"stonen" meaning in All languages combined

See stonen on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

Forms: more stonen [comparative], most stonen [superlative]
Etymology: From Middle English stonen, alteration (due to stone) of earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”), from Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”), equivalent to stone + -en. Cognate with Dutch stenen (“stonen”), German Low German stenen (“stonen”), German steinen (“stonen”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|stonen}} Middle English stonen, {{inh|en|ang|stǣnen||stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone}} Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*stainīnaz||made of stone}} Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”), {{suffix|en|stone|en|id2=made of}} stone + -en, {{cog|nl|stenen|t=stonen}} Dutch stenen (“stonen”), {{cog|nds-de|stenen|t=stonen}} German Low German stenen (“stonen”), {{cog|de|steinen|t=stonen}} German steinen (“stonen”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} stonen (comparative more stonen, superlative most stonen)
  1. (archaic) Consisting or made of stone. Tags: archaic Translations (Made of stone): stenen (Dutch), steinen (German), steinern (German), kiviin (Ingrian), 石製 (sekisei) (alt: せきせい) (Japanese), stengen (Luxembourgish), kamienny (Polish)

Adjective [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈstɔːnən/
Etymology: From earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston + -en (“made of”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|made of stone}}, {{inh|enm|ang|stǣnen}} Old English stǣnen, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*stainīn}} Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*stainīnaz}} Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz, {{af|enm|ston|-en|id2=made of|t2=made of}} ston + -en (“made of”) Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} stonen
  1. Composed or built of stone. Synonyms: stenen, stanene, stonene, stonon, stonun, stonyn Related terms: rochen
    Sense id: en-stonen-enm-adj-9HIAQnfz Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 35 12 3 43 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 39 11 2 45 2 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: stoonen
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈstɔːnən/
Etymology: From ston + -en (plural suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|ston|-en|id2=noun plural|pos2=plural suffix}} ston + -en (plural suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun form}} stonen
  1. plural of stone Tags: form-of, plural Form of: stone
    Sense id: en-stonen-enm-noun-enm:stones
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈstɔːnən/
Etymology: From stone + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|to stone}}, {{af|enm|stone|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} stone + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} stonen Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|ston}} Forms: weak [table-tags], stonen [infinitive], to stonen [infinitive], stone [infinitive], stone [first-person, present, singular], stoned [first-person, past, singular], stonest [present, second-person, singular], stonedest [past, second-person, singular], stoneth [present, singular, third-person], stoned [past, singular, third-person], stone [present, singular, subjunctive], stoned [past, singular, subjunctive], stone [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], stonen [plural, present], stone [plural, present], stoneden [past, plural], stonede [past, plural], stoneth [imperative, plural, present], stone [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], stonynge [participle, present], stonende [participle, present], stoned [participle, past], ystoned [participle, past]
  1. (transitive, intransitive) To throw stones. Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-stonen-enm-verb-H2X~6tPM Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural), Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 35 12 3 43 4 4 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural): 25 10 24 31 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 39 11 2 45 2 1 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 75 10 15
  2. (transitive) To stone, execute using stones. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-stonen-enm-verb-5lUX3Ctb
  3. (intransitive) To remove or eliminate stones or rocks. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-stonen-enm-verb-13L3-J32
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: stoonen, stain, stane, stone
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stonen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stǣnen",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainīnaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "made of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "en",
        "id2": "made of"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -en",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stenen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stenen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "stenen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German stenen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "steinen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "German steinen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stonen, alteration (due to stone) of earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”), from Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”), equivalent to stone + -en. Cognate with Dutch stenen (“stonen”), German Low German stenen (“stonen”), German steinen (“stonen”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more stonen",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most stonen",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "stonen (comparative more stonen, superlative most stonen)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 12 3 43 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 14 2 34 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 11 2 45 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1869, William Barnes, Poems of rural life in common English:",
          "text": "[…] And up these well-worn blocks of stone\n I came when I first ran alone,\n The stonen stairs beclimb'd the mound,\n Ere father put a foot to ground, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Consisting or made of stone."
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-en-adj-ZgFA6X5E",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Consisting or made of stone."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "stenen"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "steinen"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "steinern"
        },
        {
          "code": "izh",
          "lang": "Ingrian",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "kiviin"
        },
        {
          "alt": "せきせい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sekisei",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "石製"
        },
        {
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "stengen"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "Made of stone",
          "word": "kamienny"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "stonen"
          },
          "expansion": "English: stonen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: stonen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "made of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stǣnen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stǣnen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stainīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stainīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainīnaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ston",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "made of",
        "t2": "made of"
      },
      "expansion": "ston + -en (“made of”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston + -en (“made of”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 12 3 43 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 11 2 45 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Composed or built of stone."
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-enm-adj-9HIAQnfz",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "rochen"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stenen"
        },
        {
          "word": "stanene"
        },
        {
          "word": "stonene"
        },
        {
          "word": "stonon"
        },
        {
          "word": "stonun"
        },
        {
          "word": "stonyn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stoonen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "stone"
