See -ing on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ing meaning in All languages combined (77.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung",
"pos": "suffix forming nouns from verbs",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "*-ungu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-enge",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ink",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ink (“-ing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German -ung (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ing, -ink (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "batting"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "bunting"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "carpeting"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "lining"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "packing"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "piping"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "roofing"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "siding"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "ticking"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "tubing"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "wadding"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 28 24",
"word": "wiring"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My hearing is not good.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I have had several meetings with him.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As true nouns."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-en:noun",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "44 35 20",
"sense": "collection",
"word": "work"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smoking is bad for your health.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She has a habit of sleeping late.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I like meeting people.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As gerunds."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-en:noun1",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"gerund",
"gerund"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ent"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-int"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-minen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-nti"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Use zu + infinitive",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "Use το (to) να (na) + second person singular present verb form",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-no",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-の"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-koto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-こと"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ការ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "peng--an"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ând"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ind"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "การ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ความ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mekte"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 45 24",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-makta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roofing is material that is used to roof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Clothing is material with which one is clothed.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-liOXWL9~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-werk"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-systeem"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tura"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 15 70",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 22",
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 22",
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(with no suffix, verbs can be used as nouns)",
"sense": "act of doing something"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"word": "nominalization of the infinitive"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-age"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-zione (-azione f, -uzione f)"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "-aggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-t"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ánije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-а́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-énije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvka",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-о́вка"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-lja",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ля"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -inge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ynge"
},
"expansion": "-ynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-inde"
},
"expansion": "-inde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "-ende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -and",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -andi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ans",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans",
"3": "-ant-"
},
"expansion": "-ant-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्त्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nCognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, German -end, Swedish -and, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rolling stones gather no moss.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You are making a mess.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”\nIf you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present participles of verbs."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-en:present_participle",
"links": [
[
"present participle",
"present participle"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:present participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bzj",
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "緊"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gan²",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "紧"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zyu⁶",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "住"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "著"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhe",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "着"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzài",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "正在"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-v"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation persent participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation present participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpuŋ",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "កំពុង"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ens"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anno"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-enno"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ajuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ающий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jaščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ящий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-uščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ущий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-juščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-aščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ащий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ejuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-еющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ujuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jájuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-я́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "verbs ending in -ar",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iendo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "-yendo (verbs ending in -er and -ir)",
"sense": "to form present participles"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in other letter than -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gamlang-",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "กำลัง-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-uyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ıyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-üyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "atheling"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "gelding"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"word": "-ed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 10 27 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Browning, Channing, Ewing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "skill + -ing → shilling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fourth + -ing → farthing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-e8ZeUibF",
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"son",
"son#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
],
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sweet + -ing → sweeting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "white + -ing → whiting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "geld + -ing → gelding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of"
],
"id": "en--ing-en-suffix-OFjrfTAx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 11 10 7 24 29",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-inger",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "-ingernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "-ingers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "-ingens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "-ings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "-ingerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "-inger",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "-ingen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "-ing"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action"
],
"id": "en--ing-da-suffix-Cw6aX2Mo",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"designate a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities"
],
"id": "en--ing-da-suffix-~Z0xS~Py",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[eŋ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-inga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-unga"
},
"expansion": "-unga",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-onga"
},
"expansion": "-onga",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "*-ungu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "diminutive",
"6": "-inkje",
"7": "or",
"8": "-ingetje",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f (plural -ingen, diminutive -inkje or -ingetje)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof."
