See -ing on Wiktionary
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"t": "-ing"
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"expansion": "Icelandic -ing (“-ing”)",
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ung, -unk (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).",
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "batting"
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{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "bunting"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "carpeting"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "lining"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "packing"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "piping"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "roofing"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "siding"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "ticking"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "tubing"
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{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "wadding"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "wiring"
}
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{
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"As true nouns."
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"text": "Smoking is bad for your health.",
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{
"text": "She has a habit of sleeping late.",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "I like meeting people.",
"type": "example"
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"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As gerunds."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ent"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-int"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-minen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-nti"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Use zu + infinitive",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "Use το (to) να (na) + second person singular present verb form",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-no",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-の"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-koto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-こと"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ការ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "peng--an"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ـش"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-anie"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ând"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ind"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "การ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ความ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mekte"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 44 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-makta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 37 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 37 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 42 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 38 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 42 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roofing is material that is used to roof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Clothing is material with which one is clothed.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-liOXWL9~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-werk"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-systeem"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tura"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 67",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 39 21",
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 39 21",
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(with no suffix, verbs can be used as nouns)",
"sense": "act of doing something"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "nominalization of the infinitive",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-zione (-azione f, -uzione f)"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "-aggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-t"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ánije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-а́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-énije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvka",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-о́вка"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-lja",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ля"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -inge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -and",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -andi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ans",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्त्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nCognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, German -end, Swedish -and, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 27 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belizean Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rolling stones gather no moss.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You are making a mess.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”\nIf you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present participles of verbs."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-en:present_participle",
"links": [
[
"present participle",
"present participle"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:present participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bzj",
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "緊"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gan²",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "紧"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zyu⁶",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "住"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "著"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhe",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "着"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzài",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "正在"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-v"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation persent participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation present participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"alt": "(-te iru)",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "ている"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpuŋ",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "កំពុង"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-bar"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ens"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anno"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-enno"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ajuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ающий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jaščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ящий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-uščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ущий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-juščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-aščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ащий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ejuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-еющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ujuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jájuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-я́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "verbs ending in -ar",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iendo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "-yendo (verbs ending in -er and -ir)",
"sense": "to form present participles"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in other letter than -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gamlang-",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "กำลัง-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-uyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ıyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-üyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "atheling"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "gelding"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "-ed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Browning, Channing, Ewing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "skill + -ing → shilling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fourth + -ing → farthing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-e8ZeUibF",
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"son",
"son#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
],
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sweet + -ing → sweeting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "white + -ing → whiting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "geld + -ing → gelding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of"
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-OFjrfTAx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-inger",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "-ingernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "-ingers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "-ingens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "-ings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "-ingerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "-inger",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "-ingen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "-ing"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action"
],
"id": "en--ing-da-suffix-Cw6aX2Mo",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities"
],
"id": "en--ing-da-suffix-F~ExJBf8",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[eŋ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "odt",
"3": "-inga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
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"5": "diminutive",
"6": "-inkje",
"7": "or",
"8": "-ingetje",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f (plural -ingen, diminutive -inkje or -ingetje)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof."
