See -en on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -en meaning in All languages combined (146.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "awoken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "been"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boughten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "broken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chosen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forgiven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forgotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forsaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "given"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mistaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "seen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stolen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "taken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "woken up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -n",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "take(n), took, taken",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "taka, tók, tekinn",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*-ᛁᚾᚨ-",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-ina-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *-ᛁᚾᚨ- (*-ina-)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "*-anaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "do(n), dud(e), ydo",
"3": "",
"4": "do, did, done"
},
"expansion": "Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cume(n), com, ycume",
"3": "",
"4": "come, came, come"
},
"expansion": "cume(n), com, ycume (“come, came, come”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, -en, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)), from Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)). From Proto-Norse *-ᛁᚾᚨ- (*-ina-), from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, a variant of *-anaz. Replaced the native past participle ending of strong verbs (from Old English -en) in some words, which had weakened to -e or disappeared (compare Southern Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)), but not in others (compare cume(n), com, ycume (“come, came, come”)), from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "take + -en → taken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forgive + -en → forgiven",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prove + -en → proven",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-iXhkHadr",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fork + -en → forken (“forked”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pave + -en → paven (“paved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "barefoot + -en → bare-footen (“bare-footed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "enslave + -en → enslaven (“enslaved”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-PDlO~xFE",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "-en",
"word": "also: Category:English irregular plurals ending in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aurochsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brethren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "children"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "eyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oxen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sistren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-in-"
},
"expansion": "*-in-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-én-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-én-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -n",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle English"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Old English"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nama",
"3": "naman",
"g1": "m",
"t1": "name",
"t2": "names"
},
"expansion": "nama m (“name”) + -en → naman (“names”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlǣfdīġe",
"3": "hlǣfdīġan",
"g1": "f",
"t1": "lady",
"t2": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "hlǣfdīġe f (“lady”) + -en → hlǣfdīġan (“ladies”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēare",
"3": "ēaran",
"g1": "n",
"t1": "ear",
"t2": "ears"
},
"expansion": "ēare n (“ear”) + -en → ēaran (“ears”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-um"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -an, from Proto-Germanic *-an-, *-in-, from Proto-Indo-European *-én-.\nFrom Middle English -n (in words ending in a vowel: flee: fleen \"flea: fleas\") and -en. Noun plural marker (predominantly in Southern dialects of Middle English), from Old English nominative-accusative plural ending of weak nouns (n-stem declension); compare nama m (“name”) + -en → naman (“names”); hlǣfdīġe f (“lady”) + -en → hlǣfdīġan (“ladies”); ēare n (“ear”) + -en → ēaran (“ears”). Assisted by Middle English dative plural ending -n, -en from late O.E. -un, -on, weakened form of earlier -um. Akin to Old High German n-stem (compare namo: namon \"name: names\"), Latin n-stem (compare homo: homin-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Examples in general modern use",
"text": "aurochs + -en → aurochsen\nbrother + -en → brethren (religious sense)\nchild + -en → children (cf. childer)\nox + -en → oxen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Archaic or dialectal examples",
"text": "bee + -en → been\ncheese + -en → cheesen\nky (“cows”) + -en → kine\nknee + -en → kneen\ney + -en → eyren\neye + -en → eyen\nfeather + -en → feathern\nhorse + -en → horsen\nhose + -en → hosen\nhouse + -en → housen\npease + -en → peasen\nshoe + -en → shoon\nsister + -en → sistren\ntree + -en → treen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1890, John Drummond Robertson, lord Henry Haughton Reynolds Moreton, A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester",
"text": "Moder, gyn, will not y washen' the dishen'. i. Mother, Jone, will not wash the dishes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote the plural form of a small number of English nouns, the majority of whose etymologies go back to the n-stem (i.e. weak noun) declension of Germanic languages."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:plural_noun",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "box + -en → boxen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "VAX + -en → VAXen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007, James Patrick Kelly, John Kessel, Rewired: The Post-Cyberpunk Anthology",
"text": "There was one other user logged in, “scaredy,” and he checked the process monitor and saw that scaredy had spawned all the hundreds of processes that were probing him and plenty of other boxen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jenny Lawson, Let's Pretend This Never Happened",
"text": "Victor and I are having a huge argument about whether or not to feed the foxen. Victor says yes, because they're adorable and— according to the neighbors—are quite tame. I say no, because we have a fat little pug who likes to frolic outside occasionally and I don't want to see him eaten. I thought we were on the same page about the fox, but then Victor went and threw an apple at it. And I was all, “What the fuck? We don't feed the foxen,” and he said, “I was throwing the apple at it to chase it away,” but Victor is a tremendous liar, and he didn't go to pick up the apple, probably because he knows that foxen love apple cider.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, David Greygoose, Brunt Boggart",
"text": "For now the boys grew whiskers and hung fox pelts from their shoulders and the girlen all wore scarlet skirts and braided ribbons through their hair.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural of nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-Q4Ct2C5e",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "often dialectal or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, rare, often dialectal or humorous) Used to form the plural of nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"nonstandard",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-enen",
"4": "-(e)nen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -(e)nen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-enien",
"3": "-(e)nien"
},
"expansion": "-(e)nien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-nian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -nian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -na",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -na",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -(e)nen, -(e)nien, from Old English -nian, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną. Cognate with Danish -ne, Swedish -na, Icelandic -na.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "white (adjective) + -en → whiten",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "quick + -en → quicken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "strength (noun) + -en → strengthen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "haste + -en → hasten",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "night + -en → nighten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). Usually, the verb is ergative, sometimes not. The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, strengthen, in which case the verb means roughly, \"to give (noun) to\", or \"to become like (noun)\"."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:inchoative",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"ergative",
"ergative verb#English"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:inchoative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-gøre"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ne"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-igi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ít"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ecer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-escer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -inn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īnus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "-ine",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en, from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz; suffix meaning \"made of, consisting of, having the qualities of\" applied to nouns to form adjectives. Akin to Dutch -en, German -en, Icelandic -inn, Latin -īnus. See -ine.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "wolf + -en → wolven",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "peach + -en → peachen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "goat + -en → goaten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"pertaining to\", \"having the qualities of\", \"resembling\", \"like\"."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:resembling",
"senseid": [
"en:resembling"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Current examples used in a literal and sometimes metaphorical sense",
"text": "wood + -en → wooden\ngold + -en → golden\nwheat + -en → wheaten\noat + -en → oaten\nsilk + -en → silken\nearth + -en → earthen\nflax + -en → flaxen\nlead + -en → leaden\nwool + -en → woollen\noak + -en → oaken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Examples where a metaphorical sense is common but the literal sense is rare or archaic",
"text": "brass + -en → brazen (\"shameless\")",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Rare or archaic examples",
"text": "ash + -en → ashen (\"made of ash-tree wood\"; ashen \"grey like ashes, appalled\" is still current)\nbox + -en → boxen (\"made of boxwood\")\nbronze + -en → bronzen\nsilver + -en → silvern\ncedar + -en → cedarn\nleather + -en → leathern\ncopper + -en → coppern\npaper + -en → papern\nbrick + -en → bricken\nboard + -en → boarden\ntree + -en → treen\nhemp + -en → hempen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Orphan examples",
"text": "line (“flax”) + -en → linen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When attached to certain nouns that are the names of a material, it forms an adjective whose meaning is, made of (noun). This is a formative pattern with many obsolescent remnants. Fowler (1926) pointed out the tendency for the -en forms to be restricted to metaphorical and secondary senses. Changes in the form of the root noun, and the dropping of the \"e\" in the suffix occur. There are also orphan formations whose root has been lost to the current language."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:made_of",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:made of"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en, from the neuter form of -en₄.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chick + -en → chicken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "maid + -en → maiden",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "smitch, smidge + -en → smidgen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the diminutives of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:diminutive_noun",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ock"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "-n",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, a blending of Old English infinitives -an and -n, from Proto-Germanic *-aną; and Old English -on and -en, the indicative and subjunctive past tense plural endings of verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1844, William Barnes, “Bringen Wonne Gwäin O' Zundays”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:infinitive",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:infinitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural present tense of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:plural_present",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"present tense",
"present tense#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form the plural present tense of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural present"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 17 2 12 5 14 6 1 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Charlotte Sophia Burne, Georgina Frederica Jackson, Shropshire Folk-lore: A Sheaf of Gleanings, page 46",
"text": "[…] but they tooken on 'em soft, an' maden out as they wun right glad to see 'em agen, an axt 'em to come in an' a some mate an' drink.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Kathi Purnell, Silent Heroes, page 188",
"text": "Both of them had snow on their boots, and a little on the hems of their coats, but they weren't all froze cold like yesterday. “We tooken the bus,” RJ told us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, John D. MacDonald, Deadly Welcome",
"text": "Sure you've seen me before, Doyle. Turkey Kimbroy and I, we tooken you over to Davis long time ago to he'p you get in the army.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural past tense of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-en-suffix-en:plural_past",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, now nonstandard, dialectal) Used to form the plural past tense of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural past"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"nonstandard",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "handi (“big”) + -en → handien (“biggest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zahar (“old”) + -en → zaharren (“oldest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the superlative form of adjectives and adverbs."