],
"id": "en--ing-nl-suffix-ImQG0kTT",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"performance",
"performance#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inc, from Old Dutch -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"id": "en--ing-nl-suffix-LjJz1R72",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inck"
},
{
"word": "-ink"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (plural -ings)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-fr-suffix-S0jTeZ9n",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fuy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Fuyug",
"lang_code": "fuy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Fuyug entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amul (“woman”) : amuling (“women”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
],
"id": "en--ing-fuy-noun-tTYB11B5"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing. Doublet of native -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-ings",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-ings",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ing n (genitive -ings, plural -ings)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"id": "en--ing-de-suffix-wsT6VVrw",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in English borrowings) -ing"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in English borrowings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "extreme saving: saving money as a sport",
"text": "Extremsparing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cloud dish washing: dish washing following the cloud principle",
"text": "Cloud-Abwasching",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]",
"text": "Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.\nTypes of anglicisms: from der heilago geist [Old High German for “the Holy Spirit”] to extreme saving – illustrated by means of selected lexicographic categorisations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In cloud dish washing, the dirty crockery is simply swapped out, so it doesn’t take up any memory in the kitchen sink and everybody who has a wash-up licence can access it.",
"ref": "2012, Hans Zippert, “Wir verlagern das ganze Leben in die Internetwolke”, in Website of Die Welt",
"text": "Beim Cloud-Abwasching wird das schmutzige Geschirr einfach ausgelagert, damit es keinen Speicherplatz in der Spüle wegnimmt und jeder darauf zugreifen kann, der die Lizenz zum Abwasch hat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"id": "en--ing-de-suffix-8~fWkqCh",
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive, colloquial, humorous) Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kering (“to circulate, orbit”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"id": "en--ing-hu-suffix-Q--WVmTq",
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeic",
"onomatopoeic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing; Indicates an action performed by a verb."
],
"id": "en--ing-is-suffix-3m8DYld9",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -inc, from Old Saxon -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Low German",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bläuming"
},
{
"english": "little brother",
"word": "Bräuding = Brüderchen"
},
{
"english": "young girl",
"word": "Dirning = Dirnken < Dirn"
},
{
"english": "little daughter",
"word": "Döchting = Töchterchen"
},
{
"word": "fixing"
},
{
"word": "Körling"
},
{
"word": "Nahwersching"
},
{
"word": "nipping"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"id": "en--ing-nds-suffix-mqhYS7pk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Used to form diminutives."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"East-Frisian"
],
"word": "-je"
},
{
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"word": "-ke"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-rQf5jkKj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-~qGBnPj0",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive_suffix",
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-bjUqHQvk",
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingi",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ingi m",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "austlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "estlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "finlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "flamlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "færøying"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "grønlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "helgelending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "hjaltlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "hollending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "hordalending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "innlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "irlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "islending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Bokmål"
],
"word": "leilending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "leiglending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "lettlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nederlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "newzealending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nordlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "nyzealending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "shetlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "swazilending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "sørlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "thailending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "utlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "vestlending"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "viking"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "østlending"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was tired of nagging",
"text": "Han var lei av masing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"id": "en--ing-nb-suffix-jYBCaaOg",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyene + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"id": "en--ing-nb-suffix-akLhSRD4",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing f.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"id": "en--ing-nn-suffix-jYBCaaOg",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingi",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ingi m",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyane + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"id": "en--ing-nn-suffix-akLhSRD4",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe finals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe noun finals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ingoding"
},
{
"word": "ningoding"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix denoting the locative form of a noun"
],
"id": "en--ing-oj-suffix-3VlI6-Rv",
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ang"
},
{
"word": "-aang"
},
{
"word": "-iing"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-ong"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-inga,-inge",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "-inga,-inge",
"5": "-inge",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material."
],
"id": "en--ing-ang-suffix-Ckl-4Elb",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
],
"id": "en--ing-ang-suffix-FVYuXCKB",
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"dsv": "-ingu",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-o"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingunum",
"dpi": "-ingum",
"dsd": "-ingunni",
"dsi": "-ingu",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words",
"npd": "-ingarnar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingu",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-non-suffix-L5DP85IX",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingi"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingr"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"dpi": "-ingum,-ingom",
"dsd": "-inginni,-inginne",
"dsi": "-ing,-ingo",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing,-ingo",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inginni,-inginne",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum,-ingom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-gmq-osw-suffix-L5DP85IX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottawa",
"lang_code": "otw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottawa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locative"
],
"id": "en--ing-otw-suffix-TtLAbVzF",
"tags": [
"locative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ing",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in (“ing”)"
],
"id": "en--ing-sco-suffix-YBYINeoS",
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--ing-es-suffix-TTqoAGcf",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate to German -ung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation."