],
"id": "en--ing-nl-suffix-ImQG0kTT",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"performance",
"performance#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inc, from Old Dutch -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"id": "en--ing-nl-suffix-LjJz1R72",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inck"
},
{
"word": "-ink"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzgebirgisch",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"id": "en--ing-gmw-ecg-suffix-wsT6VVrw",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) -ing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-üng"
}
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (plural -ings)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-fr-suffix-S0jTeZ9n",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fuy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Fuyug",
"lang_code": "fuy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Fuyug entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amul (“woman”) : amuling (“women”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
],
"id": "en--ing-fuy-noun-tTYB11B5"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing. Doublet of native -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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"3": "genitive",
"4": "-ings",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-ings",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ing n (genitive -ings, plural -ings)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"id": "en--ing-de-suffix-wsT6VVrw",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in English borrowings) -ing"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in English borrowings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 2 6 6 3 7 4 1 0 9 5 7 3 1 6 4 6 4 3 2 6 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 7 2 6 6 3 7 3 0 0 9 5 7 3 0 7 4 7 4 3 2 7 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "extreme saving: saving money as a sport",
"text": "Extremsparing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cloud dish washing: dish washing following the cloud principle",
"text": "Cloud-Abwasching",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]",
"text": "Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.\nTypes of anglicisms: from der heilago geist [Old High German for “the Holy Spirit”] to extreme saving – illustrated by means of selected lexicographic categorisations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In cloud dish washing, the dirty crockery is simply swapped out, so it doesn’t take up any memory in the kitchen sink and everybody who has a wash-up licence can access it.",
"ref": "2012, Hans Zippert, “Wir verlagern das ganze Leben in die Internetwolke”, in Website of Die Welt:",
"text": "Beim Cloud-Abwasching wird das schmutzige Geschirr einfach ausgelagert, damit es keinen Speicherplatz in der Spüle wegnimmt und jeder darauf zugreifen kann, der die Lizenz zum Abwasch hat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"id": "en--ing-de-suffix-8~fWkqCh",
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive, colloquial, humorous) Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Low German -inc, from Old Saxon -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Low German",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bläuming"
},
{
"english": "little brother",
"word": "Bräuding = Brüderchen"
},
{
"english": "young girl",
"word": "Dirning = Dirnken < Dirn"
},
{
"english": "little daughter",
"word": "Döchting = Töchterchen"
},
{
"word": "fixing"
},
{
"word": "Körling"
},
{
"word": "Nahwersching"
},
{
"word": "nipping"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"id": "en--ing-nds-de-suffix-mqhYS7pk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Used to form diminutives."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"East-Frisian"
],
"word": "-je"
},
{
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"word": "-ke"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kering (“to circulate, orbit”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"id": "en--ing-hu-suffix-Q--WVmTq",
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeic",
"onomatopoeic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing; Indicates an action performed by a verb."
],
"id": "en--ing-is-suffix-3m8DYld9",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "-een",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: -een, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: -een, -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-rQf5jkKj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 42 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-~qGBnPj0",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive_suffix",
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-bjUqHQvk",
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "austlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "estlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "finlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "flamlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "færøying"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "grønlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "helgelending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "hjaltlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "hollending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "hordalending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "innlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "irlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "islending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "leiglending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Bokmål"
],
"word": "leilending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "lettlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nederlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "newzealending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nordlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nyzealending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "shetlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "swazilending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "sørlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "thailending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "utlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "vestlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "viking"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "østlending"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was tired of nagging.",
"text": "Han var lei av masing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"id": "en--ing-nb-suffix-jYBCaaOg",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyene + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"id": "en--ing-nb-suffix-akLhSRD4",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing f.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"id": "en--ing-nn-suffix-jYBCaaOg",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyane + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"id": "en--ing-nn-suffix-akLhSRD4",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe finals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe noun finals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ingoding"
},
{
"word": "ningoding"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix denoting the locative form of a noun"
],
"id": "en--ing-oj-suffix-3VlI6-Rv",
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ang"
},
{
"word": "-aang"
},
{
"word": "-iing"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-ong"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Variant of -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-inga,-inge",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "-inga,-inge",
"5": "-inge",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material."
],
"id": "en--ing-ang-suffix-Ckl-4Elb",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-ingas",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "-ingas",
"5": "-inges",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
],
"id": "en--ing-ang-suffix-FVYuXCKB",
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"dsv": "-ingu",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-o"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingunum",
"dpi": "-ingum",
"dsd": "-ingunni",
"dsi": "-ingu",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words",
"npd": "-ingarnar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingu",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-non-suffix-L5DP85IX",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingi"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingr"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From aing (“I, me”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osn",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Sundanese",
"lang_code": "osn",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Sundanese pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"Sri Ajnyana said: 'My little sister, please come here. Do not weep, standing there!\"",
"ref": "14th century, Pendakian Sri Ajnyana (Kropak 625) [The Ascension of Sri Ajnyana], line 10:",
"text": "\"...Saurna sang Sri Ajnyana: `Adiing, ambet ka dini. Mulah ceurik nangtung dinya!...\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "anaking – my child"
},
{
"text": "ambuing – my mother"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(“I, me”); my",
"word": "aing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clitic possessive of aing (“I, me”); my"
],
"id": "en--ing-osn-pron-NeqyUuSi",
"links": [
[
"aing",
"aing#Old_Sundanese"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"form-of",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"dpi": "-ingum,-ingom",
"dsd": "-inginni,-inginne",
"dsi": "-ing,-ingo",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing,-ingo",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inginni,-inginne",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum,-ingom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-gmq-osw-suffix-L5DP85IX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottawa",
"lang_code": "otw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottawa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locative"
],
"id": "en--ing-otw-suffix-TtLAbVzF",
"tags": [
"locative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-ing m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grzyb + -ing → grzybing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial or humorous nouns."