],
"id": "en--en-eu-suffix-vl-sng6G",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "eu-inflectional suffixes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-∅",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-aren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)ekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-okin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)entzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arentzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-entzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ontzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)z",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"inessive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"inessive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"locative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"locative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)taraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)raino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-etaraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-otaraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)rantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)rako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-tzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative",
"proximal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 10 27 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 27 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: -ren (after a vowel)"
},
{
"text": "txakur (“dog”) + -en → txakurren (“of some dogs, some dogs'”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive indefinite suffix."
],
"id": "en--en-eu-suffix-H7mVadl9",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 10 27 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 27 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ahizpa (“sister”) + -en → ahizpen (“of the sisters, the sisters'”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive plural suffix."
],
"id": "en--en-eu-suffix-yZ8PiYOX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 10 27 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bost (“five”) + -en → bosten (“fifth”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form fractions; -th"
],
"id": "en--en-eu-suffix-cBP1aIp0",
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 10 27 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 27 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 6 26 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Allomorphic form of -n (“that, which”)."
],
"id": "en--en-eu-pron-DZ~SaXAt",
"links": [
[
"-n",
"-n#Basque"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of"
],
"id": "en--en-chk-suffix-KDkdO8ZO",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-un"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "da-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the singular definite form of nouns of the common gender."
],
"id": "en--en-da-suffix-yxKxQLPs",
"links": [
[
"common gender",
"common gender#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, these nouns being indeclinable and of the common gender."
],
"id": "en--en-da-suffix-kbNq-3Ov",
"links": [
[
"gerund",
"gerund#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "da:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 40 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene."
],
"id": "en--en-da-suffix-88cG4Crl",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"alkene",
"alkene#English"
],
[
"neuter gender",
"neuter gender#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hjerteligen, antageligen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adverbs from adjectives, now displaced by -t."
],
"id": "en--en-da-suffix-Cb4TM5la",
"links": [
[
"-t",
"-t#Danish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Forms adverbs from adjectives, now displaced by -t."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂yéti",
"pos": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-h₂ti",
"pos": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "*-h₂ti (factitive)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Primarily from weak class 2, from Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -on, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative) and *-h₂ti (factitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -d"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -t",
"dt": "t"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-nl:denominative",
"senseid": [
"nl:denominative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ijn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ijn, -in, -en, from Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-",
"part": "-",
"pred": "-"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives that indicate the substance from which something is made."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-nl:substance",
"senseid": [
"nl:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, a merger of various Old Dutch infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Ending of the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-zJ-6I5u~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eners",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 26 2 3 18 19 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs. This can also function as an adjective."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-NVcdPVsZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "From various case forms of the Germanic weak nominal inflection.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural form of many nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-YAEkIVvL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "groot + -en → de groten (“the great ones”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taken by adjectives used as nouns, to form the plural form of such nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-WWlCqzVf",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "een + -en → ten enen male",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-XAs~Y4PC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "de hertog + -en → des hertogen, a genitive preserved in 's-Hertogenbosch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-CmE-h6jm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "From various first- and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural forms of verbs, in both present and past tense."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-oVmMUZRy",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ana"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ana",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-anā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-anā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "voor + -en → van voren (“from the front”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix present on certain adverbs."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-JRfv5vJQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "-en (adverbial)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "in"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Emilian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Emilian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)",
"text": "Mānjen un pōk!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of in"
],
"id": "en--en-egl-pron-x0SZueIg",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in#Emilian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a consonant"
],
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"enclitic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn",
"id": "illative"
},
"expansion": "-Vn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -Vn (illative).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 8 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 19 19 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish possessive suffix variants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 4 24 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn."
],
"id": "en--en-fi-suffix-7-bUpSgE",
"links": [
[
"-Vn",
"-Vn#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-dën"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-dën",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-dën.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 8 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 4 24 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for the genitive plural. Usually preceded by the plural marker -i- or -j-, but may also have a consonant separator -d- after the plural marker if the words would otherwise have 3 consecutive vowels."
],
"id": "en--en-fi-suffix-Dt3lNHk9",
"links": [
[
"-i-",
"-i-#Finnish"
],
[
"-j-",
"-j-#Finnish"
],
[
"-d-",
"-d-#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn",
"id": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "-Vn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -Vn (possessive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa."
],
"id": "en--en-fi-suffix-bVm2-X4g",
"links": [
[
"-nsa",
"-nsa#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possessive) A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 8 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 4 24 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the impersonal potential present forms of verbs. Appended to the impersonal potential stem, which consists of the first infinitive followed by the potential mood marker -ne-."
],
"id": "en--en-fi-suffix-D3DTewee",
"links": [
[
"-ne-",
"-ne-#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal) Forms the impersonal potential present forms of verbs. Appended to the impersonal potential stem, which consists of the first infinitive followed by the potential mood marker -ne-."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-e-"
},
"expansion": "-e-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The instructive singular of -e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 13 7 25 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 15 8 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 4 24 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the instructive case of the second infinitive of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-fi-suffix-oMoc36Hb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ōn"
},
"expansion": "-ōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-nen"
},
"expansion": "-nen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "*-ōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "*-āną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-naną"
},
"expansion": "*-naną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to manage",
"ref": "Accordingly, the suffix is also applied to verbs borrowed from other languages, and may be understood as the suffix for denominal verbs in general (actually -∅ derivation or conversion plus an inflectional suffix that happens to be part of the citation form of a German verb). Foul + -en → foulen (“to foul”)",
"text": "managen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of verbs in their infinitive form."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-cMZ9B8yL",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 13 10 10 6 11 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "we arrive",
"text": "wir kommen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they arrive",
"text": "sie kommen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix indicating the 1st and 3rd person plural forms (except the present indicative sind of sein)."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-AkrRQ5BB",
"links": [
[
"sind",
"sind#German"
],
[
"sein",
"sein#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fallen + ge- and -en → gefallen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to strong verb stems to form the past participle, usually together with ge-."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-wfPLHgl0",
"links": [
[
"ge-",
"ge-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[m̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ŋ̍]"
},
{
"ipa": "[l̩n]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐn]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "after -er, -el; in sein, tun, and some dated/poetic/colloquial forms such as gehn, stehn",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "alternatively in the dated/poetic/colloquial forms",
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different declensional patterns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to some nouns in all of their plural forms. These nouns are so-called “weak” or “mixed” nouns; they are most often feminine, often masculine, rarely neuter."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-wmEjK~sC",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to weak masculine nouns in all oblique cases of the singular, and to some mixed nouns in the singular dative and accusative"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-2d6nHwop",
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"oblique#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to most other nouns, the so-called “strong” nouns, in their plural dative"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-O4mjupU1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix (in fact, the most common declensional ending) which is appended to determiners, adjectives, and participles, for multiple forms of all grammatical cases, both singular and plural."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-gFIfAhs6",
"links": [
[
"grammatical cases",
"Appendix:Glossary#case"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "after -er, -el in nouns, but not usually in adjectives; in Herrn",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Gold (“gold”, noun) + -en → golden (“gold, golden”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that most often refer to materials"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-de:substance",
"senseid": [
"de:substance"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-ern"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós) feminine patronymic suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "de:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-bFGejVpJ",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːn/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "case_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "superessive case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en (superessive case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "szék (“chair”) + -en → széken (“on [a/the] chair”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I sat on a chair next to the table.",
"text": "Az asztal mellett ültem egy széken.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There were books on the chair.",
"text": "A széken könyvek hevertek.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on"
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:superessive",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"senseid": [
"hu:superessive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb-forming_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "szép (“beautiful”) + -en → szépen (“beautifully”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "könnyű (“light, easy”) + -en → könnyen (“easily”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bő (“ample”) + -en → bőven (“amply”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hű (“faithful”) + -en → híven (“faithfully”), aside from the regular hűen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb."
