"-else" meaning in Norwegian Bokmål

See -else in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ˌɛlsə/, /ˌəlsə/ Audio: nb--else.ogg Forms: -elset [definite, neuter, singular], -elsen [definite, masculine, singular], -elser [indefinite, plural], -elsene [definite, plural], -elsa [definite, plural]
Rhymes: -ɛlsə, -əlsə Etymology: Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo. Also from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns). Etymology templates: {{der|nb|da|-else}} Danish -else, {{der|nb|gmq-oda|-ælsæ}} Old Danish -ælsæ, {{m|gmq-oda|-ilse}} -ilse, {{der|nb|osx|-isli}} Old Saxon -isli, {{m|osx|-islo}} -islo, {{bor|nb|gmw|-}} West Germanic, {{der|nb|gml|-nisse}} Middle Low German -nisse, {{der|nb|osx|-nissi}} Old Saxon -nissi, {{der|nb|gmw-pro|*-nassī|pos=forms abstract nouns}} Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), {{m|gmw-pro|*-nass}} *-nass, {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-inassuz}} Proto-Germanic *-inassuz, {{m|gmw-pro|*-ī}} *-ī, {{der|nb|gem-pro|*-į̄}} Proto-Germanic *-į̄, {{der|nb|ine-pro|*-ih₂|*-i-h₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, {{m|ine-pro|*-h₂|pos=creates collective nouns}} *-h₂ (creates collective nouns) Head templates: {{head|nb|suffix|g=m|g2=n}} -else m or n
  1. Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action. Tags: masculine, morpheme, neuter
    Sense id: en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun
  2. Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending. Tags: masculine, morpheme, neuter
    Sense id: en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1
  3. Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending. Tags: masculine, morpheme, neuter
    Sense id: en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1
  4. Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action Tags: masculine, morpheme, neuter
    Sense id: en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ing, -ning (english: forms nouns)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for -else meaning in Norwegian Bokmål (4.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "da",
        "3": "-else"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish -else",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmq-oda",
        "3": "-ælsæ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Danish -ælsæ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-oda",
        "2": "-ilse"
      },
      "expansion": "-ilse",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-isli"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-islo"
      },
      "expansion": "-islo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmw",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "West Germanic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-nisse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German -nisse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-nissi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -nissi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-nassī",
        "pos": "forms abstract nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*-nass"
      },
      "expansion": "*-nass",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-inassuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inassuz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*-ī"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ī",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-į̄"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-ih₂",
        "4": "*-i-h₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-h₂",
        "pos": "creates collective nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "*-h₂ (creates collective nouns)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.\nAlso from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-elset",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elser",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsene",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsa",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-else m or n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-el‧se"
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "forms nouns",
      "word": "-ning"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection",
          "text": "avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action."
      ],
      "id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun",
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "discussion, translation, facilitation, education",
          "text": "drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Norwegian Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "connection, parable",
          "text": "forbindelse, lignelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Norwegian Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "writing, ghost, starch",
          "text": "skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action"
      ],
      "id": "en--else-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɛlsə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌəlsə/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛlsə"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əlsə"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Else"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-elset"
    },
    {
      "audio": "nb--else.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Nb--else.ogg/Nb--else.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Nb--else.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-else"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "da",
        "3": "-else"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish -else",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmq-oda",
        "3": "-ælsæ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Danish -ælsæ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-oda",
        "2": "-ilse"
      },
      "expansion": "-ilse",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-isli"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -isli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-islo"
      },
      "expansion": "-islo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmw",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "West Germanic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-nisse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German -nisse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-nissi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -nissi",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-nassī",
        "pos": "forms abstract nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*-nass"
      },
      "expansion": "*-nass",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-inassuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inassuz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*-ī"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ī",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-į̄"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-ih₂",
        "4": "*-i-h₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-h₂",
        "pos": "creates collective nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "*-h₂ (creates collective nouns)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.\nAlso from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-elset",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsen",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elser",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsene",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-elsa",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-else m or n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-el‧se"
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "english": "forms nouns",
      "word": "-ning"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection",
          "text": "avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "discussion, translation, facilitation, education",
          "text": "drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Norwegian Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "connection, parable",
          "text": "forbindelse, lignelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#Norwegian Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "writing, ghost, starch",
          "text": "skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nb:noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɛlsə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌəlsə/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛlsə"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əlsə"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Else"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-elset"
    },
    {
      "audio": "nb--else.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Nb--else.ogg/Nb--else.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Nb--else.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-else"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Norwegian Bokmål dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.