],
"id": "en--ing-pl-suffix-JN-qhyQb",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋk"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ing",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in (“ing”)"
],
"id": "en--ing-sco-suffix-YBYINeoS",
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-es-suffix-TTqoAGcf",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation."
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:verbal_noun",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"senseid": [
"sv:verbal noun"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-inger"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -inger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ingur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing#Etymology 3",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derivative suffix"
},
"expansion": "(derivative suffix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -inger, from Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Cognate with Icelandic -ingur, English -ing (derivative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skåne (“Scania”) + -ing → skåning (“Scanian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Island (“Iceland”) + -ing → islänning (“Icelander”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:demonym",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#Suffix"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"senseid": [
"sv:demonym"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 19 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "get (“goat”) + -ing → geting (“wasp”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "släkt (“(extended) family”) + -ing → släkting (“relative”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galen (“crazy”) + -ing → galning (“crazy person, lunatic, madman”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:diminutive",
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) diminutive suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"diminutive",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ín",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chiquitín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chiquitín",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜒᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ing"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix."
],
"id": "en--ing-tl-suffix-a4ZlhhsF",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ay"
},
{
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-oy"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for roots ending in vowels",
"word": "-ng"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiŋ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiŋ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋ"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant"
]
},
{
"form": "-ng",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek nominal affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This is your book.",
"text": "Bu kitobing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a consonant"
],
"id": "en--ing-uz-suffix-4rsuicH8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-inger",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "-ingernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "-ingers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "-ingens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "-ings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "-ingerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "-inger",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "-ingen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "-ing"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[eŋ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-inga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "diminutive",
"6": "-inkje",
"7": "or",
"8": "-ingetje",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f (plural -ingen, diminutive -inkje or -ingetje)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"performance",
"performance#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inc, from Old Dutch -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inck"
},
{
"word": "-ink"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-ecg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"East Central German entries with incorrect language header",
"East Central German lemmas",
"East Central German suffixes",
"Erzgebirgisch",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Erzgebirgisch) -ing"
],
"tags": [
"Erzgebirgisch",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-üng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Middle Low German translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "batting"
},
{
"word": "bunting"
},
{
"word": "carpeting"
},
{
"word": "lining"
},
{
"word": "packing"
},
{
"word": "piping"
},
{
"word": "roofing"
},
{
"word": "siding"
},
{
"word": "ticking"
},
{
"word": "tubing"
},
{
"word": "wadding"
},
{
"word": "wiring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-enge",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ung",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German -ung (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ung, -unk (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "work"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My hearing is not good.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I have had several meetings with him.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As true nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smoking is bad for your health.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She has a habit of sleeping late.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I like meeting people.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As gerunds."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"gerund",
"gerund"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roofing is material that is used to roof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Clothing is material with which one is clothed.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ent"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-int"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-minen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-nti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Use zu + infinitive",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "Use το (to) να (na) + second person singular present verb form",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-no",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-koto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-こと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ការ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "peng--an"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ـش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-anie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ând"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ind"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "การ-"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ความ-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mekte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-makta"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(with no suffix, verbs can be used as nouns)",