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:adverb",
"links": [
[
"deadjectival",
"deadjectival"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"Appendix:Glossary#adverb"
]
],
"qualifier": "deadjectival adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) -ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 10 49 11 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "S/he eats carrots raw.",
"text": "Nyersen eszi a répát.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb.",
"In Hungarian, this adverb form is used for certain complements that are adjectives in English."
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:adverb1",
"links": [
[
"deadjectival",
"deadjectival"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"Appendix:Glossary#adverb"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "deadjectival adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) -ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb.",
"In Hungarian, this adverb form is used for certain complements that are adjectives in English."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kettő (“two”) + -en → ketten (“two people, two of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are two people in the room.",
"text": "Ketten vannak a szobában.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "öt (“five”) + -en → öten (“five people, five of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hét (“seven”) + -en → heten (“seven people, seven of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Seven of us went to the cinema.",
"text": "Heten mentünk moziba.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kevés (“few”) + -en → kevesen (“few people, few of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For many are called, but few are chosen.",
"text": "Sokan vannak a meghívottak, de kevesen a választottak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ezer (“thousand”) + -en → ezren (“a thousand people, a thousand of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people."
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:number",
"links": [
[
"denumeral",
"denumeral"
],
[
"depronominal",
"depronominal"
],
[
"numeral",
"numeral#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:number"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb-forming_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "reccsen (“to crackle, to make one cracking sound”)"
},
{
"text": "retten (“to be frightened, to recoil, to flinch, to shy away from”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem — often an onomatopoeia — to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action."
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:verb",
"links": [
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeia",
"Appendix:Glossary#onomatopoeia"
],
[
"verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#verb"
],
[
"instantaneous",
"instantaneous#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem — often an onomatopoeia — to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "third-person_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian suffixes with archaic senses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nincsen (“he/she/it isn't, there is none of it”)"
},
{
"text": "van/lenni (“to be”) → legyen (“he/she/it should be, there should be”)"
},
{
"text": "kér (“to ask/request”) + -en → kérjen (“he/she/it should ask for some[thing]”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "megy (“to go”) + -en → megyen (“he/she/it goes, is going”) (in the standard language: megy)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vesz (“to take/grab”) + -en → veszen (“he/she/it takes/grabs”) (in the standard language: vesz)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "visz (“to take/carry”) + -en → viszen (“he/she/it takes/carries”) (in the standard language: visz)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jen, formerly also occurring in the indicative)."
],
"id": "en--en-hu-suffix-hu:personal",
"links": [
[
"-jen",
"-jen#Hungarian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix, chiefly dialectal or archaic) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jen, formerly also occurring in the indicative)."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:personal"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "えん"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of えん"
],
"id": "en--en-ja-romanization-EdRJgyQG",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"えん",
"えん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-unga"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -unga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ning"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ning",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -inge, from Old Saxon -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Dutch -ing, Swedish -ning, German -ung, English -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Aflösen"
},
{
"word": "Afstimmen"
},
{
"word": "Anwiesen"
},
{
"word": "Bedüden"
},
{
"word": "Bereken"
},
{
"word": "Beropen"
},
{
"word": "Beschrieven"
},
{
"word": "Besinnen"
},
{
"word": "Besluten"
},
{
"word": "Bewegen"
},
{
"word": "Düngen"
},
{
"word": "Forschen"
},
{
"word": "Füern"
},
{
"word": "Gliekstellen"
},
{
"word": "Globaliseren"
},
{
"word": "Höpen"
},
{
"word": "Hüsen"
},
{
"word": "Levern"
},
{
"word": "Menen"
},
{
"word": "Nähren"
},
{
"word": "Opmuntern"
},
{
"word": "Regeren"
},
{
"word": "Reken"
},
{
"word": "Stiften"
},
{
"word": "Stärken"
},
{
"word": "Tehren"
},
{
"word": "Utdüden"
},
{
"word": "Uttehren"
},
{
"word": "Utwiesen"
},
{
"word": "Verafscheden"
},
{
"word": "Verfaten"
},
{
"word": "Verklappen"
},
{
"word": "Verköhlen"
},
{
"word": "Verornen"
},
{
"word": "Verplichten"
},
{
"word": "Versammeln"
},
{
"word": "Versöken"
},
{
"word": "Vertellen"
},
{
"word": "Verwanneln"
},
{
"word": "Verwohren"
},
{
"word": "Verwunnern"
},
{
"word": "Wickeln"
},
{
"word": "Överdüngen"
},
{
"word": "Ümwanneln"
},
{
"word": "Ümweltbelasten"
},
{
"word": "Ünnerscheden"
},
{
"word": "Ünnerstütten"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bedüden (“to mean”) + -en → de Bedüden (“the meaning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Huus (“house”) + -en → de Hüsen (“the dwelling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from verbs (called gerunds) or other nouns, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action; the equivalent of English -ing"
],
"id": "en--en-nds-suffix-ojXf6cIB",
"links": [
[
"gerunds",
"Appendix:Glossary#gerund"
],
[
"English",
"w:English language"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -en, a blending of Old Saxon infinitives -an, -ian and -on, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-nds-suffix-HlnxGx~d",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used for some nouns to form plural forms."
],
"id": "en--en-lb-suffix-PMxjpWdh",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to show the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-lb-suffix-87x0z3cs",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 10 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that refer to materials"
],
"id": "en--en-lb-suffix-IZIyq14F",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eifeler Regel"
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A merger of various infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive Old Dutch -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive Old Dutch -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the infinitive form of verbs, used as a suffix to form new verbs as well."
],
"id": "en--en-dum-suffix-35-GIqQc",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Old Dutch [Term?] strong past participle ending -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 78 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-dum-suffix-ZnPldhbP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From various first and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the first- and third-person plural forms of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-dum-suffix-Kw8lTcKK",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in"
],
"id": "en--en-dum-suffix-6y1aS0dN",
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Middle Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "-ᛁᚾᚨᛉ",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-anaz",
"pos": "past participle ending of strong verbs"
},
"expansion": "*-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs, from Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz), from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, *-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs). Replaced the native past participle ending of strong verbs (from Old English -en) in some words, which had weakened to -e or disappeared.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 6 5 5 12 5 12 11 5 4 7 5 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a strong verb."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:participial",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the infinitive when attached to verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:infinitival",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:infinitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb plural"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English -on, -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past indicative plural form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-kEqgacm2",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present and past subjunctive plural form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Zm1yN08A",
"links": [
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present indicative plural form of certain verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-NfAFpKFC",
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, a plural and oblique case marker.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the plural form of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:noun_plural",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:noun plural"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Dzt9vMaT",
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-VCjyQBh-",
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
],
[
"weak",
"weak#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -um",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative singular and plural of strong adjectives."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Fbnv2Rm5",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "almaunden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aspen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "asshen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "attern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brasen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cleyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "copren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "elmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "erden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "erthen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flaxen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gilden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "glasen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "golden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "haselen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "holinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "letheren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "linden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lynnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mapelyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rochen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "selken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sylveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "treen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -en, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -en, -in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”), from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Hp2Zs0J3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:made_of",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-un"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a diminutive form of a noun."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of a small, fixed number of nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:feminine",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-nian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -nian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -nian, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-enen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -enen."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-U9A8mk2E",
"links": [
[
"-enen",
"-enen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ηνός",
"pos": "added to place name to form an adjective"
},
"expansion": "-ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-νός"
},
"expansion": "-νός (-nós)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-νος"
},
"expansion": "-νος (-nos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós",
"pos": "creates verbal adjectives from roots"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ), feminine form of -ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective), from -νός (-nós), alternative form of -νος (-nos), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-enet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-en"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "nb:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "nb:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "acetylene, benzene",
"text": "acetylen, benzen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene"
],
"id": "en--en-nb-suffix-nb:noun",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"alkynes",
"alkynes#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "nb:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "nb:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ethylene, propylene",
"text": "etylen, propylen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene"
],
"id": "en--en-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"alkenes",
"alkenes#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːn"
},
{
"homophone": "en"
},
{
"audio": "nb--en.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nb--en.ogg/Nb--en.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nb--en.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enu",
"3": "-en",
"4": "-enu",
"5": "-enes",
"6": "-ena",
"7": "-ene",
"8": "-enum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mæġeþ (“girl”) + -en → mæġden (“girl,” originally “little girl”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cocc (“rooster”) + -en → ċycen, ċicen (“chick”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "broþ (“broth, brewing”) + -en → bryþen (“brewing, drink”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to create diminutive neuter nouns"
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-zjM6ASA8",
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) used to create diminutive neuter nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ini",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ini",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ini"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ini",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ennum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-enn",
"nomsg": "-en"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enna,-enne",
"3": "-enne",
"4": "-enna,-enne",
"5": "-enne",
"6": "-enna",
"7": "-enne",
"8": "-ennum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "god (“(male) god”) + -en → gyden (“goddess”) (with i-mutation)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þēow (“(male) servant”) + -en → þiewen (“female servant”) (without i-mutation)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to create feminine nouns from other nouns"
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-ang:female",
"qualifier": "often causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(often causes i-mutation) used to create feminine nouns from other nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"ang:female"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -en, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -en, -in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"contractable": "1"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gold (“gold”) + -en → gylden (“golden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ātor (“poison”) + -en → ǣtren (“venomous, poisonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stān (“stone”) + -en → stǣnen (“stonen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "āc (“oak”) + -en → ǣcen (“oaken”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trēow (“tree”) + -en → triewen (“wooden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "līn (“flax”) + -en → līnen (“linen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sǣ (“sea”) + -en → sǣn (“marine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adjectival suffix meaning \"material made of, consisting of”, also sometimes “characteristic of”."
