"northern" meaning in English

See northern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈnɔːðən/ [UK], /ˈnɔːðn̩/ [UK], /ˈnɔɹðɚn/ [US], /ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/ [nonstandard] Audio: en-us-northern.ogg [US] Forms: more northern [comparative], most northern [superlative]
enPR: nôr′''th''ərn Etymology: From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn. Morphologically north + -ern. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|northerne}} Middle English northerne, {{inh|en|ang|norþerne}} Old English norþerne, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*norþrōnī}} Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*nurþrōnijaz}} Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz, {{cog|goh|nordrōni}} Old High German nordrōni, {{cog|non|norrœnn}} Old Norse norrœnn, {{suffix|en|north|ern}} north + -ern Head templates: {{en-adj}} northern (comparative more northern, superlative most northern)
  1. Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly. Translations (facing, situated in or related to the north): verior (Albanian), βόρειος (bóreios) (Ancient Greek), شَمَالِيّ (šamāliyy) (Arabic), հյուսիսային (hyusisayin) (Armenian), şimali (Azerbaijani), quzey (Azerbaijani), iparreko (Basque), паўно́чны (paŭnóčny) (Belarusian), উত্তর (uttor) (Bengali), се́верен (séveren) (Bulgarian), တောင် (taung) (Burmese), septentrional (Catalan), باکوری (bakurî) (Central Kurdish), 北方 (běifāng) (Chinese Mandarin), 北 (běi) (Chinese Mandarin), settentriunale (Corsican), severní (Czech), nordlig (Danish), noordelijk (Dutch), norda (Esperanto), põhjamaine (Estonian), põhja- (Estonian), pohjois- (Finnish), septentrional (French), boréal (French), setentrional (Galician), ჩრდილოეთის (črdiloetis) (Georgian), ჩრდილოური (črdilouri) (Georgian), ჩრდილოეთით (črdiloetit) (Georgian), ჩრდილოეთიდან (črdiloetidan) (Georgian), ჩრდილოეთისა (črdiloetisa) (Georgian), nördlich (German), Nord- (German), βόρειος (vóreios) (Greek), צְפוֹנִי (tsfoní) (Hebrew), उत्तरी (uttarī) (Hindi), északi (Hungarian), norður (Icelandic), tuaisceartach (Irish), thuaidh (Irish), settentrionale (Italian), nordico (Italian), boreale (Italian), 北 (kita) (alt: きた) (Japanese), lor (Javanese), lèr (Javanese), солтүстік (soltüstık) (Kazakh), ខាងជើង (khaang cəəng) (Khmer), 북쪽의 (bukjjogui) (Korean), түндүк (tündük) (Kyrgyz), ເໜືອ (nư̄a) (Lao), boreālis (Latin), borēus (Latin), ziemeļu (Latvian), šiaurinis (Lithuanian), šiaurės (Lithuanian), северен (severen) (Macedonian), വടക്കൻ (vaṭakkaṉ) (Malayalam), ഉത്തര (uttara) (Malayalam), ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ (amargi) (Manchu), bakurî (Northern Kurdish), nordlig (Norwegian Bokmål), septentrional (Occitan), شمالي (šamāli) (Pashto), شمالی (šomâli) (Persian), nuadna (Plautdietsch), północny (Polish), setentrional (Portuguese), nortenho (Portuguese), boreal (Portuguese), nordic (Romanian), boreal (Romanian), septentrional (Romanian), се́верный (sévernyj) (Russian), norlin (Scots), a tuath (Scottish Gaelic), tuath (Scottish Gaelic), се̏ве̄рнӣ [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), сје̏ве̄рнӣ [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), sȅvērnī [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), sjȅvērnī [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), severný (Slovak), severen (Slovene), septentrional (Spanish), norteño (Spanish), boreal (Spanish), nordlig (Swedish), шимолӣ (šimolī) (Tajik), เหนือ (nʉ̌ʉa) (Thai), oṣṣaleṣṣe (Tocharian B), kuzey (Turkish), demirgazyk (Turkmen), півні́чний (pivníčnyj) (Ukrainian), شُمالی (śumālī) (Urdu), شىمالىي (shimaliy) (Uyghur), shimoliy (Uzbek), bắc (Vietnamese), nolüdik (Volapük), хоту (qotu) (Yakut), צפֿונדיק (tsofndik) (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-northern-en-adj-SEfFkeO- Disambiguation of 'facing, situated in or related to the north': 53 23 23