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:verbal_noun",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"senseid": [
"sv:verbal noun"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-inger"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -inger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ingur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing#Etymology 3",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derivative suffix"
},
"expansion": "(derivative suffix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -inger, from Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Cognate with Icelandic -ingur, English -ing (derivative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skåne (“Scania”) + -ing → skåning (“a Scanian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Island (“Iceland”) + -ing → islänning (“an Icelander”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:demonym",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#Suffix"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"senseid": [
"sv:demonym"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "get (“goat”) + -ing → geting (“a wasp”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "släkt (“(extended) family”) + -ing → släkting (“a relative”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galen (“crazy”) + -ing → galning (“a crazy person, lunatic, madman”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"id": "en--ing-sv-suffix-sv:diminutive",
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) diminutive suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"diminutive",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ín",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "tsikiting"
},
"expansion": "tsikiting",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chiquitín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chiquitín",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜒᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms without tl-pr template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix."
],
"id": "en--ing-tl-suffix-a4ZlhhsF",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ay"
},
{
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-oy"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for roots ending in vowels",
"word": "-ng"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiŋ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant"
]
},
{
"form": "-ng",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "-инг"
},
"expansion": "-ing (-инг)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek nominal affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This is your book.",
"text": "Bu kitobing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a consonant. It has the same meaning as sening (“your”) placed before a noun."
],
"id": "en--ing-uz-suffix-jDuTHMqZ",
"links": [
[
"sening",
"sening#Uzbek"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-inger",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "er"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "-ingernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "-ingers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "-ingens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "-ings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "-ingerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "-inger",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "-ingen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "-ing"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"designate a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[eŋ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"sense": "added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-inga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -inga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-unga"
},
"expansion": "-unga",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-onga"
},
"expansion": "-onga",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "*-ungu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ungō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ingen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ingen",
"5": "diminutive",
"6": "-inkje",
"7": "or",
"8": "-ingetje",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f (plural -ingen, diminutive -inkje or -ingetje)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"performance",
"performance#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -inc, from Old Dutch -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inck"
},
{
"word": "-ink"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "batting"
},
{
"word": "bunting"
},
{
"word": "carpeting"
},
{
"word": "lining"
},
{
"word": "packing"
},
{
"word": "piping"
},
{
"word": "roofing"
},
{
"word": "siding"
},
{
"word": "ticking"
},
{
"word": "tubing"
},
{
"word": "wadding"
},
{
"word": "wiring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung",
"pos": "suffix forming nouns from verbs",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "*-ungu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-enge",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ink",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ink (“-ing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German -ung (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ing (“-ing”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ing, -ink (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "work"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My hearing is not good.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I have had several meetings with him.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As true nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smoking is bad for your health.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She has a habit of sleeping late.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I like meeting people.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.",
"As gerunds."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"gerund",
"gerund"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roofing is material that is used to roof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Clothing is material with which one is clothed.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"sense": "act of doing something, action",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"sense": "activity",
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"sense": "collection",
"word": "-ery"
},
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ent"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-int"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-minen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-nti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-age"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Use zu + infinitive",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "Use το (to) να (na) + second person singular present verb form",
"sense": "to form gerunds"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ion"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation gerund",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-no",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-koto",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-こと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "ការ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "peng--an"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ând"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ind"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "การ-"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "ความ-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-mekte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form gerunds",
"word": "-makta"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(with no suffix, verbs can be used as nouns)",
"sense": "act of doing something"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"word": "nominalization of the infinitive"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-age"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ment"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-zione (-azione f, -uzione f)"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-mento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "-aggio"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-nie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-cie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ánije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-а́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-énije",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvka",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-о́вка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-lja",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ля"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of doing something",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-werk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-systeem"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tura"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "materials, systems of objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-inge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -inge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ynge"