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-vj1yDfUc",
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) adjectival suffix meaning \"material made of, consisting of”, also sometimes “characteristic of”."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-an",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-an"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 19 30 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "come",
"text": "ġecumen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "carved",
"text": "ġecorfen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "swooned",
"text": "ġeswōgen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle ending of strong verbs"
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-~gzrAcTP",
"qualifier": "verbal suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verbal suffix) past participle ending of strong verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-an-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tungol (“star”) + -en → tunglen (“of the stars, sidereal, starry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal, of a father”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hund (“dog, hound”) + -en → hunden (“canine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"meaning belonging to or characterised by"
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-jZJoVuUj",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adjective suffix) meaning belonging to or characterised by"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īni",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īni"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-īni",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-inī"
},
"expansion": "*-inī",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-īni, from Proto-Germanic *-īniz. Sometimes with geminate -nn-, probably due to confusion with the feminine suffix from *-inī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ennum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-enn",
"nomsg": "-en"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enna,-enne",
"3": "-enne",
"4": "-enna,-enne",
"5": "-enne",
"6": "-enna",
"7": "-enne",
"8": "-ennum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "byrgan (“to bury”) + -en → byrgen (“burying, grave”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sellan (“to give, grant”) + -en → selen (“giving, gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þicgan (“to take, accept”) + -en → þigen (“taking”) (inflected as strong and weak)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from class 1 weak verbs"
],
"id": "en--en-ang-suffix-z~DiozFX",
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) forms nouns from class 1 weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-en m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "pl:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "acetyl + -en → acetylen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene)"
],
"id": "en--en-pl-suffix-XQaNlGGD",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) -ene (alkene)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-en-"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "rrom (“Romani man”) + -en → rromen"
},
{
"text": "daj (“mother”) + -en → dajen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the accusative plural of oikoclitic animate nouns"
],
"id": "en--en-rom-suffix-lIA3vX1F",
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "International Standard",
"word": "-ěn"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aiken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"id": "en--en-sco-suffix-Hp2Zs0J3",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"id": "en--en-sco-suffix-sco:made_of",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sco:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ən",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ən"
},
"expansion": "-ən",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create an adjective."
],
"id": "en--en-sl-suffix-GkRhd1Wy",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ent",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-unt"
},
"expansion": "-unt",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ent and -unt.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-an"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 39 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -er and -ir verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-es-suffix-5IOnuI6K",
"links": [
[
"third-person plural",
"third-person plural#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 39 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural present subjunctive of -ar verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-es-suffix-BDd-1lU2",
"links": [
[
"third-person plural",
"third-person plural#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 39 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -ar verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-es-suffix-gsb0rKN1",
"links": [
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hinn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jainaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *i-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From forms of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. From Old Norse -inn, -in, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *i-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 18 18 17 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for definite form singular of common gender nouns which end in a consonant, e.g. fisk (“fish”) + -en → fisken (“the fish”); see also -n."
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-RaoAISiF",
"links": [
[
"fisk",
"fisk#Swedish"
],
[
"fisken",
"fisken#Swedish"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 18 18 17 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"träd (“tree”) + -en → träden (“the trees”)"
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-UBuNhwUy",
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"träd",
"träd#Swedish"
],
[
"träden",
"träden#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "neuter nouns ending in a consonant",
"raw_glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(neuter nouns ending in a consonant) träd (“tree”) + -en → träden (“the trees”)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 18 18 17 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(common-gender nouns in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are) gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)",
"gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)"
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-PNJktfET",
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"gäss",
"gäss#Swedish"
],
[
"gässen",
"gässen#Swedish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(common-gender nouns in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are) gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 18 18 17 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(the irregular neuter plurals ögon (\"eyes\") and öron (\"ears\"))"
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-zGt30qY6",
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"ögon",
"ögon#Swedish"
],
[
"öron",
"öron#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 18 18 17 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for the past participle of verbs belonging to the fourth (strong) declension, e.g. sjunga (“sing”) + -en → sjungen (“sung”), skjuta (“shoot”) + -en → skjuten (“shot”)."
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-aO-3innd",
"links": [
[
"sjunga",
"sjunga#Swedish"
],
[
"sjungen",
"sjungen#Swedish"
],
[
"skjuta",
"skjuta#Swedish"
],
[
"skjuten",
"skjuten#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for indefinite form plural of only the neuter noun huvud (“head”), e.g. huvud (“head”) + -en → huvuden (“heads”)."
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-FB2Is-aP",
"links": [
[
"huvud",
"huvud#Swedish"
],
[
"huvuden",
"huvuden#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix which converts a few adjectives into adverbs, e.g. möjlig (“possible”) + -en → möjligen (“possibly”)."
],
"id": "en--en-sv-suffix-FgzVvHzU",
"links": [
[
"möjlig",
"möjlig#Swedish"
],
[
"möjligen",
"möjligen#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-enn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-enn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-enn"
},
"expansion": "Breton -enn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -en, from Old Welsh -en, from Proto-Brythonic *-enn. Cognate with Cornish -en, Breton -enn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "masculine",
"4": "-yn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-en f (masculine -yn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "llygod (“mice”) + -en → llygoden (“mouse”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sêr (“stars”) + -en → seren (“star”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coed (“trees, wood”) + -en → coeden (“tree”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the singulative of certain words."
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-JB4pOyfo",
"links": [
[
"singulative",
"singulative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "llysywen (“eel”)"
},
{
"text": "matsien (“match”)"
},
{
"text": "taten (“potato”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form certain singular words."
