See -ing in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ing meaning in Middle English (4.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-rQf5jkKj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-~qGBnPj0",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 36 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive_suffix",
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"id": "en--ing-enm-suffix-bjUqHQvk",
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-in"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in', -in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in', -in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ung"
},
"expansion": "-ung",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ungō"
},
"expansion": "*-ungō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning \"to utilise (a given thing)\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/unɡ/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[uŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-inge"
},
{
"word": "-yng"
},
{
"word": "-ynge"
},
{
"word": "-ingue"
},
{
"word": "-inng"
},
{
"word": "-ung"
},
{
"word": "-unge"
},
{
"word": "-eng"
},
{
"word": "-enge"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing",
"3": "-in'"
},
"expansion": "English: -ing, -in'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ing, -in'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in",
"3": "-in'",
"4": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -in, -in', -ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ing",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"qualifier": "marginally productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning \"son of\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/inɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "-ing"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.