  2. (of a wind) Blowing from the north; northerly. Translations (of wind): βόρειος (bóreios) (Ancient Greek), pohjoinen (Finnish), pohjois- (Finnish), bise [feminine] (French), ჩრდილოეთის ქარი (črdiloetis kari) (Georgian), północny (Polish), norte (Portuguese), nordic (Romanian), a tuath (Scottish Gaelic)
    Sense id: en-northern-en-adj-L5-BVe5g Disambiguation of 'of wind': 39 61 0
  3. (British) Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised) Tags: British Translations (characteristic of North of England): pohjoisenglantilainen (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-northern-en-adj-37yw2DEm Categories (other): British English, English adjectives ending in -en, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ern Disambiguation of English adjectives ending in -en: 9 5 31 3 29 24 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 3 32 2 38 21 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ern: 2 3 42 3 23 27 Disambiguation of 'characteristic of North of England': 9 14 76
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: boreal, septentrional Related terms: eastern, occidental, oriental, western
Derived forms: great northern bean, great northern diver, great northern loon, great northern prawn, great northern shrike, northern anchovy, Northern Areas, Northern Beaches, northern bilberry, northern birch mouse, northern blot analysis, northern bobwhite, northern bottlenose whale, northern brown argus, northern brushtail possum, Northern Cape, northern cardinal, northern cavefish, northern dawn, northerner, Northerner, northern firmoss, northern flicker, northern fulmar, northern fur seal, northern fur-seal, northern gannet, northern goshawk, Northern Grampians, northern greater galago, northern hairy-nosed wombat, northern harrier, northern hawk owl, northern hemisphere, Northern Hemisphere, northern house martin, Northern Ireland, Northern Irish, northern jacana, northern lady fern, northern lapwing, northern lights, Northern Lights, northern lion, northern maidenhair, Northern Marianas, Northern Midlands, northern monkey, northernmost, Northern Norway, northern oriole, northern palm squirrel, Northern Palmyra, northern pintail, northern quoll, northern raccoon, northern raven, northern red-backed vole, northern red oak, Northern Rhodesia, Northern Rivers, northern rock cress, northern screamer, northern scurfy Quaker moth, northern shoveler, northern shrike, northern shrimp, northern slimy salamander, northern snakehead, northern solstice, northern soul, northern spell, Northern State, northern streamers, Northern Tablelands, Northern Territories, Northern Territory, northern three-toed jerboa, northern tigrina, northern tree shrew, Northern Union football, northern viscacha, northern water dragon, northern wheatear, northern wild rice, northern wiretail, northern wolffish, northern woodrush

Noun

IPA: /ˈnɔːðən/ [UK], /ˈnɔːðn̩/ [UK], /ˈnɔɹðɚn/ [US], /ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/ [nonstandard] Audio: en-us-northern.ogg [US] Forms: northerns [plural]
enPR: nôr′''th''ərn Etymology: From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn. Morphologically north + -ern. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|northerne}} Middle English northerne, {{inh|en|ang|norþerne}} Old English norþerne, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*norþrōnī}} Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*nurþrōnijaz}} Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz, {{cog|goh|nordrōni}} Old High German nordrōni, {{cog|non|norrœnn}} Old Norse norrœnn, {{suffix|en|north|ern}} north + -ern Head templates: {{en-noun}} northern (plural northerns)
