female equivalent)"
      ],
      "id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:female",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:female"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "-ess (wife of)"
      ],
      "id": "en--esse-fr-suffix-fr:wife",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:wife"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-esse"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French feminine suffixes",
    "French lemmas",
    "French noun-forming suffixes",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "French terms derived from Late Latin",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Late Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ece",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ece",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ece"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ece",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-itia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -itia",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-ise"
      },
      "expansion": "-ise",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ness",
          "-ness#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ity",
          "-ity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:quality"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-esse"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French feminine suffixes",
    "French lemmas",
    "French noun-forming suffixes",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "French terms derived from Late Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Late Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-esse",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French -esse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-esse"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -esse",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-esse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -esse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-issa"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-ισσα"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -esse, from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-esse f (plural -esses)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "-ess (female equivalent)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:female"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "-ess (wife of)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "fr:wife"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-esse"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.