"-ung" meaning in All languages combined

See -ung on Wiktionary

Suffix [German]

IPA: /ʊŋ/ Audio: LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ung.wav
Etymology: From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing. Etymology templates: {{inh|de|gmh|-ung}} Middle High German -ung, {{m|gmh|-unge}} -unge, {{inh|de|goh|-unga}} Old High German -unga, {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*-ungu}} Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, {{inh|de|gem-pro|*-ungō}} Proto-Germanic *-ungō, {{cog|en|-ing}} English -ing Head templates: {{de-noun|f}} -ung f (genitive -ung, plural -ungen) Inflection templates: {{de-ndecl|f}} Forms: -ung [genitive], -ungen [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], -ung [nominative, singular], -ungen [definite, nominative, plural], -ung [genitive, singular], -ungen [definite, genitive, plural], -ung [dative, singular], -ungen [dative, definite, plural], -ung [accusative, singular], -ungen [accusative, definite, plural]
  1. -ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action. Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ung-de-suffix-L2wNYIQ- Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Luxembourgish]

IPA: /uŋ/
Etymology: From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung, English -ing. Etymology templates: {{inh|lb|goh|-unga}} Old High German -unga, {{inh|lb|gem-pro|*-ungō}} Proto-Germanic *-ungō, {{cog|de|-ung}} German -ung, {{cog|en|-ing}} English -ing Head templates: {{head|lb|suffix}} -ung
  1. used to form nouns from verbs Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -ong [dated]
    Sense id: en--ung-lb-suffix-mfzkvh-r Categories (other): Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Middle English]

Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix}} -ung
  1. Alternative form of -ing Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -ing
    Sense id: en--ung-enm-suffix-C1I6bQU8 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Norwegian Nynorsk]

Forms: -ungen [definite, singular], -ungar [indefinite, plural], -ungane [definite, plural]
Etymology: From Old Norse -ungr. Etymology templates: {{inh|nn|non|-ungr}} Old Norse -ungr Head templates: {{head|nn|suffix|definite singular|-ungen|indefinite plural|-ungar|definite plural|-ungane|g=m}} -ung m (definite singular -ungen, indefinite plural -ungar, definite plural -ungane)
  1. forming demonyms of place names Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ung-nn-suffix-N3ydf17b
  2. forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’. Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ung-nn-suffix-N43oV0Gj

Suffix [Old English]