  1. An inhabitant of the northern regions.
    Sense id: en-northern-en-noun-sDeBXmzM
  2. (fishing) The northern pike. Categories (topical): Fishing Categories (lifeform): Pikes (fish)
    Sense id: en-northern-en-noun-uWsQH2~B Disambiguation of Pikes (fish): 1 1 29 1 45 23 Categories (other): English adjectives ending in -en, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English adjectives ending in -en: 9 5 31 3 29 24 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 31 1 40 22 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 3 32 2 38 21 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 4 2 30 1 42 21 Topics: fishing, hobbies, lifestyle
  3. A film or other dramatic work set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska, often with a Mountie as the protagonist. Categories (topical): Wind
    Sense id: en-northern-en-noun-903X0wnO Disambiguation of Wind: 13 20 19 2 18 28 Categories (other): English adjectives ending in -en, English entries with language name categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English adjectives ending in -en: 9 5 31 3 29 24 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 3 32 2 38 21

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for northern meaning in English (28.1kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "austral"
    },
    {
      "word": "meridional"
    },
    {
      "word": "southern"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "great northern bean"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "great northern diver"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "great northern loon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "great northern prawn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "great northern shrike"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern anchovy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Areas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Beaches"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern bilberry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern birch mouse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern blot analysis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern bobwhite"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern bottlenose whale"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern brown argus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern brushtail possum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Cape"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern cardinal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern cavefish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern dawn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northerner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northerner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern firmoss"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern flicker"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern fulmar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern fur seal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern fur-seal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern gannet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern goshawk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Grampians"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern greater galago"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern hairy-nosed wombat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern harrier"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern hawk owl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern hemisphere"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Hemisphere"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern house martin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Ireland"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Irish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern jacana"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern lady fern"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern lapwing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern lights"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Lights"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern lion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern maidenhair"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Marianas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Midlands"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern monkey"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northernmost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Norway"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern oriole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern palm squirrel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Palmyra"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern pintail"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern quoll"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern raccoon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern raven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern red-backed vole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern red oak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Rhodesia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Rivers"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern rock cress"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern screamer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern scurfy Quaker moth"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern shoveler"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern shrike"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern shrimp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern slimy salamander"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern snakehead"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern solstice"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern soul"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern spell"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern State"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern streamers"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Tablelands"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Territories"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Territory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern three-toed jerboa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern tigrina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern tree shrew"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Northern Union football"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern viscacha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern water dragon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern wheatear"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern wild rice"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern wiretail"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern wolffish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "northern woodrush"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "northerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English northerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "norþerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English norþerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*norþrōnī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*nurþrōnijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "nordrōni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German nordrōni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "norrœnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse norrœnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "north",
        "3": "ern"
      },
      "expansion": "north + -ern",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn.\nMorphologically north + -ern.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more northern",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most northern",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "northern (comparative more northern, superlative most northern)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "eastern"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "occidental"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "oriental"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "western"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28",
          "text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly."
