"-end" meaning in German

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-enti"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -enti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-anti"
      },
      "expansion": "-anti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz",
        "pos": "present participle ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-end"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -end",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-and"
      },
      "expansion": "English -and",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ze lesene → ze lesende",
        "t": "to read"
      },
      "expansion": "ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "das zu lesende Buch"
      },
      "expansion": "das zu lesende Buch",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ein zu lesendes Buch",
        "t": "a book to 􂀿be􂁀 read"
      },
      "expansion": "ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "het/een te lezen boek"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch het/een te lezen boek",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ende, from Old High German -enti, -anti, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch -end, Old English -ende. See English -and, -ing for more.\nThe gerundive use of the present participle goes back to the dative form of the Middle High German infinitive, which was sometimes enhanced with -d- through interaction with the present participle: ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”). Placed before the noun, this construction was then reinterpreted as actually involving a participle, which lead to grammatical agreement: das zu lesende Buch, and thus by analogy ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”). Compare the etymologically correct construction in Dutch het/een te lezen boek.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-end",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Crying, she called me [on the telephone].",
          "text": "Weinend rief sie bei mir an.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The dancing girls are pretty.",
          "text": "Die tanzenden Mädchen sind hübsch.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He places an advert for the flat to be let out.",
          "text": "Er inseriert die zu vermietende Wohnung. (Gerundive use, cf. etymology above)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix forming the present participle of German verbs, analogous to English -ing."
      ],
      "id": "en--end-de-suffix-JdqXuIZr",
      "links": [
        [
          "English",
          "w:English language"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--end.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-end"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "-enti"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -enti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-anti"
      },
      "expansion": "-anti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz",
        "pos": "present participle ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-end"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -end",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-and"
      },
      "expansion": "English -and",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "-ing",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ze lesene → ze lesende",
        "t": "to read"
      },
      "expansion": "ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "das zu lesende Buch"
      },
      "expansion": "das zu lesende Buch",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ein zu lesendes Buch",
        "t": "a book to 􂀿be􂁀 read"
      },
      "expansion": "ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "het/een te lezen boek"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch het/een te lezen boek",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ende, from Old High German -enti, -anti, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch -end, Old English -ende. See English -and, -ing for more.\nThe gerundive use of the present participle goes back to the dative form of the Middle High German infinitive, which was sometimes enhanced with -d- through interaction with the present participle: ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”). Placed before the noun, this construction was then reinterpreted as actually involving a participle, which lead to grammatical agreement: das zu lesende Buch, and thus by analogy ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”). Compare the etymologically correct construction in Dutch het/een te lezen boek.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-end",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German 1-syllable words",
        "German entries with incorrect language header",
        "German inflectional suffixes",
        "German lemmas",
        "German suffixes",
        "German terms derived from Middle High German",
        "German terms derived from Old High German",
        "German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "German terms inherited from Middle High German",
        "German terms inherited from Old High German",
        "German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "German terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "German terms with audio links",
        "German terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Crying, she called me [on the telephone].",
          "text": "Weinend rief sie bei mir an.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The dancing girls are pretty.",
          "text": "Die tanzenden Mädchen sind hübsch.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He places an advert for the flat to be let out.",
          "text": "Er inseriert die zu vermietende Wohnung. (Gerundive use, cf. etymology above)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix forming the present participle of German verbs, analogous to English -ing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "English",
          "w:English language"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--end.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--end.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-end"
}