},
"expansion": "-ynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-inde"
},
"expansion": "-inde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "-ende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "German -end",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -and",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-andi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -andi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ans",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ans",
"3": "-ant-"
},
"expansion": "-ant-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्त्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-and"
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nCognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, German -end, Swedish -and, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rolling stones gather no moss.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You are making a mess.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”\nIf you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form present participles of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"present participle",
"present participle"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:present participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bzj",
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "di"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "緊"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gan²",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "紧"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zyu⁶",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "住"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "著"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhe",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "着"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngzài",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "正在"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-v"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-andi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "first-conjugation persent participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "second- and third-conjugation present participle",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpuŋ",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "កំពុង"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ens"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-anno"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-enno"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-endo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-indo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ajuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ающий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jaščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ящий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-uščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ущий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-juščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-aščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ащий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ejuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-еющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ujuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-jájuščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-я́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščij",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "verbs ending in -ar",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ando"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iendo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "-yendo (verbs ending in -er and -ir)",
"sense": "to form present participles"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "verbs ending in other letter than -a",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ende"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gamlang-",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "กำลัง-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-iyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-uyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-ıyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-üyor"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to form present participles",
"word": "-yan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "atheling"
},
{
"word": "gelding"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Browning, Channing, Ewing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "skill + -ing → shilling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fourth + -ing → farthing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"son",
"son#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
],
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sweet + -ing → sweeting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "white + -ing → whiting",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "geld + -ing → gelding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋɡ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"homophone": "een (some dialects)"
},
{
"homophone": "ink (some dialects)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ing.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ing.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us--ing.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga/En-us--ing.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us--ing.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in'"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ïng"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ing"
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (plural -ings)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋ(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fuy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Fuyug",
"lang_code": "fuy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Fuyug entries with incorrect language header",
"Fuyug lemmas",
"Fuyug suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amul (“woman”) : amuling (“women”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural marker"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from English",
"German terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ing. Doublet of native -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-ings",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-ings",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ing n (genitive -ings, plural -ings)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ing"
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in English borrowings) -ing"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in English borrowings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms",
"German humorous terms",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "extreme saving: saving money as a sport",
"text": "Extremsparing",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cloud dish washing: dish washing following the cloud principle",
"text": "Cloud-Abwasching",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]",
"text": "Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.\nTypes of anglicisms: from der heilago geist [Old High German for “the Holy Spirit”] to extreme saving – illustrated by means of selected lexicographic categorisations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In cloud dish washing, the dirty crockery is simply swapped out, so it doesn’t take up any memory in the kitchen sink and everybody who has a wash-up licence can access it.",
"ref": "2012, Hans Zippert, “Wir verlagern das ganze Leben in die Internetwolke”, in Website of Die Welt",
"text": "Beim Cloud-Abwasching wird das schmutzige Geschirr einfach ausgelagert, damit es keinen Speicherplatz in der Spüle wegnimmt und jeder darauf zugreifen kann, der die Lizenz zum Abwasch hat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive, colloquial, humorous) Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kering (“to circulate, orbit”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeic",
"onomatopoeic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine suffixes",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"-ing; Indicates an action performed by a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Bläuming"
},
{
"english": "little brother",
"word": "Bräuding = Brüderchen"
},
{
"english": "young girl",
"word": "Dirning = Dirnken < Dirn"
},
{
"english": "little daughter",
"word": "Döchting = Töchterchen"
},
{
"word": "fixing"
},
{
"word": "Körling"
},
{
"word": "Nahwersching"
},
{
"word": "nipping"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-inc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -inc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -inc, from Old Saxon -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"East-Frisian"
],
"word": "-je"
},
{
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"word": "-ke"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German suffixes",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Regional Low German"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Used to form diminutives."