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-hEzYYr4w",
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pêl (“ball”) + -en → pelen (“little ball, pellet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lloer (“moon”) + -en → lloeren (“satellite”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gwraig (“woman, wife”) + -en → gwreigen (“little woman, little wife”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-lI9aKYWq",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "coch (“red”) + -en → cochen (“(female) redhead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clebr (“gossip, chatter”) + -en → clebren (“(female) gossip”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gwlith (“dew”) + -en → gwlithen (“slug”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female or feminine person or creature"
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-GmN9cT-l",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cwyr (“wax”) + -en → cwyren (“cake or tablet of wax”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "calch (“lime, chalk”) + -en → calchen (“limestone”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "awyr (“sky”) + -en → awyren (“aeroplane”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "crwm (“curved”) + -en → cromen (“dome”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating an object, item, thing"
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-aJB15KVT",
"links": [
[
"object",
"object#English"
],
[
"item",
"item#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 9 2 12 36 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ych (“ox”) + -en → ychen (“oxen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plural nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-oEMsOn~n",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aid"
},
{
"word": "-aint"
},
{
"word": "-au"
},
{
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-edd"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-iadau"
},
{
"word": "-iaid"
},
{
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"word": "-od"
},
{
"word": "-oedd"
},
{
"word": "-on"
},
{
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ai̯n/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional"
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-hysig4gJ",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional"
],
"id": "en--en-cy-suffix-w8TxQbDB",
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-sen"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yua",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yucatec Maya",
"lang_code": "yua",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a farmer.",
"text": "Koolnáalen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I am a mother.",
"text": "Teen na'en.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I am thirsty.",
"text": "Na'ajen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the first-person singular present copular; added to nouns and adjectives"
],
"id": "en--en-yua-suffix-9t0xnZvY",
"links": [
[
"first-person singular",
"first-person singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yua",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yucatec Maya",
"lang_code": "yua",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Enter!",
"text": "Ooken!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the second-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en--en-yua-suffix-UVK4QYOv",
"links": [
[
"second-person plural",
"second-person plural#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Basque clitics",
"Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"Basque lemmas",
"Basque pronouns",
"Basque suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "handi (“big”) + -en → handien (“biggest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zahar (“old”) + -en → zaharren (“oldest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the superlative form of adjectives and adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Basque clitics",
"Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"Basque inflectional suffixes",
"Basque lemmas",
"Basque pronouns",
"Basque suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "eu-inflectional suffixes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-∅",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolutive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ergative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-aren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)ekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ekin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-okin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)entzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arentzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-entzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ontzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)z",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"inessive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"inessive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"locative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"locative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganaino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)taraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)raino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-etaraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-otaraino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"directive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)rantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otarantz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"directive",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)enganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arenganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-onganako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"animate",
"destinative",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)rako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otarako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"destinative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)engandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-arengandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-engandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ongandik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"animate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tatik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)tik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-etik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-otik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"inanimate",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-(r)ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "-tzat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative",
"proximal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: -ren (after a vowel)"
},
{
"text": "txakur (“dog”) + -en → txakurren (“of some dogs, some dogs'”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive indefinite suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ahizpa (“sister”) + -en → ahizpen (“of the sisters, the sisters'”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitive plural suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bost (“five”) + -en → bosten (“fifth”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form fractions; -th"
],
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Basque clitics",
"Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"Basque lemmas",
"Basque pronouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Allomorphic form of -n (“that, which”)."
],
"links": [
[
"-n",
"-n#Basque"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"of"
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-un"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "da-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the singular definite form of nouns of the common gender."
],
"links": [
[
"common gender",
"common gender#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, these nouns being indeclinable and of the common gender."
],
"links": [
[
"gerund",
"gerund#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"da:Organic chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene."
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"alkene",
"alkene#English"
],
[
"neuter gender",
"neuter gender#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hjerteligen, antageligen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adverbs from adjectives, now displaced by -t."
],
"links": [
[
"-t",
"-t#Danish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Forms adverbs from adjectives, now displaced by -t."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch verb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂yéti",
"pos": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-h₂ti",
"pos": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "*-h₂ti (factitive)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Primarily from weak class 2, from Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -on, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative) and *-h₂ti (factitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -d"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -t",
"dt": "t"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:denominative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ijn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ijn, -in, -en, from Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-",
"part": "-",
"pred": "-"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives that indicate the substance from which something is made."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, a merger of various Old Dutch infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Ending of the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eners",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs. This can also function as an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "From various case forms of the Germanic weak nominal inflection.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural form of many nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "groot + -en → de groten (“the great ones”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taken by adjectives used as nouns, to form the plural form of such nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "een + -en → ten enen male",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "de hertog + -en → des hertogen, a genitive preserved in 's-Hertogenbosch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "From various first- and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural forms of verbs, in both present and past tense."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ana"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ana",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-anā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-anā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "voor + -en → van voren (“from the front”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix present on certain adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "-en (adverbial)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "in"
}
],
"categories": [
"Emilian entries with incorrect language header",
"Emilian lemmas",
"Emilian pronouns",
"Emilian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Emilian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)",
"text": "Mānjen un pōk!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of in"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in#Emilian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of in"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a consonant"
],
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"enclitic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "awoken"
},
{
"word": "been"
},
{
"word": "boughten"
},
{
"word": "broken"
},
{
"word": "chosen"
},
{
"word": "fallen"
},
{
"word": "forgiven"
},
{
"word": "forgotten"
},
{
"word": "forsaken"
},
{
"word": "given"
},
{
"word": "gotten"
},
{
"word": "mistaken"
},
{
"word": "rotten"
},
{
"word": "seen"
},
{
"word": "shaken"
},
{
"word": "stolen"
},
{
"word": "taken"
},
{
"word": "woken up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -n",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "take(n), took, taken",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "taka, tók, tekinn",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*-ᛁᚾᚨ-",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-ina-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *-ᛁᚾᚨ- (*-ina-)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "*-anaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "do(n), dud(e), ydo",
"3": "",
"4": "do, did, done"
},
"expansion": "Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cume(n), com, ycume",
"3": "",
"4": "come, came, come"
},
"expansion": "cume(n), com, ycume (“come, came, come”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, -en, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)), from Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)). From Proto-Norse *-ᛁᚾᚨ- (*-ina-), from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, a variant of *-anaz. Replaced the native past participle ending of strong verbs (from Old English -en) in some words, which had weakened to -e or disappeared (compare Southern Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)), but not in others (compare cume(n), com, ycume (“come, came, come”)), from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "take + -en → taken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forgive + -en → forgiven",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prove + -en → proven",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fork + -en → forken (“forked”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pave + -en → paven (“paved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "barefoot + -en → bare-footen (“bare-footed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "enslave + -en → enslaven (“enslaved”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "-en",
"word": "also: Category:English irregular plurals ending in"
},
{
"word": "aurochsen"
},
{
"word": "brethren"
},
{
"word": "children"
},
{
"word": "eyen"
},
{
"word": "kine"
},
{
"word": "oxen"
},
{
"word": "shoon"
},
{
"word": "sistren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-in-"
},
"expansion": "*-in-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-én-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-én-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -n",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle English"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Old English"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nama",
"3": "naman",
"g1": "m",
"t1": "name",
"t2": "names"
},
"expansion": "nama m (“name”) + -en → naman (“names”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlǣfdīġe",
"3": "hlǣfdīġan",
"g1": "f",
"t1": "lady",
"t2": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "hlǣfdīġe f (“lady”) + -en → hlǣfdīġan (“ladies”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēare",
"3": "ēaran",
"g1": "n",
"t1": "ear",
"t2": "ears"
},
"expansion": "ēare n (“ear”) + -en → ēaran (“ears”)",
"name": "suffixusex"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-um"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -an, from Proto-Germanic *-an-, *-in-, from Proto-Indo-European *-én-.\nFrom Middle English -n (in words ending in a vowel: flee: fleen \"flea: fleas\") and -en. Noun plural marker (predominantly in Southern dialects of Middle English), from Old English nominative-accusative plural ending of weak nouns (n-stem declension); compare nama m (“name”) + -en → naman (“names”); hlǣfdīġe f (“lady”) + -en → hlǣfdīġan (“ladies”); ēare n (“ear”) + -en → ēaran (“ears”). Assisted by Middle English dative plural ending -n, -en from late O.E. -un, -on, weakened form of earlier -um. Akin to Old High German n-stem (compare namo: namon \"name: names\"), Latin n-stem (compare homo: homin-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Examples in general modern use",
"text": "aurochs + -en → aurochsen\nbrother + -en → brethren (religious sense)\nchild + -en → children (cf. childer)\nox + -en → oxen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Archaic or dialectal examples",
"text": "bee + -en → been\ncheese + -en → cheesen\nky (“cows”) + -en → kine\nknee + -en → kneen\ney + -en → eyren\neye + -en → eyen\nfeather + -en → feathern\nhorse + -en → horsen\nhose + -en → hosen\nhouse + -en → housen\npease + -en → peasen\nshoe + -en → shoon\nsister + -en → sistren\ntree + -en → treen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1890, John Drummond Robertson, lord Henry Haughton Reynolds Moreton, A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester",
"text": "Moder, gyn, will not y washen' the dishen'. i. Mother, Jone, will not wash the dishes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote the plural form of a small number of English nouns, the majority of whose etymologies go back to the n-stem (i.e. weak noun) declension of Germanic languages."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English humorous terms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "box + -en → boxen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "VAX + -en → VAXen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007, James Patrick Kelly, John Kessel, Rewired: The Post-Cyberpunk Anthology",
"text": "There was one other user logged in, “scaredy,” and he checked the process monitor and saw that scaredy had spawned all the hundreds of processes that were probing him and plenty of other boxen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jenny Lawson, Let's Pretend This Never Happened",
"text": "Victor and I are having a huge argument about whether or not to feed the foxen. Victor says yes, because they're adorable and— according to the neighbors—are quite tame. I say no, because we have a fat little pug who likes to frolic outside occasionally and I don't want to see him eaten. I thought we were on the same page about the fox, but then Victor went and threw an apple at it. And I was all, “What the fuck? We don't feed the foxen,” and he said, “I was throwing the apple at it to chase it away,” but Victor is a tremendous liar, and he didn't go to pick up the apple, probably because he knows that foxen love apple cider.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, David Greygoose, Brunt Boggart",
"text": "For now the boys grew whiskers and hung fox pelts from their shoulders and the girlen all wore scarlet skirts and braided ribbons through their hair.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "often dialectal or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, rare, often dialectal or humorous) Used to form the plural of nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"nonstandard",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb-forming suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-enen",
"4": "-(e)nen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -(e)nen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-enien",
"3": "-(e)nien"
},
"expansion": "-(e)nien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-nian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -nian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -na",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -na",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -(e)nen, -(e)nien, from Old English -nian, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną. Cognate with Danish -ne, Swedish -na, Icelandic -na.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "white (adjective) + -en → whiten",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "quick + -en → quicken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "strength (noun) + -en → strengthen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "haste + -en → hasten",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "night + -en → nighten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). Usually, the verb is ergative, sometimes not. The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, strengthen, in which case the verb means roughly, \"to give (noun) to\", or \"to become like (noun)\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"ergative",
"ergative verb#English"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:inchoative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-gøre"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ne"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-igi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ít"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-ecer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make [adjective], to cause to be [adjective]",
"word": "-escer"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -inn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īnus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "-ine",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en, from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz; suffix meaning \"made of, consisting of, having the qualities of\" applied to nouns to form adjectives. Akin to Dutch -en, German -en, Icelandic -inn, Latin -īnus. See -ine.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "wolf + -en → wolven",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "peach + -en → peachen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "goat + -en → goaten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"pertaining to\", \"having the qualities of\", \"resembling\", \"like\"."
