See -en in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -en meaning in Dutch (15.8kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂yéti",
"pos": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-h₂ti",
"pos": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "*-h₂ti (factitive)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Primarily from weak class 2, from Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -on, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative) and *-h₂ti (factitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -d"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -t",
"dt": "t"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-nl:denominative",
"senseid": [
"nl:denominative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ijn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ijn, -in, -en, from Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-",
"part": "-",
"pred": "-"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives that indicate the substance from which something is made."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-nl:substance",
"senseid": [
"nl:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, a merger of various Old Dutch infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Ending of the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-zJ-6I5u~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eners",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 26 2 3 18 19 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs. This can also function as an adjective."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-NVcdPVsZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "From various case forms of the Germanic weak nominal inflection.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural form of many nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-YAEkIVvL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "groot + -en → de groten (“the great ones”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taken by adjectives used as nouns, to form the plural form of such nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-WWlCqzVf",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "een + -en → ten enen male",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-XAs~Y4PC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "de hertog + -en → des hertogen, a genitive preserved in 's-Hertogenbosch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-CmE-h6jm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "From various first- and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural forms of verbs, in both present and past tense."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-oVmMUZRy",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ana"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ana",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-anā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-anā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "voor + -en → van voren (“from the front”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix present on certain adverbs."
],
"id": "en--en-nl-suffix-JRfv5vJQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch verb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -on",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂yéti",
"pos": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-h₂ti",
"pos": "factitive"
},
"expansion": "*-h₂ti (factitive)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Primarily from weak class 2, from Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -on, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti (denominative) and *-h₂ti (factitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-den",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ten",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-end",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ge- -t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -d"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "",
"3": "- -t",
"dt": "t"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:denominative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ijn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ijn, -in, -en, from Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-",
"part": "-",
"pred": "-"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives that indicate the substance from which something is made."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-an"
},
"expansion": "-an",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "-ien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-janą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "*-ijaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-on"
},
"expansion": "-on",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, a merger of various Old Dutch infinitive suffixes:\n* The strong infinitive -an, from Proto-Germanic *-aną.\n* The weak class 1 infinitive -en, -ien, from Proto-Germanic *-janą, *-ijaną.\n* The weak class 2 infinitive -on, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Ending of the infinitive form of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -en, from Old Dutch -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ener",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-enste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eners",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the past participle of strong verbs. This can also function as an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "From various case forms of the Germanic weak nominal inflection.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural form of many nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "groot + -en → de groten (“the great ones”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taken by adjectives used as nouns, to form the plural form of such nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "een + -en → ten enen male",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of a number of weak case endings of the adjective or the article."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "de hertog + -en → des hertogen, a genitive preserved in 's-Hertogenbosch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, not productive) The ending of the genitive case of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "From various first- and third-person plural forms of Germanic verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The ending of the plural forms of verbs, in both present and past tense."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ana"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ana",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-anā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-anā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "voor + -en → van voren (“from the front”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix present on certain adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
},
{
"other": "/n/"
},
{
"other": "[m̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ̍]"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.