],
"tags": [
"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "austlending"
},
{
"word": "estlending"
},
{
"word": "finlending"
},
{
"word": "flamlending"
},
{
"word": "færøying"
},
{
"word": "grønlending"
},
{
"word": "helgelending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "hjaltlending"
},
{
"word": "hollending"
},
{
"word": "hordalending"
},
{
"word": "innlending"
},
{
"word": "irlending"
},
{
"word": "islending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bokmål"
],
"word": "leilending"
},
{
"tags": [
"Nynorsk"
],
"word": "leiglending"
},
{
"word": "lettlending"
},
{
"word": "nederlending"
},
{
"word": "newzealending"
},
{
"word": "nordlending"
},
{
"word": "nyzealending"
},
{
"word": "shetlending"
},
{
"word": "swazilending"
},
{
"word": "sørlending"
},
{
"word": "thailending"
},
{
"word": "utlending"
},
{
"word": "vestlending"
},
{
"word": "viking"
},
{
"word": "østlending"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingi",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ingi m",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was tired of nagging",
"text": "Han var lei av masing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyene + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing f",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing f.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"#Suffix"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ingi",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ingi m",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Færøyane + -ing → færøying",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form demonyms."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ingoding"
},
{
"word": "ningoding"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ang"
},
{
"word": "-aang"
},
{
"word": "-iing"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-ong"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"Ojibwe finals",
"Ojibwe lemmas",
"Ojibwe noun finals",
"Ojibwe noun suffixes",
"Ojibwe suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix denoting the locative form of a noun"
],
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of -ung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "-inga,-inge",
"3": "-inge",
"4": "-inga,-inge",
"5": "-inge",
"6": "-inga",
"7": "-inge",
"8": "-ingum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’."
],
"links": [
[
"derivative",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"sense",
"sense#English"
],
[
"belong",
"belong#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -ing, -ung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: -ing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"dsv": "-ingu",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-o"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingunum",
"dpi": "-ingum",
"dsd": "-ingunni",
"dsi": "-ingu",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words",
"npd": "-ingarnar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingu",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingi"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ingr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse suffixes",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -ing, -ung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -ing, -ung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"api": "-ingar",
"asd": "-ingina",
"asi": "-ing",
"dpd": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"dpi": "-ingum,-ingom",
"dsd": "-inginni,-inginne",
"dsi": "-ing,-ingo",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "-inganna",
"gpi": "-inga",
"gsd": "-ingarinnar",
"gsi": "-ingar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"npi": "-ingar",
"nsd": "-ingin",
"nsi": "-ing",
"stem": "strong ō-stem",
"title": "-ing"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarnar,-inganar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ing,-ingo",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inginni,-inginne",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingum,-ingom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingumin,-ingomen",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ingarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-inganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Swedish lemmas",
"Old Swedish suffixes",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerund nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottawa",
"lang_code": "otw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ottawa entries with incorrect language header",
"Ottawa lemmas",
"Ottawa suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"locative"
],
"tags": [
"locative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ing",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"categories": [
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -in (“ing”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-in",
"-in#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine suffixes",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish unadapted borrowings from English"
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-in"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish feminine suffixes",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish masculine suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "German -ung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate to German -ung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ning"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "-ung"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:verbal noun"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish masculine suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes with multiple genders",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-inger"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -inger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ingr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ingr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ingur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing#Etymology 3",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "English -ing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derivative suffix"
},
"expansion": "(derivative suffix)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish -inger, from Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Cognate with Icelandic -ingur, English -ing (derivative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ing c or m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skåne (“Scania”) + -ing → skåning (“a Scanian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Island (“Iceland”) + -ing → islänning (“an Icelander”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"#Suffix"
],
[
"-ite",
"-ite"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Swedish"
]
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling."
],
"senseid": [
"sv:demonym"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "get (“goat”) + -ing → geting (“a wasp”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "släkt (“(extended) family”) + -ing → släkting (“a relative”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "galen (“crazy”) + -ing → galning (“a crazy person, lunatic, madman”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix"
],
"qualifier": "rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rarely productive) diminutive suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"diminutive",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ín",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "tsikiting"
},
"expansion": "tsikiting",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chiquitín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chiquitín",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜒᜅ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)",
"name": "tl-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ay"
},
{
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"word": "-ng"
},
{
"word": "-oy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog 1-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Tagalog suffixes",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"Tagalog terms without tl-pr template"
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiŋ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for roots ending in vowels",
"word": "-ng"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant"
]
},
{
"form": "-ng",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "-инг"
},
"expansion": "-ing (-инг)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for pronunciation in Uzbek entries",
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek nominal affixes",
"Uzbek suffixes",
"Uzbek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This is your book.",
"text": "Bu kitobing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a consonant. It has the same meaning as sening (“your”) placed before a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"sening",
"sening#Uzbek"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: transguide {}",
"path": [
"-ing",
"transguide"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ing",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.