See -else on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -else",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -else"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-else",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -else",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -else"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -ilse, later -ælsæ, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-elsen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elserne",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-elsen",
"5": "plural indefinite",
"6": "-elser",
"7": "plural definite",
"8": "-elserne",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-else c (singular definite -elsen, plural indefinite -elser, plural definite -elserne)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "afbryde (“interrupt”) + -else → afbrydelse (“interruption”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process."
],
"id": "en--else-da-suffix-VEPnSLgD",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The result of, or something related to, such an action or process"
],
"id": "en--else-da-suffix-jE~6lACQ",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-əlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-əlsə]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-sel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -else",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -else, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo; from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-els",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-else n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "from backen (“to bake”)",
"text": "Backelse (“pastry”): that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes)"
},
{
"text": "Radelse (“riddle”): that which is guessed — from raden (“to guess”); compare German Rätsel, Dutch raadsel, Old English rǣdelse"
},
{
"english": "from riemen (“to rhyme”)",
"text": "Riemelse (“rhyme”): that which is rhymed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done)."
],
"id": "en--else-nds-suffix-834tXjws",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[(ə)lzə]"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n",
"head": "-else"
},
"expansion": "-else n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "backen (“to bake”) + -else → backelse n (“a baked good”, literally “that which is created by baking”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed."
],
"id": "en--else-gml-suffix-~y7LdSeB",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 12 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 13 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "decken (“to cover”) + -else → deckelse n (“a cover, a roof, a wrapping”, literally “that which is used to cover”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb."
],
"id": "en--else-gml-suffix-fSgtoYZz",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əlzə/"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Danish -else",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "-ælsæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish -ælsæ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmw",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "West Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-nisse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -nisse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-nissi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -nissi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-nassī",
"pos": "forms abstract nouns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inassuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inassuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ih₂",
"4": "*-i-h₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.\nAlso from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-elset",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-else m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-el‧se"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "forms nouns",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 23 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 12 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 13 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
18,
22
],
[
30,
34
],
[
41,
45
],
[
55,
59
]
],
"english": "decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection",
"text": "avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action."
],
"id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 23 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 12 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 13 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
],
[
19,
23
],
[
37,
41
],
[
49,
53
]
],
"english": "discussion, translation, facilitation, education",
"text": "drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending."
],
"id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 23 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 12 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 13 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
],
[
17,
21
]
],
"english": "connection, parable",
"text": "forbindelse, lignelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending."
],
"id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 23 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 12 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 13 19 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
],
[
15,
19
],
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "writing, ghost, starch",
"text": "skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action"
],
"id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌəlsə/"
},
{
"audio": "nb--else.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Nb--else.ogg/Nb--else.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Nb--else.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlsə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əlsə"
},
{
"homophone": "Else"
},
{
"homophone": "-elset"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "English: -le",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -le"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-else"
},
"expansion": "-else f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-els"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-else",
"2": "-elsan",
"3": "-elsan",
"4": "-elsan",
"5": "-elsan",
"6": "-elsena",
"7": "-elsan",
"8": "-elsum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak feminine (n-stem)"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "counsel, advice, riddle, enigma",
"text": "rǣdelse",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "an offense, scandal; stumblingblock",
"text": "myrrelse, mierrelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--else-ang-suffix-Xn-cI1Mi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(feminine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for inanimate objects"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-els"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el.se/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eɫ.ze]"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elserna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-else c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "röra (“to move”) + -else → rörelse (“movement”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hända (“to happen”) + -else → händelse (“occurence”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ment, -tion, -ing suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--else-sv-suffix-Gs9CXPf-",
"links": [
[
"-ment",
"-ment"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender suffixes",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish suffixes",
"Danish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Danish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -else",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -else"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-else",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -else",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -else"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -ilse, later -ælsæ, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-elsen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elserne",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "-elsen",
"5": "plural indefinite",
"6": "-elser",
"7": "plural definite",
"8": "-elserne",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-else c (singular definite -elsen, plural indefinite -elser, plural definite -elserne)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "afbryde (“interrupt”) + -else → afbrydelse (“interruption”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process."
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The result of, or something related to, such an action or process"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-əlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-əlsə]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"word": "-sel"
},
{
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -else",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German -else, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo; from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-els",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-else n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German neuter suffixes",
"Low German suffixes",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "from backen (“to bake”)",
"text": "Backelse (“pastry”): that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes)"
},
{
"text": "Radelse (“riddle”): that which is guessed — from raden (“to guess”); compare German Rätsel, Dutch raadsel, Old English rǣdelse"
},
{
"english": "from riemen (“to rhyme”)",
"text": "Riemelse (“rhyme”): that which is rhymed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[(ə)lzə]"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Low German lemmas",
"Middle Low German neuter suffixes",
"Middle Low German suffixes",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Low German terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n",
"head": "-else"
},
"expansion": "-else n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "backen (“to bake”) + -else → backelse n (“a baked good”, literally “that which is created by baking”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "decken (“to cover”) + -else → deckelse n (“a cover, a roof, a wrapping”, literally “that which is used to cover”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əlzə/"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "-else"
},
"expansion": "Danish -else",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "-ælsæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish -ælsæ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmw",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "West Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-nisse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -nisse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-nissi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -nissi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-nassī",
"pos": "forms abstract nouns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inassuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inassuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ih₂",
"4": "*-i-h₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.\nAlso from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-elset",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-else m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-el‧se"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"english": "forms nouns",
"word": "-ning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
18,
22
],
[
30,
34
],
[
41,
45
],
[
55,
59
]
],
"english": "decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection",
"text": "avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
],
[
19,
23
],
[
37,
41
],
[
49,
53
]
],
"english": "discussion, translation, facilitation, education",
"text": "drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
],
[
17,
21
]
],
"english": "connection, parable",
"text": "forbindelse, lignelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
],
[
15,
19
],
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "writing, ghost, starch",
"text": "skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛlsə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌəlsə/"
},
{
"audio": "nb--else.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Nb--else.ogg/Nb--else.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Nb--else.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlsə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əlsə"
},
{
"homophone": "Else"
},
{
"homophone": "-elset"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "English: -le",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -le"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-else"
},
"expansion": "-else f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-els"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-else",
"2": "-elsan",
"3": "-elsan",
"4": "-elsan",
"5": "-elsan",
"6": "-elsena",
"7": "-elsan",
"8": "-elsum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak feminine (n-stem)"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "counsel, advice, riddle, enigma",
"text": "rǣdelse",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "an offense, scandal; stumblingblock",
"text": "myrrelse, mierrelse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(feminine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for inanimate objects"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el.se/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eɫ.ze]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-els"
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-isli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elser",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elserna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-else c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish noun-forming suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "röra (“to move”) + -else → rörelse (“movement”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hända (“to happen”) + -else → händelse (“occurence”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ment, -tion, -ing suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"-ment",
"-ment"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-else"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -else meaning in All languages combined (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.