"sense": "act of doing something"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "nominalization of the infinitive",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-age"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-zione (-azione f, -uzione f)"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "-aggio"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ánije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-а́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-énije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvka",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-о́вка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-lja",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ля"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-werk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-systeem"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tura"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Belizean Creole translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -inge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -and",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -andi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ans",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्त्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nCognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, German -end, Swedish -and, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rolling stones gather no moss.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You are making a mess.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”\nIf you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present participles of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"present participle",
"present participle"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:present participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bzj",
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "緊"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gan²",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "紧"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zyu⁶",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "住"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "著"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhe",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "着"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzài",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "正在"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-v"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation persent participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation present participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"alt": "(-te iru)",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "ている"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpuŋ",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "កំពុង"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-bar"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ens"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anno"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-enno"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ajuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ающий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jaščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ящий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-uščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ущий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-juščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-aščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ащий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ejuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-еющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ujuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jájuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-я́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "verbs ending in -ar",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iendo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "-yendo (verbs ending in -er and -ir)",
"sense": "to form present participles"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in other letter than -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gamlang-",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "กำลัง-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-uyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ıyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-üyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yan"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "atheling"
},
{
"word": "gelding"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Browning, Channing, Ewing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "skill + -ing → shilling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fourth + -ing → farthing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"son",
"son#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
],
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sweet + -ing → sweeting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "white + -ing → whiting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "geld + -ing → gelding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"note": "southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Kent",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "ink"
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (plural -ings)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fuy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Fuyug",
"lang_code": "fuy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Fuyug entries with incorrect language header",
"Fuyug lemmas",
"Fuyug suffixes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amul (“woman”) : amuling (“women”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from English",
"German terms derived from English",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing. Doublet of native -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-ings",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-ings",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ing n (genitive -ings, plural -ings)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in English borrowings) -ing"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in English borrowings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms",
"German humorous terms",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "extreme saving: saving money as a sport",
"text": "Extremsparing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cloud dish washing: dish washing following the cloud principle",
"text": "Cloud-Abwasching",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]",
"text": "Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.\nTypes of anglicisms: from der heilago geist [Old High German for “the Holy Spirit”] to extreme saving – illustrated by means of selected lexicographic categorisations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In cloud dish washing, the dirty crockery is simply swapped out, so it doesn’t take up any memory in the kitchen sink and everybody who has a wash-up licence can access it.",
"ref": "2012, Hans Zippert, “Wir verlagern das ganze Leben in die Internetwolke”, in Website of Die Welt:",
"text": "Beim Cloud-Abwasching wird das schmutzige Geschirr einfach ausgelagert, damit es keinen Speicherplatz in der Spüle wegnimmt und jeder darauf zugreifen kann, der die Lizenz zum Abwasch hat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive, colloquial, humorous) Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bläuming"
},
{
"english": "little brother",
"word": "Bräuding = Brüderchen"
},
{
"english": "young girl",
"word": "Dirning = Dirnken < Dirn"
},
{
"english": "little daughter",
"word": "Döchting = Töchterchen"
},
{
"word": "fixing"
},
{
"word": "Körling"
},
{
"word": "Nahwersching"
},
{
"word": "nipping"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Low German -inc, from Old Saxon -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"East-Frisian"
],
"word": "-je"
},
{
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"word": "-ke"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"German Low German lemmas",
"German Low German suffixes",
"German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional Low German"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Used to form diminutives."