IPA: /unɡ/, [uŋɡ]
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with Old Saxon -unga (Low German -inge, -ing), Old Dutch -inga, -unga (Dutch -ing), Old High German -unga (German -ung), Old Norse -ung, -ing (Swedish -ing). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-ungu}} Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-ungō}} Proto-Germanic *-ungō, {{cog|osx|-unga}} Old Saxon -unga, {{cog|nds|-inge}} Low German -inge, {{m|nds|-ing}} -ing, {{cog|odt|-inga}} Old Dutch -inga, {{m|odt|-unga}} -unga, {{cog|nl|-ing}} Dutch -ing, {{cog|goh|-unga}} Old High German -unga, {{cog|de|-ung}} German -ung, {{cog|non|-ung}} Old Norse -ung, {{m|non|-ing}} -ing, {{cog|sv|-ing}} Swedish -ing Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|g=f|head=-ung}} -ung f Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|-ung}}, {{ang-decl-noun|-ung|-unga,-unge|-unge|-unga,-unge|-unge|-unga|-unge|-ungum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: strong [table-tags], -ung [nominative, singular], -unga [nominative, plural], -unge [nominative, plural], -unge [accusative, singular], -unga [accusative, plural], -unge [accusative, plural], -unge [genitive, singular], -unga [genitive, plural], -unge [dative, singular], -ungum [dative, plural]
  1. forming nouns from verbs, denoting verbal action or an instance of it; or denoting a substance involved in the verbal action Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ung-ang-suffix-SpDca7N7 Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for -ung meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -ung",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "-unge"
      },
      "expansion": "-unge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung f (genitive -ung, plural -ungen)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action."
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-de-suffix-L2wNYIQ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English:_noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʊŋ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ung.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "German -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung, English -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
  "lang_code": "lb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form nouns from verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-lb-suffix-mfzkvh-r",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "dated"
          ],
          "word": "-ong"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ing"
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-enm-suffix-C1I6bQU8",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "-ungr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ungr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ungr.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungar",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungane",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "definite singular",
        "4": "-ungen",
        "5": "indefinite plural",
        "6": "-ungar",
        "7": "definite plural",
        "8": "-ungane",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung m (definite singular -ungen, indefinite plural -ungar, definite plural -ungane)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forming demonyms of place names"
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-nn-suffix-N3ydf17b",
      "links": [
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Surla + -ung → Sturlungane (plural)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-nn-suffix-N43oV0Gj",
      "links": [
        [
          "derivative",
          "derivative#English"
        ],
        [
          "sense",
          "sense#English"
        ],
        [
          "belong",
          "belong#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-ung",
            "3": "-unge",
            "4": "-unge",
            "5": "-inge",
            "6": "-ing"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -ung, -unge, -unge, -inge, -ing",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -ung, -unge, -unge, -inge, -ing"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ing"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ing",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -unga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "-inge"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German -inge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-inga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "-unga",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "German -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.\nCognate with Old Saxon -unga (Low German -inge, -ing), Old Dutch -inga, -unga (Dutch -ing), Old High German -unga (German -ung), Old Norse -ung, -ing (Swedish -ing).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f",
        "head": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ung"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ung",
        "2": "-unga,-unge",
        "3": "-unge",
        "4": "-unga,-unge",
        "5": "-unge",
        "6": "-unga",
        "7": "-unge",
        "8": "-ungum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming nouns from verbs, denoting verbal action or an instance of it; or denoting a substance involved in the verbal action"
      ],
      "id": "en--ung-ang-suffix-SpDca7N7",
      "links": [
        [
          "nouns",
          "nouns"
        ],
        [
          "verbs",
          "verbs"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/unɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[uŋɡ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -ung",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "-unge"
      },
      "expansion": "-unge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung f (genitive -ung, plural -ungen)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German 1-syllable words",
        "German entries with incorrect language header",
        "German feminine suffixes",
        "German lemmas",
        "German noun-forming suffixes",
        "German suffixes",
        "German terms derived from Middle High German",
        "German terms derived from Old High German",
        "German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "German terms inherited from Middle High German",
        "German terms inherited from Old High German",
        "German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "German terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "German terms with audio links"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English:_noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʊŋ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ung.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ung.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "German -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung, English -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
  "lang_code": "lb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Luxembourgish 1-syllable words",
        "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Luxembourgish lemmas",
        "Luxembourgish suffixes",
        "Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German",
        "Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German",
        "Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form nouns from verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "-ong"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "-ungr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ungr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ungr.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ungen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungar",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungane",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "definite singular",
        "4": "-ungen",
        "5": "indefinite plural",
        "6": "-ungar",
        "7": "definite plural",
        "8": "-ungane",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung m (definite singular -ungen, indefinite plural -ungar, definite plural -ungane)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forming demonyms of place names"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Surla + -ung → Sturlungane (plural)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derivative",
          "derivative#English"
        ],
        [
          "sense",
          "sense#English"
        ],
        [
          "belong",
          "belong#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-ung",
            "3": "-unge",
            "4": "-unge",
            "5": "-inge",
            "6": "-ing"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -ung, -unge, -unge, -inge, -ing",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -ung, -unge, -unge, -inge, -ing"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ing"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ing",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ungō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -unga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "-inge"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German -inge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-inga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "-unga",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-unga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -unga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "German -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ung",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -ing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.\nCognate with Old Saxon -unga (Low German -inge, -ing), Old Dutch -inga, -unga (Dutch -ing), Old High German -unga (German -ung), Old Norse -ung, -ing (Swedish -ing).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ungum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f",
        "head": "-ung"
      },
      "expansion": "-ung f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ung"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ung",
        "2": "-unga,-unge",
        "3": "-unge",
        "4": "-unga,-unge",
        "5": "-unge",
        "6": "-unga",
        "7": "-unge",
        "8": "-ungum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English feminine suffixes",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
        "Old English ō-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forming nouns from verbs, denoting verbal action or an instance of it; or denoting a substance involved in the verbal action"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nouns",
          "nouns"
        ],
        [
          "verbs",
          "verbs"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/unɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[uŋɡ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ung"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.