          },
          "expansion": "English: stone",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: stone"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "stane",
            "3": "steen"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: stane, steen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: stane, steen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to stone"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From stone + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ystoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ston"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 12 3 43 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 10 24 31 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 11 2 45 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 10 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw stones."
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-enm-verb-H2X~6tPM",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "stones",
          "stones"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To throw stones."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To stone, execute using stones."
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-enm-verb-5lUX3Ctb",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "execute",
          "execute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To stone, execute using stones."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To remove or eliminate stones or rocks."
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-enm-verb-13L3-J32",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To remove or eliminate stones or rocks."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stoonen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "stain"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "stane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "stone"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ston",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "noun plural",
        "pos2": "plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ston + -en (plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ston + -en (plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "stone"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of stone"
      ],
      "id": "en-stonen-enm-noun-enm:stones",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:stones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stonen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stǣnen",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainīnaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "made of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "en",
        "id2": "made of"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -en",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stenen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stenen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "stenen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German stenen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "steinen",
        "t": "stonen"
      },
      "expansion": "German steinen (“stonen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stonen, alteration (due to stone) of earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”), from Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”), equivalent to stone + -en. Cognate with Dutch stenen (“stonen”), German Low German stenen (“stonen”), German steinen (“stonen”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more stonen",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most stonen",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "stonen (comparative more stonen, superlative most stonen)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 2-syllable words",
        "English adjectives",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Old English",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "English terms inherited from Old English",
        "English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Ingrian translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1869, William Barnes, Poems of rural life in common English:",
          "text": "[…] And up these well-worn blocks of stone\n I came when I first ran alone,\n The stonen stairs beclimb'd the mound,\n Ere father put a foot to ground, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Consisting or made of stone."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Consisting or made of stone."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "stenen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "steinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "steinern"
    },
    {
      "code": "izh",
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "kiviin"
    },
    {
      "alt": "せきせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sekisei",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "石製"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "stengen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "Made of stone",
      "word": "kamienny"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "stonen"
          },
          "expansion": "English: stonen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: stonen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "made of stone"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stǣnen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stǣnen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stainīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stainīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainīnaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ston",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "made of",
        "t2": "made of"
      },
      "expansion": "ston + -en (“made of”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston + -en (“made of”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rochen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Composed or built of stone."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stenen"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "stanene"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonene"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonon"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonun"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonyn"
    },
    {
      "word": "stoonen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "stone"
          },
          "expansion": "English: stone",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: stone"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "stane",
            "3": "steen"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: stane, steen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: stane, steen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to stone"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From stone + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stonende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ystoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ston"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw stones."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "stones",
          "stones"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To throw stones."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To stone, execute using stones."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "execute",
          "execute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To stone, execute using stones."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To remove or eliminate stones or rocks."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To remove or eliminate stones or rocks."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "stain"
    },
    {
      "word": "stane"
    },
    {
      "word": "stone"
    },
    {
      "word": "stoonen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ston",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "noun plural",
        "pos2": "plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ston + -en (plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ston + -en (plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "stonen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "stone"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of stone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:stones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstɔːnən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stonen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stonen meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.