"-ery" meaning in All languages combined

See -ery on Wiktionary

Suffix [English]

IPA: /əɹi/
Etymology: From Middle English -erie, from Anglo-Norman -erie, which is from -ier + -ie; a suffix forming abstract nouns. The suffix first occurs in loans from Old French into Middle English, but becomes productive within English by the 16th century, in some instances properly a combination of the agent suffix -er with -y as in bakery, brewery, but also as a single suffix in terms like slavery, machinery (which are not derived from slaver or machiner). By surface analysis, -er + -y Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-erie}} Middle English -erie, {{der|en|xno|-erie}} Anglo-Norman -erie, {{af|fro|-ier|-ie|nocat=1}} -ier + -ie, {{m|en|-er}} -er, {{m|en|-y#Etymology 3|-y}} -y, {{m|en|bakery}} bakery, {{m|en|brewery}} brewery, {{m|en|slavery}} slavery, {{m|en|machinery}} machinery, {{m|en|slaver}} slaver, {{m|en|machiner}} machiner, {{surf|en|-er|-y}} By surface analysis, -er + -y Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ery, {{en-suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -ery
  1. Added to occupational etc. nouns to form other nouns meaning the "art, craft, or practice of." Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ery-en-suffix-IeRgdovn Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, English links with redundant alt parameters, English terms suffixed with -er, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 25 25 26 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 24 26 25 24 Disambiguation of English links with redundant alt parameters: 24 25 26 26 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 30 26 22 22
  2. Added to verbs to form nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice). Tags: morpheme Synonyms (place of): -ing (english: activity)
    Sense id: en--ery-en-suffix-M~~RI~Ra Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, English links with redundant alt parameters, English terms suffixed with -er, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 25 25 26 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 24 26 25 24 Disambiguation of English links with redundant alt parameters: 24 25 26 26 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of 'place of': 0 100 0 0
  3. Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "a class, group, or collection of." Tags: morpheme Synonyms (collection): -age, -ing Translations (class or group, collection of): -s (Hungarian), -os (Hungarian), -as (Hungarian), -es (Hungarian), -ös (Hungarian), -áru (Hungarian), -eria (Interlingua), -erie (Middle English), -eria [feminine] (Polish), -ărie [feminine] (Romanian)
    Sense id: en--ery-en-suffix-noDD0xC0 Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, English links with redundant alt parameters, English terms suffixed with -er, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 25 25 26 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 24 26 25 24 Disambiguation of English links with redundant alt parameters: 24 25 26 26 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of 'collection': 6 6 81 6 Disambiguation of 'class or group, collection of': 4 4 88 4
  4. Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "behavior characteristic of." Tags: morpheme Translations (characteristic of): -ság (Hungarian), -ség (Hungarian), -eria [feminine] (Polish)
    Sense id: en--ery-en-suffix-gWEicoqn Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, English links with redundant alt parameters, English terms suffixed with -er, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 25 25 26 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 24 26 25 24 Disambiguation of English links with redundant alt parameters: 24 25 26 26 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 30 26 22 22 Disambiguation of 'characteristic of': 5 4 4 87
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ry Translations (art, craft or practice): -ászat (Hungarian), -észet (Hungarian), -ság (Hungarian), -ség (Hungarian), -ás (Hungarian), -és (Hungarian), -eria (Interlingua), -erie (Middle English) Translations (organisation or movement): -ság (Hungarian), -ség (Hungarian) Translations (place of art, craft or practice): -eria [feminine] (Catalan), -ejo (Esperanto), -erie (French), -da (Hungarian), -de (Hungarian), -ság (Hungarian), -ség (Hungarian), -eria (Interlingua), -eria [feminine] (Italian), -ykla [feminine] (Lithuanian), -erie (Middle English), -ri (Norwegian Bokmål), -nia [feminine] (Polish), -aria [feminine] (Portuguese), -ărie [feminine] (Romanian), -ería [feminine] (Spanish)
Disambiguation of 'art, craft or practice': 46 46 4 5 Disambiguation of 'organisation or movement': 22 22 28 27 Disambiguation of 'place of art, craft or practice': 42 51 3 4