],
"senseid": [
"en:resembling"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Current examples used in a literal and sometimes metaphorical sense",
"text": "wood + -en → wooden\ngold + -en → golden\nwheat + -en → wheaten\noat + -en → oaten\nsilk + -en → silken\nearth + -en → earthen\nflax + -en → flaxen\nlead + -en → leaden\nwool + -en → woollen\noak + -en → oaken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Examples where a metaphorical sense is common but the literal sense is rare or archaic",
"text": "brass + -en → brazen (\"shameless\")",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Rare or archaic examples",
"text": "ash + -en → ashen (\"made of ash-tree wood\"; ashen \"grey like ashes, appalled\" is still current)\nbox + -en → boxen (\"made of boxwood\")\nbronze + -en → bronzen\nsilver + -en → silvern\ncedar + -en → cedarn\nleather + -en → leathern\ncopper + -en → coppern\npaper + -en → papern\nbrick + -en → bricken\nboard + -en → boarden\ntree + -en → treen\nhemp + -en → hempen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "Orphan examples",
"text": "line (“flax”) + -en → linen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When attached to certain nouns that are the names of a material, it forms an adjective whose meaning is, made of (noun). This is a formative pattern with many obsolescent remnants. Fowler (1926) pointed out the tendency for the -en forms to be restricted to metaphorical and secondary senses. Changes in the form of the root noun, and the dropping of the \"e\" in the suffix occur. There are also orphan formations whose root has been lost to the current language."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en, from the neuter form of -en₄.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ock"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chick + -en → chicken",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "maid + -en → maiden",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "smitch, smidge + -en → smidgen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the diminutives of certain nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "-n",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, a blending of Old English infinitives -an and -n, from Proto-Germanic *-aną; and Old English -on and -en, the indicative and subjunctive past tense plural endings of verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1844, William Barnes, “Bringen Wonne Gwäin O' Zundays”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:infinitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural present tense of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"present tense",
"present tense#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to form the plural present tense of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural present"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Charlotte Sophia Burne, Georgina Frederica Jackson, Shropshire Folk-lore: A Sheaf of Gleanings, page 46",
"text": "[…] but they tooken on 'em soft, an' maden out as they wun right glad to see 'em agen, an axt 'em to come in an' a some mate an' drink.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Kathi Purnell, Silent Heroes, page 188",
"text": "Both of them had snow on their boots, and a little on the hems of their coats, but they weren't all froze cold like yesterday. “We tooken the bus,” RJ told us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, John D. MacDonald, Deadly Welcome",
"text": "Sure you've seen me before, Doyle. Turkey Kimbroy and I, we tooken you over to Davis long time ago to he'p you get in the army.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural past tense of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, now nonstandard, dialectal) Used to form the plural past tense of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:plural past"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"nonstandard",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən/"
},
{
"other": "/-ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈfæt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.ən.ɪŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--en.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--en.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish possessive suffix variants",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn",
"id": "illative"
},
"expansion": "-Vn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -Vn (illative).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn."
],
"links": [
[
"-Vn",
"-Vn#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish possessive suffix variants",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-dën"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-dën",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-dën.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for the genitive plural. Usually preceded by the plural marker -i- or -j-, but may also have a consonant separator -d- after the plural marker if the words would otherwise have 3 consecutive vowels."
],
"links": [
[
"-i-",
"-i-#Finnish"
],
[
"-j-",
"-j-#Finnish"
],
[
"-d-",
"-d-#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish possessive suffix variants",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn",
"id": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "-Vn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -Vn (possessive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa."
],
"links": [
[
"-nsa",
"-nsa#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possessive) A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the impersonal potential present forms of verbs. Appended to the impersonal potential stem, which consists of the first infinitive followed by the potential mood marker -ne-."
],
"links": [
[
"-ne-",
"-ne-#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal) Forms the impersonal potential present forms of verbs. Appended to the impersonal potential stem, which consists of the first infinitive followed by the potential mood marker -ne-."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish possessive suffix variants",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-e-"
},
"expansion": "-e-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The instructive singular of -e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "",
"14": "-{{{vAr}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the instructive case of the second infinitive of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German verb-forming suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ōn"
},
"expansion": "-ōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-nen"
},
"expansion": "-nen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "*-ōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "*-āną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-naną"
},
"expansion": "*-naną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms in nonstandard scripts",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to manage",
"ref": "Accordingly, the suffix is also applied to verbs borrowed from other languages, and may be understood as the suffix for denominal verbs in general (actually -∅ derivation or conversion plus an inflectional suffix that happens to be part of the citation form of a German verb). Foul + -en → foulen (“to foul”)",
"text": "managen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of verbs in their infinitive form."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "we arrive",
"text": "wir kommen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they arrive",
"text": "sie kommen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix indicating the 1st and 3rd person plural forms (except the present indicative sind of sein)."
],
"links": [
[
"sind",
"sind#German"
],
[
"sein",
"sein#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fallen + ge- and -en → gefallen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to strong verb stems to form the past participle, usually together with ge-."
],
"links": [
[
"ge-",
"ge-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[m̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ŋ̍]"
},
{
"ipa": "[l̩n]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐn]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el; in sein, tun, and some dated/poetic/colloquial forms such as gehn, stehn",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"english": "alternatively in the dated/poetic/colloquial forms",
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different declensional patterns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to some nouns in all of their plural forms. These nouns are so-called “weak” or “mixed” nouns; they are most often feminine, often masculine, rarely neuter."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to weak masculine nouns in all oblique cases of the singular, and to some mixed nouns in the singular dative and accusative"
],
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"oblique#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to most other nouns, the so-called “strong” nouns, in their plural dative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix (in fact, the most common declensional ending) which is appended to determiners, adjectives, and participles, for multiple forms of all grammatical cases, both singular and plural."
