See -ing in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:-ing<id:gerund noun>",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ingbor.\nPolish -ing\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ungō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ung\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-ing\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -unek",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ingbor.\nPolish -ing\nBorrowed from English -ing. Doublet of -unek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-ing m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ing"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ing"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grzyb + -ing → grzybing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial or humorous nouns."
],
"id": "en--ing-pl-suffix-JN-qhyQb",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋk"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:-ing<id:gerund noun>",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ingbor.\nPolish -ing\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ungō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ung\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-ing\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ing",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -ing",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -unek",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ingbor.\nPolish -ing\nBorrowed from English -ing. Doublet of -unek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ingi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "-ing m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ing"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"ing"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old English",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/iŋk",
"Rhymes:Polish/iŋk/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grzyb + -ing → grzybing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial or humorous nouns."
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iŋk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋk"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ing meaning in Polish (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.