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for -ery meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-erie"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -erie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "-erie"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman -erie",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-ier",
        "3": "-ie",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ier + -ie",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "-er",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y#Etymology 3",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-y",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bakery"
      },
      "expansion": "bakery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brewery"
      },
      "expansion": "brewery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "slavery"
      },
      "expansion": "slavery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "machinery"
      },
      "expansion": "machinery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "slaver"
      },
      "expansion": "slaver",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "machiner"
      },
      "expansion": "machiner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, -er + -y",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -erie, from Anglo-Norman -erie, which is from -ier + -ie; a suffix forming abstract nouns.\nThe suffix first occurs in loans from Old French into Middle English, but becomes productive within English by the 16th century, in some instances properly a combination of the agent suffix -er with -y as in bakery, brewery, but also as a single suffix in terms like slavery, machinery (which are not derived from slaver or machiner). By surface analysis, -er + -y",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ery",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ery",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 25 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "midwife + -ery → midwifery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cook + -ery → cookery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to occupational etc. nouns to form other nouns meaning the \"art, craft, or practice of.\""
      ],
      "id": "en--ery-en-suffix-IeRgdovn",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 25 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bake + -ery → bakery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "distill + -ery → distillery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "join + -ery → joinery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbs to form nouns meaning \"place of\" (an art, craft, or practice)."
      ],
      "id": "en--ery-en-suffix-M~~RI~Ra",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
          "english": "activity",
          "sense": "place of",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 25 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "crock + -ery → crockery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hose + -ery → hosiery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "shrub + -ery → shrubbery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"a class, group, or collection of.\""
      ],
      "id": "en--ery-en-suffix-noDD0xC0",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 6 81 6",
          "sense": "collection",
          "word": "-age"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 6 81 6",
          "sense": "collection",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-s"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-os"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-as"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-es"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-ös"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-áru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-eria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "word": "-erie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-eria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 4 88 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "class or group, collection of",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ărie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 25 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 25 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "snob + -ery → snobbery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tomfool + -ery → tomfoolery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"behavior characteristic of.\""
      ],
      "id": "en--ery-en-suffix-gWEicoqn",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 4 87",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "characteristic of",
          "word": "-ság"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 4 87",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "characteristic of",
          "word": "-ség"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 4 87",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "-askodás/-eskedés/-ösködés/-skodás/-skedés/-sködés",
          "sense": "characteristic of"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 4 87",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "characteristic of",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-eria"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əɹi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ry"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ászat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-észet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ás"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "46 46 4 5",
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ejo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-da"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-de"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ykla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-nia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-aria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ărie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 51 3 4",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ería"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "22 22 28 27",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "organisation or movement",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "22 22 28 27",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "organisation or movement",
      "word": "-ség"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ery"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English links with redundant alt parameters",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-erie"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -erie",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "-erie"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman -erie",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-ier",
        "3": "-ie",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ier + -ie",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "-er",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y#Etymology 3",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-y",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bakery"
      },
      "expansion": "bakery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brewery"
      },
      "expansion": "brewery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "slavery"
      },
      "expansion": "slavery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "machinery"
      },
      "expansion": "machinery",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "slaver"
      },
      "expansion": "slaver",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "machiner"
      },
      "expansion": "machiner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, -er + -y",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -erie, from Anglo-Norman -erie, which is from -ier + -ie; a suffix forming abstract nouns.\nThe suffix first occurs in loans from Old French into Middle English, but becomes productive within English by the 16th century, in some instances properly a combination of the agent suffix -er with -y as in bakery, brewery, but also as a single suffix in terms like slavery, machinery (which are not derived from slaver or machiner). By surface analysis, -er + -y",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ery",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ery",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "midwife + -ery → midwifery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cook + -ery → cookery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to occupational etc. nouns to form other nouns meaning the \"art, craft, or practice of.\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bake + -ery → bakery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "distill + -ery → distillery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "join + -ery → joinery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbs to form nouns meaning \"place of\" (an art, craft, or practice)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "crock + -ery → crockery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hose + -ery → hosiery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "shrub + -ery → shrubbery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"a class, group, or collection of.\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "snob + -ery → snobbery",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tomfool + -ery → tomfoolery",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"behavior characteristic of.\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əɹi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "activity",
      "sense": "place of",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "sense": "collection",
      "word": "-age"
    },
    {
      "sense": "collection",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ry"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ászat"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-észet"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ás"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ejo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-da"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-de"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ykla"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "word": "-ri"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-nia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-aria"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ărie"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "place of art, craft or practice",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ería"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "organisation or movement",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "organisation or movement",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-s"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-os"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-as"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-es"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-ös"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-áru"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "word": "-erie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "class or group, collection of",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ărie"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "characteristic of",
      "word": "-ság"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "characteristic of",
      "word": "-ség"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "-askodás/-eskedés/-ösködés/-skodás/-skedés/-sködés",
      "sense": "characteristic of"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "characteristic of",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-eria"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ery"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.