See 北 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 北 meaning in Japanese (20.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "New Taipei",
"roman": "Shinhoku",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"しん"
],
[
"北",
"ほく"
]
],
"word": "新北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "seihoku",
"ruby": [
[
"西",
"せい"
],
[
"北",
"ほく"
]
],
"word": "西北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Taipei",
"ruby": [
[
"台",
"タイ"
],
[
"北",
"ペイ"
]
],
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "台北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northeast",
"roman": "tōhoku",
"word": "東北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Tōhoku",
"word": "東北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "north and south; north to south",
"roman": "nanboku",
"ruby": [
[
"南",
"なん"
],
[
"北",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "南北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "defeat",
"roman": "haiboku",
"ruby": [
[
"敗",
"はい"
],
[
"北",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "敗北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Beijing",
"roman": "Pekin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
]
],
"word": "北京"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Peiping, former name of Beijing",
"roman": "Pēpin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペー"
],
[
"平",
"ピン"
]
],
"word": "北平"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほう"
],
[
"条",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "北条"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "north latitude",
"roman": "hokui",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"緯",
"い"
]
],
"word": "北緯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokushin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "北進"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "going north, moving north",
"roman": "hokujō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "北上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northwest",
"roman": "hokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"西",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "北西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokusoemu",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"叟",
"そ"
],
[
"笑",
"え"
]
],
"word": "北叟笑む"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northern extremity",
"roman": "hokutan",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"端",
"たん"
]
],
"word": "北端"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokuten",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
]
],
"word": "北天"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the Big Dipper; northern ladel of seven stars",
"roman": "Hokuto Shichisei",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"斗",
"と"
],
[
"七",
"しち"
],
[
"星",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "北斗七星"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northeast",
"roman": "hokutō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "北東"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokufū",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"風",
"ふう"
]
],
"word": "北風"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northern part",
"roman": "hokubu",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
]
],
"word": "北部"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokumen",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "北面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hokuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"洋",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "北洋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hokuriku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"陸",
"りく"
]
],
"word": "北陸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "northern sea, the North Sea",
"roman": "hokkai",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"海",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "北海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hokkaidō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"海",
"かい"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "北海道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the North Pole",
"roman": "Hokkyoku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"極",
"きょく"
]
],
"word": "北極"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hoppō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"方",
"ぽう"
]
],
"word": "北方"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-character-3DZeedQc",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"escape, run away"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-character-qe3G5Jjb",
"links": [
[
"escape",
"escape"
],
[
"run away",
"run away"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kita-omote",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"面",
"おもて"
]
],
"word": "北面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kitakaze",
"ruby": [
[
"北風",
"きたかぜ"
]
],
"word": "北風"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kitagata",
"ruby": [
[
"北方",
"きたがた"
]
],
"word": "北方"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kitaguni",
"ruby": [
[
"北国",
"きたぐに"
]
],
"word": "北国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kita shigure",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"時雨",
"しぐれ"
]
],
"word": "北時雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kita no kata",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "北の方"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kita Hankyū",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"半球",
"はんきゅう"
]
],
"word": "北半球"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kitamado",
"ruby": [
[
"北窓",
"きたまど"
]
],
"word": "北窓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nishi-kita",
"ruby": [
[
"西北",
"にしきた"
]
],
"word": "西北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "higashi-kita",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"ひがし"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "東北"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた"
},
"expansion": "北(きた) • (kita)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "南"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "905, Kokin Wakashū (book 9, poem 412)",
"roman": "kita e yuku kari zo nakunaru tsurete koshi kazu wa tarade zo kaeruberanaru",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"行",
"ゆ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
],
[
"数",
"かず"
]
],
"text": "北へ行く雁ぞ鳴くなるつれてこし数はたらでぞかへるべらなる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north (cardinal point)"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-kz3SfnO9",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"cardinal point",
"cardinal point#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the North (northern part of a region)"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-T61ZyjRy",
"links": [
[
"North",
"North"
],
[
"northern",
"northern#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "南"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a northerly, north wind"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-3bcwl3ZX",
"links": [
[
"northerly",
"northerly"
],
[
"north wind",
"north wind"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北風"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kita no kata): northward",
"word": "北の方"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 北の方 (kita no kata): northward"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-~5cLB1js",
"links": [
[
"北の方",
"北の方#Japanese"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 5 10 4 9 6 1 10 6 26 12 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 3 10 7 0 10 7 26 12 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 6 12 8 1 12 8 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 5 10 7 1 10 6 24 12 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 3 9 7 1 10 6 27 12 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 9 6 1 11 6 23 13 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 5 11 8 1 13 7 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "from the many countries in the Northern Hemisphere are considered developed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a developed country"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-OFC2dT~3",
"links": [
[
"developed country",
"developed country"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"キタ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きた",
"3": "キタ"
},
"expansion": "北(きた) or 北(キタ) • (Kita)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Japan",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Tokyo",
"orig": "ja:Places in Tokyo",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Special wards of Tokyo",
"orig": "ja:Special wards of Tokyo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kita (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-name-D9QlbBgh",
"links": [
[
"Kita",
"Kita#English"