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-adj-SEfFkeO-",
      "links": [
        [
          "north",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "northerly",
          "northerly"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "verior"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šamāliyy",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "شَمَالِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hyusisayin",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "հյուսիսային"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "şimali"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "quzey"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "iparreko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "paŭnóčny",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "паўно́чны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "uttor",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "উত্তর"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "séveren",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "се́верен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "taung",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "တောင်"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "septentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "běifāng",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "北方"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "běi",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "北"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "co",
          "lang": "Corsican",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "settentriunale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "severní"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nordlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "noordelijk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "norda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "põhjamaine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "põhja-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "pohjois-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "septentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boréal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "setentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdiloetis",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ჩრდილოეთის"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdilouri",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ჩრდილოური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdiloetit",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ჩრდილოეთით"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdiloetidan",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ჩრდილოეთიდან"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdiloetisa",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ჩრდილოეთისა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nördlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "Nord-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "vóreios",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "βόρειος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "bóreios",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "βόρειος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tsfoní",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "צְפוֹנִי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "uttarī",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "उत्तरी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "északi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "norður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "tuaisceartach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "thuaidh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "settentrionale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nordico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boreale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "alt": "きた",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kita",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "北"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "jv",
          "lang": "Javanese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "lor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "jv",
          "lang": "Javanese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "lèr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "soltüstık",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "солтүстік"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "khaang cəəng",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ខាងជើង"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bukjjogui",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "북쪽의"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ckb",
          "lang": "Central Kurdish",
          "roman": "bakurî",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "باکوری"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "bakurî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "tündük",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "түндүк"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "nư̄a",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ເໜືອ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boreālis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "borēus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ziemeļu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "šiaurinis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "šiaurės"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "severen",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "северен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "vaṭakkaṉ",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "വടക്കൻ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "uttara",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ഉത്തര"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "mnc",
          "lang": "Manchu",
          "roman": "amargi",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nordlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "septentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "roman": "šamāli",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "شمالي"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "šomâli",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "شمالی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nuadna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "północny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "setentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nortenho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boreal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nordic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boreal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "septentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sévernyj",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "се́верный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "norlin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "a tuath"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "tuath"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "се̏ве̄рнӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "сје̏ве̄рнӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "sȅvērnī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "sjȅvērnī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "severný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "severen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "septentrional"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "norteño"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "boreal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nordlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "šimolī",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "шимолӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "เหนือ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "txb",
          "lang": "Tocharian B",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "oṣṣaleṣṣe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "kuzey"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "demirgazyk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pivníčnyj",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "півні́чний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "śumālī",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "شُمالی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "shimaliy",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "شىمالىي"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "shimoliy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "bắc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "nolüdik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "sah",
          "lang": "Yakut",
          "roman": "qotu",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "хоту"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 23 23",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "tsofndik",
          "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
          "word": "צפֿונדיק"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Blowing from the north; northerly."
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-adj-L5-BVe5g",
      "links": [
        [
          "Blowing",
          "blowing"
        ],
        [
          "northerly",
          "northerly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a wind) Blowing from the north; northerly."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a wind"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "pohjoinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "pohjois-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bise"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "črdiloetis kari",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "ჩრდილოეთის ქარი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "bóreios",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "βόρειος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "północny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "norte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "nordic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 61 0",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "of wind",
          "word": "a tuath"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 5 31 3 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 32 2 38 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 42 3 23 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ern",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Les Dawson was a famous northern comedian.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised)"
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-adj-37yw2DEm",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British) Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "British"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 14 76",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "characteristic of North of England",
          "word": "pohjoisenglantilainen"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔɹðɚn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-northern.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg/En-us-northern.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "nôr′''th''ərn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "boreal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "septentrional"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "northern"
  ],
  "word": "northern"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "northerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English northerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "norþerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English norþerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*norþrōnī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*nurþrōnijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "nordrōni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German nordrōni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "norrœnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse norrœnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "north",
        "3": "ern"
      },
      "expansion": "north + -ern",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn.\nMorphologically north + -ern.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "northerns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "northern (plural northerns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An inhabitant of the northern regions."
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-noun-sDeBXmzM",
      "links": [
        [
          "inhabitant",
          "inhabitant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Fishing",
          "orig": "en:Fishing",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 5 31 3 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 31 1 40 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 32 2 38 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 30 1 42 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 29 1 45 23",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Pikes (fish)",
          "orig": "en:Pikes (fish)",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1993, Barry Reynolds, John Berryman, Pike on the Fly: The Flyfishing Guide to Northerns, Tigers, and Muskies",
          "text": "As is the case with northerns, the female muskie, trailed by her attendant males, may broadcast eggs over several hundred yards.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The northern pike."
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-noun-uWsQH2~B",
      "links": [
        [
          "fishing",
          "fishing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "northern pike",
          "northern pike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fishing) The northern pike."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fishing",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 5 31 3 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 32 2 38 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 20 19 2 18 28",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Wind",
          "orig": "en:Wind",
          "parents": [
            "Weather",
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A film or other dramatic work set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska, often with a Mountie as the protagonist."
