See -ern on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-rǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -rǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ǿnn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In form, from Middle English -erne, -ern, -ren, -ron (northern(e), northron, so(u)thern(e), sothron, etc), from Old English -erne (norþerne, etc), from Proto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) + *-ōnijaz, whence also Old High German -rōni, Old Saxon -rōni, Old Norse -rǿnn / Old Norse -ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation from northern, southern, etc.\n(Contrast the -ern in hāliġern, etc., which is related to ærn (“place”).)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 5 6 24 11 8 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 4 4 31 12 12 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leftern"
},
{
"word": "rightern"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ern-en-suffix-HZik9a-U",
"qualifier": "nonstandard outside fossilized words",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard outside fossilized words) Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "northern"
},
{
"word": "eastern"
},
{
"word": "southern"
},
{
"word": "western"
},
{
"word": "northron"
},
{
"word": "eastron"
},
{
"word": "southron"
},
{
"word": "westron"
},
{
"word": "norther"
},
{
"word": "easter"
},
{
"word": "souther"
},
{
"word": "wester"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"iterative suffix, used to form verbs from other verbs"
],
"id": "en--ern-de-suffix-ULiXi7Rk",
"links": [
[
"iterative",
"iterative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rarely productive) iterative suffix, used to form verbs from other verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-eln"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "be- + Weihrauch (“incense”) + -ern → beweihräuchern (“to incense”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form verbs from nouns, often with an additional prefix"
],
"id": "en--ern-de-suffix-hnx4pawm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Extended form of -en, generalised from such forms as silbern, kupfern, ledern, originally also eisern, in which -er is part of the stem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 20 13 8 8 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 4 4 31 12 12 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 51 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 54 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 45 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Glas (“glass”) + -ern → gläsern (“glassen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-en, made of (used to form adjectives from nouns)"
],
"id": "en--ern-de-suffix-TPQDCU6G",
"links": [
[
"-en",
"-en"
],
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
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}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Equivalent to -er (plural suffix) + -n (dative plural suffix). The former was originally a stem extension, so it could be followed by another declensional suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 4 4 31 12 12 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the man – to the men",
"text": "der Mann – den Männern",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dative plural suffix for nouns that form the plural in -er."
],
"id": "en--ern-de-suffix-H4E5nrXo",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ern",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ern, from ærn (“place”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 4 4 31 12 12 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a place related to the noun it attaches to"
],
"id": "en--ern-enm-suffix-tFNzngQY",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -erne.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-erne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -erne"
],
"id": "en--ern-enm-suffix-78lwLnks",
"links": [
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From the adjectival use of -ærn (“noun suffix denoting location”), from ærn (“place”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ærn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ern",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ern",
"2": "-ernu",
"3": "-ern",
"4": "-ernu",
"5": "-ernes",
"6": "-erna",
"7": "-erne",
"8": "-ernum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hāliġ (“holy”) + -ern → hāliġern (“sanctuary, holy place”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"a place\"."
],
"id": "en--ern-ang-suffix-zXdbaZs2",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ern/"
},
{
"ipa": "[erˠn]"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-erne",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -erne, -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -erne, -ern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Variant of -erne.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"toward a place\"; alternative form of -erne"
],
"id": "en--ern-ang-suffix-GaClaKt~",
"links": [
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ern/"
},
{
"ipa": "[erˠn]"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leftern"
},
{
"word": "rightern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-rǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -rǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ǿnn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In form, from Middle English -erne, -ern, -ren, -ron (northern(e), northron, so(u)thern(e), sothron, etc), from Old English -erne (norþerne, etc), from Proto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) + *-ōnijaz, whence also Old High German -rōni, Old Saxon -rōni, Old Norse -rǿnn / Old Norse -ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation from northern, southern, etc.\n(Contrast the -ern in hāliġern, etc., which is related to ærn (“place”).)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "northern"
},
{
"word": "eastern"
},
{
"word": "southern"
},
{
"word": "western"
},
{
"word": "northron"
},
{
"word": "eastron"
},
{
"word": "southron"
},
{
"word": "westron"
},
{
"word": "norther"
},
{
"word": "easter"
},
{
"word": "souther"
},
{
"word": "wester"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"qualifier": "nonstandard outside fossilized words",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard outside fossilized words) Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German rebracketings",
"German suffixes",
"German verb-forming suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"iterative suffix, used to form verbs from other verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"iterative",
"iterative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now rarely productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rarely productive) iterative suffix, used to form verbs from other verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-eln"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "be- + Weihrauch (“incense”) + -ern → beweihräuchern (“to incense”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form verbs from nouns, often with an additional prefix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"German adjective-forming suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German rebracketings",
"German suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Extended form of -en, generalised from such forms as silbern, kupfern, ledern, originally also eisern, in which -er is part of the stem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Glas (“glass”) + -ern → gläsern (“glassen”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-en, made of (used to form adjectives from nouns)"
],
"links": [
[
"-en",
"-en"
],
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German rebracketings",
"German suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Equivalent to -er (plural suffix) + -n (dative plural suffix). The former was originally a stem extension, so it could be followed by another declensional suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the man – to the men",
"text": "der Mann – den Männern",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dative plural suffix for nouns that form the plural in -er."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-ɐn]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ern.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ern",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ern, from ærn (“place”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a place related to the noun it attaches to"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -erne.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-erne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -erne"
],
"links": [
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From the adjectival use of -ærn (“noun suffix denoting location”), from ærn (“place”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ernum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ærn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ern",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ern",
"2": "-ernu",
"3": "-ern",
"4": "-ernu",
"5": "-ernes",
"6": "-erna",
"7": "-erne",
"8": "-ernum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hāliġ (“holy”) + -ern → hāliġern (“sanctuary, holy place”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"a place\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ern/"
},
{
"ipa": "[erˠn]"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-erne",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -erne, -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -erne, -ern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "English: -ern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Variant of -erne.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix meaning \"toward a place\"; alternative form of -erne"
],
"links": [
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ern/"
},
{
"ipa": "[erˠn]"
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ern meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.