],
"links": [
[
"grammatical cases",
"Appendix:Glossary#case"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "after -er, -el in nouns, but not usually in adjectives; in Herrn",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German adjective-forming suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Gold (“gold”, noun) + -en → golden (“gold, golden”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that most often refer to materials"
],
"senseid": [
"de:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-ern"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós) feminine patronymic suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"de:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːn/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian case suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies",
"Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn/1 syllable",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "case_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "superessive case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en (superessive case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "szék (“chair”) + -en → széken (“on [a/the] chair”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I sat on a chair next to the table.",
"text": "Az asztal mellett ültem egy széken.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There were books on the chair.",
"text": "A széken könyvek hevertek.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"senseid": [
"hu:superessive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies",
"Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn/1 syllable",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb-forming_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "szép (“beautiful”) + -en → szépen (“beautifully”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "könnyű (“light, easy”) + -en → könnyen (“easily”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bő (“ample”) + -en → bőven (“amply”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hű (“faithful”) + -en → híven (“faithfully”), aside from the regular hűen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb."
],
"links": [
[
"deadjectival",
"deadjectival"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"Appendix:Glossary#adverb"
]
],
"qualifier": "deadjectival adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) -ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "S/he eats carrots raw.",
"text": "Nyersen eszi a répát.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb.",
"In Hungarian, this adverb form is used for certain complements that are adjectives in English."
],
"links": [
[
"deadjectival",
"deadjectival"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"Appendix:Glossary#adverb"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "deadjectival adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) -ly. Added to an adjective to create an adverb.",
"In Hungarian, this adverb form is used for certain complements that are adjectives in English."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kettő (“two”) + -en → ketten (“two people, two of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are two people in the room.",
"text": "Ketten vannak a szobában.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "öt (“five”) + -en → öten (“five people, five of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hét (“seven”) + -en → heten (“seven people, seven of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Seven of us went to the cinema.",
"text": "Heten mentünk moziba.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kevés (“few”) + -en → kevesen (“few people, few of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For many are called, but few are chosen.",
"text": "Sokan vannak a meghívottak, de kevesen a választottak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ezer (“thousand”) + -en → ezren (“a thousand people, a thousand of us/you/them”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people."
],
"links": [
[
"denumeral",
"denumeral"
],
[
"depronominal",
"depronominal"
],
[
"numeral",
"numeral#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:number"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies",
"Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn/1 syllable",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb-forming_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "reccsen (“to crackle, to make one cracking sound”)"
},
{
"text": "retten (“to be frightened, to recoil, to flinch, to shy away from”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem — often an onomatopoeia — to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action."
],
"links": [
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeia",
"Appendix:Glossary#onomatopoeia"
],
[
"verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#verb"
],
[
"instantaneous",
"instantaneous#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem — often an onomatopoeia — to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies",
"Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛn/1 syllable",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "third-person_suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian dialectal terms",
"Hungarian suffixes with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nincsen (“he/she/it isn't, there is none of it”)"
},
{
"text": "van/lenni (“to be”) → legyen (“he/she/it should be, there should be”)"
},
{
"text": "kér (“to ask/request”) + -en → kérjen (“he/she/it should ask for some[thing]”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "megy (“to go”) + -en → megyen (“he/she/it goes, is going”) (in the standard language: megy)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vesz (“to take/grab”) + -en → veszen (“he/she/it takes/grabs”) (in the standard language: vesz)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "visz (“to take/carry”) + -en → viszen (“he/she/it takes/carries”) (in the standard language: visz)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jen, formerly also occurring in the indicative)."
],
"links": [
[
"-jen",
"-jen#Hungarian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix, chiefly dialectal or archaic) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jen, formerly also occurring in the indicative)."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:personal"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "えん"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of えん"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"えん",
"えん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German feminine suffixes",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German suffixes",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Aflösen"
},
{
"word": "Afstimmen"
},
{
"word": "Anwiesen"
},
{
"word": "Bedüden"
},
{
"word": "Bereken"
},
{
"word": "Beropen"
},
{
"word": "Beschrieven"
},
{
"word": "Besinnen"
},
{
"word": "Besluten"
},
{
"word": "Bewegen"
},
{
"word": "Düngen"
},
{
"word": "Forschen"
},
{
"word": "Füern"
},
{
"word": "Gliekstellen"
},
{
"word": "Globaliseren"
},
{
"word": "Höpen"
},
{
"word": "Hüsen"
},
{
"word": "Levern"
},
{
"word": "Menen"
},
{
"word": "Nähren"
},
{
"word": "Opmuntern"
},
{
"word": "Regeren"
},
{
"word": "Reken"
},
{
"word": "Stiften"
},
{
"word": "Stärken"
},
{
"word": "Tehren"
},
{
"word": "Utdüden"
},
{
"word": "Uttehren"
},
{
"word": "Utwiesen"
},
{
"word": "Verafscheden"
},
{
"word": "Verfaten"
},
{
"word": "Verklappen"
},
{
"word": "Verköhlen"
},
{
"word": "Verornen"
},
{
"word": "Verplichten"
},
{
"word": "Versammeln"
},
{
"word": "Versöken"
},
{
"word": "Vertellen"
},
{
"word": "Verwanneln"
},
{
"word": "Verwohren"
},
{
"word": "Verwunnern"
},
{
"word": "Wickeln"
},
{
"word": "Överdüngen"
},
{
"word": "Ümwanneln"
},
{
"word": "Ümweltbelasten"
},
{
"word": "Ünnerscheden"
},
{
"word": "Ünnerstütten"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-unga"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -unga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ning"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ning",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -inge, from Old Saxon -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Dutch -ing, Swedish -ning, German -ung, English -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bedüden (“to mean”) + -en → de Bedüden (“the meaning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Huus (“house”) + -en → de Hüsen (“the dwelling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from verbs (called gerunds) or other nouns, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action; the equivalent of English -ing"
],
"links": [
[
"gerunds",
"Appendix:Glossary#gerund"
],
[
"English",
"w:English language"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German suffixes",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -en, a blending of Old Saxon infinitives -an, -ian and -on, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the infinitive of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish 1-syllable words",
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used for some nouns to form plural forms."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to show the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that refer to materials"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eifeler Regel"
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A merger of various infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive Old Dutch -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive Old Dutch -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the infinitive form of verbs, used as a suffix to form new verbs as well."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch term requests",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Old Dutch [Term?] strong past participle ending -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From various first and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the first- and third-person plural forms of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in"
],
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Middle Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "-ᛁᚾᚨᛉ",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-anaz",
"pos": "past participle ending of strong verbs"
},
"expansion": "*-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs, from Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz), from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, *-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs). Replaced the native past participle ending of strong verbs (from Old English -en) in some words, which had weakened to -e or disappeared.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a strong verb."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the infinitive when attached to verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:infinitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb plural"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English -on, -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past indicative plural form of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present and past subjunctive plural form of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present indicative plural form of certain verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-e"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, a plural and oblique case marker.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the plural form of certain nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:noun plural"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases of certain nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
],
[
"weak",
"weak#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -um",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative singular and plural of strong adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "almaunden"
},
{
"word": "aspen"
},
{
"word": "asshen"
},
{
"word": "attern"
},
{
"word": "bechen"
},
{
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"word": "brasen"
},
{
"word": "cleyen"
},
{
"word": "copren"
},
{
"word": "elmen"
},
{
"word": "erden"
},
{
"word": "erthen"
},
{
"word": "flaxen"
},
{
"word": "gilden"
},
{
"word": "glasen"
},
{
"word": "golden"
},
{
"word": "haselen"
},
{
"word": "holinen"
},
{
"word": "leden"
},
{
"word": "letheren"
},
{
"word": "linden"
},
{
"word": "lynnen"
},
{
"word": "mapelyn"
},
{
"word": "oken"
},
{
"word": "rochen"
},
{
"word": "selken"
},
{
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"word": "strawen"
},
{
"word": "sylveren"
},
{
"word": "treen"
},
{
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -en, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -en, -in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”), from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ene"
},
{
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"word": "-in"
},
{
"word": "-on"
},
{
"word": "-un"
},
{
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a diminutive form of a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of a small, fixed number of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-nian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -nian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -nian, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-enen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -enen."
