-oedd in All languages combined

IPA: /ɔɨ̯ð/ [North-Wales], /ɔi̯ð/ [South-Wales, colloquial, standard], /ɔð/ [South-Wales, colloquial] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: According to Pedersen and Jackson, from both Proto-Celtic *-eyes (the nominative plural of masculine and feminine i-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyes) and Proto-Celtic *-esa (the nominative/accusative plural of neuter s-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂); for the development in the latter case compare oedd (“was”) from *esāt (Latin erat). According to Morris Jones, from both Proto-Celtic *-iyes (the same ending as Pedersen’s *-eyes) and *-iyoi (the nominative plural of masculine yo-stems) when the stress fell on the antepenult. According to Schrijver, from a Proto-Celtic *-es-ī that arose when certain neuter s-stems became masculine. Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|cel-pro||*-eyes}} Proto-Celtic *-eyes, {{der|cy|ine-pro||*-eyes}} Proto-Indo-European *-eyes, {{inh|cy|cel-pro||*-esa}} Proto-Celtic *-esa, {{der|cy|ine-pro||*-esh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂, {{m|cy|oedd|t=was}} oedd (“was”), {{m|cel-pro||*esāt}} *esāt, {{noncog|la|erat}} Latin erat, {{m+|cel-pro||*-iyes}} Proto-Celtic *-iyes, {{m|cel-pro||*-eyes}} *-eyes, {{m|cel-pro||*-iyoi}} *-iyoi, {{m+|cel-pro||*-es-ī}} Proto-Celtic *-es-ī Head templates: {{head|cy|suffix}} -oedd

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-eyes",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eyes",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-esa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-esa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-esh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "oedd",
        "t": "was"
      },
      "expansion": "oedd (“was”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*esāt"
      },
      "expansion": "*esāt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "erat"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin erat",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-iyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-iyes",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-eyes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-iyoi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-iyoi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-es-ī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-es-ī",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Pedersen and Jackson, from both Proto-Celtic *-eyes (the nominative plural of masculine and feminine i-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyes) and Proto-Celtic *-esa (the nominative/accusative plural of neuter s-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂); for the development in the latter case compare oedd (“was”) from *esāt (Latin erat).\nAccording to Morris Jones, from both Proto-Celtic *-iyes (the same ending as Pedersen’s *-eyes) and *-iyoi (the nominative plural of masculine yo-stems) when the stress fell on the antepenult.\nAccording to Schrijver, from a Proto-Celtic *-es-ī that arose when certain neuter s-stems became masculine.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-oedd",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "llyfrgell (“library”) + -oedd → llyfrgelloedd (“libraries”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cwm (“valley”) + -oedd → cymoedd (“valleys”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cant (“hundred”) + -oedd → cannoedd (“hundreds”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pluralisation suffix"
      ],
      "id": "en--oedd-cy-suffix-n2Uk8s04",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-aid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-aint"
        },
        {
          "word": "-au"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ed"
        },
        {
          "word": "-edd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-en"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iadau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iaid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ion"
        },
        {
          "word": "-od"
        },
        {
          "word": "-on"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-yr"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ys"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kenneth H. Jackson"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔɨ̯ð/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔi̯ð/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales",
        "colloquial",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔð/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-oedd"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-eyes",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eyes",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-esa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-esa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*-esh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "oedd",
        "t": "was"
      },
      "expansion": "oedd (“was”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*esāt"
      },
      "expansion": "*esāt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "erat"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin erat",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-iyes"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-iyes",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-eyes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-eyes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-iyoi"
      },
      "expansion": "*-iyoi",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-es-ī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-es-ī",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Pedersen and Jackson, from both Proto-Celtic *-eyes (the nominative plural of masculine and feminine i-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyes) and Proto-Celtic *-esa (the nominative/accusative plural of neuter s-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂); for the development in the latter case compare oedd (“was”) from *esāt (Latin erat).\nAccording to Morris Jones, from both Proto-Celtic *-iyes (the same ending as Pedersen’s *-eyes) and *-iyoi (the nominative plural of masculine yo-stems) when the stress fell on the antepenult.\nAccording to Schrijver, from a Proto-Celtic *-es-ī that arose when certain neuter s-stems became masculine.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-oedd",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Welsh lemmas",
        "Welsh suffixes",
        "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "llyfrgell (“library”) + -oedd → llyfrgelloedd (“libraries”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cwm (“valley”) + -oedd → cymoedd (“valleys”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cant (“hundred”) + -oedd → cannoedd (“hundreds”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pluralisation suffix"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-aid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-aint"
        },
        {
          "word": "-au"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ed"
        },
        {
          "word": "-edd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-en"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iadau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iaid"
        },
        {
          "word": "-iau"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ion"
        },
        {
          "word": "-od"
        },
        {
          "word": "-on"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "-yr"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ys"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kenneth H. Jackson"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔɨ̯ð/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔi̯ð/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales",
        "colloquial",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔð/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-oedd"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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"-oedd" meaning in All languages combined

Suffix [Welsh]