See -ern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ern meaning in English (3.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ron"
},
"expansion": "-ron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "northerne",
"3": "northern(e)"
},
"expansion": "northern(e)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "northron"
},
"expansion": "northron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "southerne",
"3": "so(u)thern(e)"
},
"expansion": "so(u)thern(e)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sothron"
},
"expansion": "sothron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "norþerne"
},
"expansion": "norþerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōnijaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ōnijaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-rǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -rǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "northern"
},
"expansion": "northern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "southern"
},
"expansion": "southern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hāliġern"
},
"expansion": "hāliġern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ærn",
"3": "",
"4": "place"
},
"expansion": "ærn (“place”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In form, from Middle English -erne, -ern, -ren, -ron (northern(e), northron, so(u)thern(e), sothron, etc), from Old English -erne (norþerne, etc), from Proto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) + *-ōnijaz, whence also Old High German -rōni, Old Saxon -rōni, Old Norse -rǿnn / Old Norse -ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation from northern, southern, etc.\n(Contrast the -ern in hāliġern, etc., which is related to ærn (“place”).)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 8 7 13 8 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leftern"
},
{
"word": "rightern"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ern-en-suffix-HZik9a-U",
"qualifier": "nonstandard outside fossilized words",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard outside fossilized words) Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "northern"
},
{
"word": "eastern"
},
{
"word": "southern"
},
{
"word": "western"
},
{
"word": "northron"
},
{
"word": "eastron"
},
{
"word": "southron"
},
{
"word": "westron"
},
{
"word": "norther"
},
{
"word": "easter"
},
{
"word": "souther"
},
{
"word": "wester"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leftern"
},
{
"word": "rightern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ron"
},
"expansion": "-ron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "northerne",
"3": "northern(e)"
},
"expansion": "northern(e)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "northron"
},
"expansion": "northron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "southerne",
"3": "so(u)thern(e)"
},
"expansion": "so(u)thern(e)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sothron"
},
"expansion": "sothron",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "norþerne"
},
"expansion": "norþerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōnijaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ōnijaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -rōni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-rǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -rǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ǿnn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "northern"
},
"expansion": "northern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "southern"
},
"expansion": "southern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hāliġern"
},
"expansion": "hāliġern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ærn",
"3": "",
"4": "place"
},
"expansion": "ærn (“place”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In form, from Middle English -erne, -ern, -ren, -ron (northern(e), northron, so(u)thern(e), sothron, etc), from Old English -erne (norþerne, etc), from Proto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) + *-ōnijaz, whence also Old High German -rōni, Old Saxon -rōni, Old Norse -rǿnn / Old Norse -ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation from northern, southern, etc.\n(Contrast the -ern in hāliġern, etc., which is related to ærn (“place”).)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "northern"
},
{
"word": "eastern"
},
{
"word": "southern"
},
{
"word": "western"
},
{
"word": "northron"
},
{
"word": "eastron"
},
{
"word": "southron"
},
{
"word": "westron"
},
{
"word": "norther"
},
{
"word": "easter"
},
{
"word": "souther"
},
{
"word": "wester"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English lemmas",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English"
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"qualifier": "nonstandard outside fossilized words",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard outside fossilized words) Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ern"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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