],
"links": [
[
"-enen",
"-enen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes",
"nb:Chemistry",
"nb:Hydrocarbon chain suffixes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ηνός",
"pos": "added to place name to form an adjective"
},
"expansion": "-ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-νός"
},
"expansion": "-νός (-nós)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-νος"
},
"expansion": "-νος (-nos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós",
"pos": "creates verbal adjectives from roots"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ), feminine form of -ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective), from -νός (-nós), alternative form of -νος (-nos), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-enet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-en"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Organic chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "acetylene, benzene",
"text": "acetylen, benzen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene"
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"alkynes",
"alkynes#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Organic chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ethylene, propylene",
"text": "etylen, propylen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene"
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"alkenes",
"alkenes#English"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːn"
},
{
"homophone": "en"
},
{
"audio": "nb--en.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nb--en.ogg/Nb--en.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nb--en.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enu",
"3": "-en",
"4": "-enu",
"5": "-enes",
"6": "-ena",
"7": "-ene",
"8": "-enum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mæġeþ (“girl”) + -en → mæġden (“girl,” originally “little girl”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cocc (“rooster”) + -en → ċycen, ċicen (“chick”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "broþ (“broth, brewing”) + -en → bryþen (“brewing, drink”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to create diminutive neuter nouns"
],
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) used to create diminutive neuter nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ini",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ini",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ini"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ini",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ennum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-enn",
"nomsg": "-en"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enna,-enne",
"3": "-enne",
"4": "-enna,-enne",
"5": "-enne",
"6": "-enna",
"7": "-enne",
"8": "-ennum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "god (“(male) god”) + -en → gyden (“goddess”) (with i-mutation)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þēow (“(male) servant”) + -en → þiewen (“female servant”) (without i-mutation)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to create feminine nouns from other nouns"
],
"qualifier": "often causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(often causes i-mutation) used to create feminine nouns from other nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"ang:female"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -en, -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -en, -in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-no",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-na",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-num",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"contractable": "1"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gold (“gold”) + -en → gylden (“golden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ātor (“poison”) + -en → ǣtren (“venomous, poisonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stān (“stone”) + -en → stǣnen (“stonen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "āc (“oak”) + -en → ǣcen (“oaken”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trēow (“tree”) + -en → triewen (“wooden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "līn (“flax”) + -en → līnen (“linen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sǣ (“sea”) + -en → sǣn (“marine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adjectival suffix meaning \"material made of, consisting of”, also sometimes “characteristic of”."
],
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) adjectival suffix meaning \"material made of, consisting of”, also sometimes “characteristic of”."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-an",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-an"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "come",
"text": "ġecumen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "carved",
"text": "ġecorfen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "swooned",
"text": "ġeswōgen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle ending of strong verbs"
],
"qualifier": "verbal suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verbal suffix) past participle ending of strong verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-an-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-an-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-an-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tungol (“star”) + -en → tunglen (“of the stars, sidereal, starry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal, of a father”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hund (“dog, hound”) + -en → hunden (“canine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"meaning belonging to or characterised by"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(adjective suffix) meaning belonging to or characterised by"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īni",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īni"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-īni",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-inī"
},
"expansion": "*-inī",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-īni, from Proto-Germanic *-īniz. Sometimes with geminate -nn-, probably due to confusion with the feminine suffix from *-inī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ennum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-enn",
"nomsg": "-en"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-en",
"2": "-enna,-enne",
"3": "-enne",
"4": "-enna,-enne",
"5": "-enne",
"6": "-enna",
"7": "-enne",
"8": "-ennum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "byrgan (“to bury”) + -en → byrgen (“burying, grave”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sellan (“to give, grant”) + -en → selen (“giving, gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þicgan (“to take, accept”) + -en → þigen (“taking”) (inflected as strong and weak)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from class 1 weak verbs"
],
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) forms nouns from class 1 weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/en/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-en m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛn/1 syllable",
"pl:Organic chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "acetyl + -en → acetylen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene)"
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) -ene (alkene)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-en-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani inflectional suffixes",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "rrom (“Romani man”) + -en → rromen"
},
{
"text": "daj (“mother”) + -en → dajen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the accusative plural of oikoclitic animate nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "International Standard",
"word": "-ěn"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aiken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -en, from Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sco:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ən",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ən"
},
"expansion": "-ən",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene suffixes",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ent",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-unt"
},
"expansion": "-unt",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ent and -unt.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -er and -ir verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"third-person plural",
"third-person plural#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural present subjunctive of -ar verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"third-person plural",
"third-person plural#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -ar verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "hinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hinn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jainaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *i-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From forms of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. From Old Norse -inn, -in, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *i-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for definite form singular of common gender nouns which end in a consonant, e.g. fisk (“fish”) + -en → fisken (“the fish”); see also -n."
],
"links": [
[
"fisk",
"fisk#Swedish"
],
[
"fisken",
"fisken#Swedish"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"träd (“tree”) + -en → träden (“the trees”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"träd",
"träd#Swedish"
],
[
"träden",
"träden#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "neuter nouns ending in a consonant",
"raw_glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(neuter nouns ending in a consonant) träd (“tree”) + -en → träden (“the trees”)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(common-gender nouns in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are) gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)",
"gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"gäss",
"gäss#Swedish"
],
[
"gässen",
"gässen#Swedish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(common-gender nouns in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are) gäss (“geese”) + -en → gässen (“the geese”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the fifth declension (with a suffixless plural) except for those ending in -are"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme",
"noun"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Definite plural suffix for certain nouns; see also -na.",
"(the irregular neuter plurals ögon (\"eyes\") and öron (\"ears\"))"
],
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Swedish"
],
[
"ögon",
"ögon#Swedish"
],
[
"öron",
"öron#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for the past participle of verbs belonging to the fourth (strong) declension, e.g. sjunga (“sing”) + -en → sjungen (“sung”), skjuta (“shoot”) + -en → skjuten (“shot”)."
],
"links": [
[
"sjunga",
"sjunga#Swedish"
],
[
"sjungen",
"sjungen#Swedish"
],
[
"skjuta",
"skjuta#Swedish"
],
[
"skjuten",
"skjuten#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix for indefinite form plural of only the neuter noun huvud (“head”), e.g. huvud (“head”) + -en → huvuden (“heads”)."
],
"links": [
[
"huvud",
"huvud#Swedish"
],
[
"huvuden",
"huvuden#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix which converts a few adjectives into adverbs, e.g. möjlig (“possible”) + -en → möjligen (“possibly”)."
],
"links": [
[
"möjlig",
"möjlig#Swedish"
],
[
"möjligen",
"möjligen#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-enn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-enn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-enn"
},
"expansion": "Breton -enn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -en, from Old Welsh -en, from Proto-Brythonic *-enn. Cognate with Cornish -en, Breton -enn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "masculine",
"4": "-yn",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-en f (masculine -yn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "llygod (“mice”) + -en → llygoden (“mouse”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sêr (“stars”) + -en → seren (“star”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coed (“trees, wood”) + -en → coeden (“tree”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the singulative of certain words."
],
"links": [
[
"singulative",
"singulative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "llysywen (“eel”)"
},
{
"text": "matsien (“match”)"
},
{
"text": "taten (“potato”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form certain singular words."
],
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pêl (“ball”) + -en → pelen (“little ball, pellet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lloer (“moon”) + -en → lloeren (“satellite”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gwraig (“woman, wife”) + -en → gwreigen (“little woman, little wife”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "coch (“red”) + -en → cochen (“(female) redhead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clebr (“gossip, chatter”) + -en → clebren (“(female) gossip”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gwlith (“dew”) + -en → gwlithen (“slug”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female or feminine person or creature"
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cwyr (“wax”) + -en → cwyren (“cake or tablet of wax”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "calch (“lime, chalk”) + -en → calchen (“limestone”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "awyr (“sky”) + -en → awyren (“aeroplane”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "crwm (“curved”) + -en → cromen (“dome”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix indicating an object, item, thing"
],
"links": [
[
"object",
"object#English"
],
[
"item",
"item#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ych (“ox”) + -en → ychen (“oxen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plural nouns."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aid"
},
{
"word": "-aint"
},
{
"word": "-au"
},
{
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-edd"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-iadau"
},
{
"word": "-iaid"
},
{
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"word": "-od"
},
{
"word": "-oedd"
},
{
"word": "-on"
},
{
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ai̯n/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional"
],
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-sen"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yua",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yucatec Maya",
"lang_code": "yua",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a farmer.",
"text": "Koolnáalen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I am a mother.",
"text": "Teen na'en.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I am thirsty.",
"text": "Na'ajen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the first-person singular present copular; added to nouns and adjectives"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person singular",
"first-person singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yua",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yucatec Maya",
"lang_code": "yua",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yucatec Maya terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Enter!",
"text": "Ooken!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix indicating the second-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person plural",
"second-person plural#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.