      ],
      "id": "en-northern-en-noun-903X0wnO",
      "links": [
        [
          "North America",
          "North America"
        ],
        [
          "Canada",
          "Canada"
        ],
        [
          "Alaska",
          "Alaska"
        ],
        [
          "Mountie",
          "Mountie"
        ],
        [
          "protagonist",
          "protagonist"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔɹðɚn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-northern.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg/En-us-northern.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "nôr′''th''ərn"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "northern"
  ],
  "word": "northern"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "austral"
    },
    {
      "word": "meridional"
    },
    {
      "word": "southern"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -ern",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "en:Pikes (fish)",
    "en:Wind"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "great northern bean"
    },
    {
      "word": "great northern diver"
    },
    {
      "word": "great northern loon"
    },
    {
      "word": "great northern prawn"
    },
    {
      "word": "great northern shrike"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern anchovy"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Areas"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Beaches"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern bilberry"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern birch mouse"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern blot analysis"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern bobwhite"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern bottlenose whale"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern brown argus"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern brushtail possum"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Cape"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern cardinal"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern cavefish"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern dawn"
    },
    {
      "word": "northerner"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northerner"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern firmoss"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern flicker"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern fulmar"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern fur seal"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern fur-seal"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern gannet"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern goshawk"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Grampians"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern greater galago"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern hairy-nosed wombat"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern harrier"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern hawk owl"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern hemisphere"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Hemisphere"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern house martin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Ireland"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Irish"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern jacana"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern lady fern"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern lapwing"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern lights"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Lights"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern lion"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern maidenhair"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Marianas"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Midlands"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern monkey"
    },
    {
      "word": "northernmost"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Norway"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern oriole"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern palm squirrel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Palmyra"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern pintail"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern quoll"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern raccoon"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern raven"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern red-backed vole"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern red oak"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Rhodesia"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Rivers"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern rock cress"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern screamer"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern scurfy Quaker moth"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern shoveler"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern shrike"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern shrimp"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern slimy salamander"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern snakehead"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern solstice"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern soul"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern spell"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern State"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern streamers"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Tablelands"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Territories"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Territory"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern three-toed jerboa"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern tigrina"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern tree shrew"
    },
    {
      "word": "Northern Union football"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern viscacha"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern water dragon"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern wheatear"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern wild rice"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern wiretail"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern wolffish"
    },
    {
      "word": "northern woodrush"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "northerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English northerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "norþerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English norþerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*norþrōnī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*nurþrōnijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "nordrōni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German nordrōni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "norrœnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse norrœnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "north",
        "3": "ern"
      },
      "expansion": "north + -ern",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn.\nMorphologically north + -ern.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more northern",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most northern",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "northern (comparative more northern, superlative most northern)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "eastern"
    },
    {
      "word": "occidental"
    },
    {
      "word": "oriental"
    },
    {
      "word": "western"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28",
          "text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "north",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "northerly",
          "northerly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Blowing from the north; northerly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Blowing",
          "blowing"
        ],
        [
          "northerly",
          "northerly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a wind) Blowing from the north; northerly."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a wind"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Les Dawson was a famous northern comedian.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised)"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(British) Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "British"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔɹðɚn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-northern.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg/En-us-northern.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "nôr′''th''ərn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "boreal"
    },
    {
      "word": "septentrional"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "verior"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šamāliyy",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "شَمَالِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hyusisayin",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "հյուսիսային"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "şimali"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "quzey"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "iparreko"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "paŭnóčny",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "паўно́чны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "uttor",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "উত্তর"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "séveren",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "се́верен"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "taung",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "တောင်"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "septentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "běifāng",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "北方"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "běi",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "北"
    },
    {
      "code": "co",