],
"tags": [
"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kering (“to circulate, orbit”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeic",
"onomatopoeic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine suffixes",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ing; Indicates an action performed by a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "-een",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: -een, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: -een, -en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "austlending"
},
{
"word": "estlending"
},
{
"word": "finlending"
},
{
"word": "flamlending"
},
{
"word": "færøying"
},
{
"word": "grønlending"
},
{
"word": "helgelending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "hjaltlending"
},
{
"word": "hollending"
},
{
"word": "hordalending"
},
{
"word": "innlending"
},
{
"word": "irlending"
},
{
"word": "islending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "leiglending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bokmål"
],
"word": "leilending"
},
{
"word": "lettlending"
},
{
"word": "nederlending"
},
{
"word": "newzealending"
},
{
"word": "nordlending"
},
{
"word": "nyzealending"
},
{
"word": "shetlending"
},
{
"word": "swazilending"
},
{
"word": "sørlending"
},
{
"word": "thailending"
},
{
"word": "utlending"
},
{
"word": "vestlending"
},
{
"word": "viking"
},
{
"word": "østlending"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was tired of nagging.",
"text": "Han var lei av masing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyene + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing f.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyane + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ingoding"
},
{
"word": "ningoding"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ang"
},
{
"word": "-aang"
},
{
"word": "-iing"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-ong"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"Ojibwe finals",
"Ojibwe lemmas",
"Ojibwe noun finals",
"Ojibwe noun suffixes",
"Ojibwe suffixes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix denoting the locative form of a noun"
],
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Variant of -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-inga,-inge",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "-inga,-inge",
"5": "-inge",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-ingas",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "-ingas",
"5": "-inges",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
],
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"dsv": "-ingu",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-o"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingunum",
"dpi": "-ingum",
"dsd": "-ingunni",
"dsi": "-ingu",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words",
"npd": "-ingarnar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingu",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingi"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse suffixes",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From aing (“I, me”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osn",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Sundanese",
"lang_code": "osn",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Sundanese lemmas",
"Old Sundanese pronouns",
"Old Sundanese terms with quotations",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"Sri Ajnyana said: 'My little sister, please come here. Do not weep, standing there!\"",
"ref": "14th century, Pendakian Sri Ajnyana (Kropak 625) [The Ascension of Sri Ajnyana], line 10:",
"text": "\"...Saurna sang Sri Ajnyana: `Adiing, ambet ka dini. Mulah ceurik nangtung dinya!...\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "anaking – my child"
},
{
"text": "ambuing – my mother"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(“I, me”); my",
"word": "aing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clitic possessive of aing (“I, me”); my"
],
"links": [
[
"aing",
"aing#Old_Sundanese"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"form-of",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"dpi": "-ingum,-ingom",
"dsd": "-inginni,-inginne",
"dsi": "-ing,-ingo",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing,-ingo",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inginni,-inginne",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum,-ingom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Swedish lemmas",
"Old Swedish suffixes",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottawa",
"lang_code": "otw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ottawa entries with incorrect language header",
"Ottawa lemmas",
"Ottawa suffixes",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"locative"
],
"tags": [
"locative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-ing m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/iŋk",
"Rhymes:Polish/iŋk/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grzyb + -ing → grzybing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial or humorous nouns."
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋk"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ing",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in (“ing”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine suffixes",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish unadapted borrowings from English"
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish feminine suffixes",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish masculine suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:verbal noun"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish masculine suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-inger"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -inger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ingur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing#Etymology 3",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derivative suffix"
},
"expansion": "(derivative suffix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -inger, from Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Cognate with Icelandic -ingur, English -ing (derivative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skåne (“Scania”) + -ing → skåning (“Scanian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Island (“Iceland”) + -ing → islänning (“Icelander”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#Suffix"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"senseid": [
"sv:demonym"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "get (“goat”) + -ing → geting (“wasp”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "släkt (“(extended) family”) + -ing → släkting (“relative”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galen (“crazy”) + -ing → galning (“crazy person, lunatic, madman”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) diminutive suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"diminutive",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ín",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chiquitín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chiquitín",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜒᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ing"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ay"
},
{
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-oy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/iŋ",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/iŋ/1 syllable",
"Tagalog 1-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Tagalog suffixes",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiŋ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiŋ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for roots ending in vowels",
"word": "-ng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant"
]
},
{
"form": "-ng",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Uzbek entries",
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek nominal affixes",
"Uzbek suffixes",
"Uzbek terms with redundant script codes",
"Uzbek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This is your book.",
"text": "Bu kitobing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a consonant"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ing meaning in All languages combined (86.0kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1077",
"msg": "suspicious suffix 'm or f or m' in language Norwegian Bokmål: -ing m or f or m",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1077",
"msg": "suspicious suffix 'm or f or m' in language Norwegian Bokmål: -ing m or f or m",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Swedish]; cleaned text: masculine",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Swedish]; cleaned text: masculine, style: background:#DCDCDC////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for masculine",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Spanish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ing"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: transguide {}",
"path": [
"-ing",
"Template:transguide",
"TEMPLATE_FN"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.