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "settentriunale"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "severní"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nordlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "noordelijk"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "norda"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "põhjamaine"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "põhja-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "pohjois-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "septentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boréal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "setentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdiloetis",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ჩრდილოეთის"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdilouri",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ჩრდილოური"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdiloetit",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ჩრდილოეთით"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdiloetidan",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ჩრდილოეთიდან"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdiloetisa",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ჩრდილოეთისა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nördlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "Nord-"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "vóreios",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "βόρειος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "bóreios",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "βόρειος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tsfoní",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "צְפוֹנִי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "uttarī",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "उत्तरी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "északi"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "norður"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "tuaisceartach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "thuaidh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "settentrionale"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nordico"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boreale"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きた",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kita",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "北"
    },
    {
      "code": "jv",
      "lang": "Javanese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "lor"
    },
    {
      "code": "jv",
      "lang": "Javanese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "lèr"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "soltüstık",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "солтүстік"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "khaang cəəng",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ខាងជើង"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bukjjogui",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "북쪽의"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "bakurî",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "باکوری"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "bakurî"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "tündük",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "түндүк"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "nư̄a",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ເໜືອ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boreālis"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "borēus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ziemeļu"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "šiaurinis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "šiaurės"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "severen",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "северен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "vaṭakkaṉ",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "വടക്കൻ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "uttara",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ഉത്തര"
    },
    {
      "code": "mnc",
      "lang": "Manchu",
      "roman": "amargi",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nordlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "septentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "šamāli",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "شمالي"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "šomâli",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "شمالی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nuadna"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "północny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "setentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nortenho"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boreal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nordic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boreal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "septentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sévernyj",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "се́верный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "norlin"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "a tuath"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "tuath"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "се̏ве̄рнӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "сје̏ве̄рнӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "sȅvērnī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "sjȅvērnī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "severný"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "severen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "septentrional"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "norteño"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "boreal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nordlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "šimolī",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "шимолӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "เหนือ"
    },
    {
      "code": "txb",
      "lang": "Tocharian B",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "oṣṣaleṣṣe"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "kuzey"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "demirgazyk"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pivníčnyj",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "півні́чний"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "śumālī",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "شُمالی"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "shimaliy",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "شىمالىي"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "shimoliy"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "bắc"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "nolüdik"
    },
    {
      "code": "sah",
      "lang": "Yakut",
      "roman": "qotu",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "хоту"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "tsofndik",
      "sense": "facing, situated in or related to the north",
      "word": "צפֿונדיק"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "pohjoinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "pohjois-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bise"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "črdiloetis kari",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "ჩრდილოეთის ქარი"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "bóreios",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "βόρειος"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "północny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "norte"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "nordic"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "of wind",
      "word": "a tuath"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "characteristic of North of England",
      "word": "pohjoisenglantilainen"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "northern"
  ],
  "word": "northern"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -ern",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "en:Pikes (fish)",
    "en:Wind"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "northerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English northerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "norþerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English norþerne",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*norþrōnī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*nurþrōnijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "nordrōni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German nordrōni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "norrœnn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse norrœnn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "north",
        "3": "ern"
      },
      "expansion": "north + -ern",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English northerne, from Old English norþerne, from Proto-West Germanic *norþrōnī, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz. Cognate with Old High German nordrōni and Old Norse norrœnn.\nMorphologically north + -ern.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "northerns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "northern (plural northerns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An inhabitant of the northern regions."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inhabitant",
          "inhabitant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Fishing"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1993, Barry Reynolds, John Berryman, Pike on the Fly: The Flyfishing Guide to Northerns, Tigers, and Muskies",
          "text": "As is the case with northerns, the female muskie, trailed by her attendant males, may broadcast eggs over several hundred yards.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The northern pike."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fishing",
          "fishing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "northern pike",
          "northern pike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fishing) The northern pike."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fishing",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A film or other dramatic work set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska, often with a Mountie as the protagonist."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "North America",
          "North America"
        ],
        [
          "Canada",
          "Canada"
        ],
        [
          "Alaska",
          "Alaska"
        ],
        [
          "Mountie",
          "Mountie"
        ],
        [
          "protagonist",
          "protagonist"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔːðn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɔɹðɚn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-northern.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg/En-us-northern.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-northern.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "nôr′''th''ərn"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "northern"
  ],
  "word": "northern"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.