],
[
"special wards",
"special ward"
],
[
"Tokyo",
"Tokyo#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the red-light district north of Edo Castle"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-name-Yp7iIqIb",
"links": [
[
"red-light district",
"red-light district"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the red-light district north of Edo Castle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北郭"
},
{
"word": "北国"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese female given names",
"parents": [
"Female given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 10 31 2 3 6 3 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-name-pLhOhtoi",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北する",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "北し",
"roman": "kita shi",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "北した",
"roman": "kita shita",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "北し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "北しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "北される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "北させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kita dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "北しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "北しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "北した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "北して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "北すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go northwards"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-verb-sPLloa8~",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北進する"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wind tile; east wind; ton",
"roman": "kazehai",
"word": "風牌: 東"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "south wind",
"roman": "nan",
"word": "南"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "west wind",
"roman": "shā",
"word": "西"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "北",
"sort": "へえ",
"tr": "běi"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 北 (běi)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin 北 (běi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペー"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pē",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ペー"
},
"expansion": "北(ペー) • (pē)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Mahjong",
"orig": "ja:Mahjong",
"parents": [
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north wind (mahjong tile)"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-rJOpN9WH",
"links": [
[
"mahjong",
"mahjong"
],
[
"north wind",
"north wind"
],
[
"tile",
"tile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mahjong) north wind (mahjong tile)"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"games",
"mahjong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Mahjong",
"orig": "ja:Mahjong",
"parents": [
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)"
],
"id": "en-北-ja-noun-lJZmH~JX",
"links": [
[
"mahjong",
"mahjong"
],
[
"役",
"役#Japanese"
],
[
"win",
"win"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"triplet",
"triplet"
],
[
"quad",
"quad"
],
[
"翻",
"翻#Japanese"
],
[
"double",
"double"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"games",
"mahjong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pe̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ほく",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ほく",
"Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ぺい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading きた",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading に-げる",
"Japanese kanji with tōon reading ぺ",
"Japanese terms spelled with 北",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "New Taipei",
"roman": "Shinhoku",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"しん"
],
[
"北",
"ほく"
]
],
"word": "新北"
},
{
"roman": "seihoku",
"ruby": [
[
"西",
"せい"
],
[
"北",
"ほく"
]
],
"word": "西北"
},
{
"english": "Taipei",
"ruby": [
[
"台",
"タイ"
],
[
"北",
"ペイ"
]
],
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "台北"
},
{
"english": "northeast",
"roman": "tōhoku",
"word": "東北"
},
{
"roman": "Tōhoku",
"word": "東北"
},
{
"english": "north and south; north to south",
"roman": "nanboku",
"ruby": [
[
"南",
"なん"
],
[
"北",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "南北"
},
{
"english": "defeat",
"roman": "haiboku",
"ruby": [
[
"敗",
"はい"
],
[
"北",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "敗北"
},
{
"english": "Beijing",
"roman": "Pekin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
]
],
"word": "北京"
},
{
"english": "Peiping, former name of Beijing",
"roman": "Pēpin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペー"
],
[
"平",
"ピン"
]
],
"word": "北平"
},
{
"roman": "Hōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほう"
],
[
"条",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "北条"
},
{
"english": "north latitude",
"roman": "hokui",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"緯",
"い"
]
],
"word": "北緯"
},
{
"roman": "hokushin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "北進"
},
{
"english": "going north, moving north",
"roman": "hokujō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "北上"
},
{
"english": "northwest",
"roman": "hokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"西",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "北西"
},
{
"roman": "hokusoemu",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"叟",
"そ"
],
[
"笑",
"え"
]
],
"word": "北叟笑む"
},
{
"english": "northern extremity",
"roman": "hokutan",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"端",
"たん"
]
],
"word": "北端"
},
{
"roman": "hokuten",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
]
],
"word": "北天"
},
{
"english": "the Big Dipper; northern ladel of seven stars",
"roman": "Hokuto Shichisei",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"斗",
"と"
],
[
"七",
"しち"
],
[
"星",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "北斗七星"
},
{
"english": "northeast",
"roman": "hokutō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "北東"
},
{
"roman": "hokufū",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"風",
"ふう"
]
],
"word": "北風"
},
{
"english": "northern part",
"roman": "hokubu",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
]
],
"word": "北部"
},
{
"roman": "hokumen",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "北面"
},
{
"roman": "hokuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"洋",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "北洋"
},
{
"roman": "Hokuriku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"陸",
"りく"
]
],
"word": "北陸"
},
{
"english": "northern sea, the North Sea",
"roman": "hokkai",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"海",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "北海"
},
{
"roman": "Hokkaidō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"海",
"かい"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "北海道"
},
{
"english": "the North Pole",
"roman": "Hokkyoku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"極",
"きょく"
]
],
"word": "北極"
},
{
"roman": "hoppō",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"方",
"ぽう"
]
],
"word": "北方"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"north"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"escape, run away"
],
"links": [
[
"escape",
"escape"
],
[
"run away",
"run away"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 北",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kita-omote",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"面",
"おもて"
]
],
"word": "北面"
},
{
"roman": "kitakaze",
"ruby": [
[
"北風",
"きたかぜ"
]
],
"word": "北風"
},
{
"roman": "Kitagata",
"ruby": [
[
"北方",
"きたがた"
]
],
"word": "北方"
},
{
"roman": "kitaguni",
"ruby": [
[
"北国",
"きたぐに"
]
],
"word": "北国"
},
{
"roman": "kita shigure",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"時雨",
"しぐれ"
]
],
"word": "北時雨"
},
{
"roman": "kita no kata",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "北の方"
},
{
"roman": "Kita Hankyū",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"半球",
"はんきゅう"
]
],
"word": "北半球"
},
{
"roman": "kitamado",
"ruby": [
[
"北窓",
"きたまど"
]
],
"word": "北窓"
},
{
"roman": "nishi-kita",
"ruby": [
[
"西北",
"にしきた"
]
],
"word": "西北"
},
{
"roman": "higashi-kita",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"ひがし"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "東北"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた"
},
"expansion": "北(きた) • (kita)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "南"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Japanese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "905, Kokin Wakashū (book 9, poem 412)",
"roman": "kita e yuku kari zo nakunaru tsurete koshi kazu wa tarade zo kaeruberanaru",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"行",
"ゆ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
],
[
"数",
"かず"
]
],
"text": "北へ行く雁ぞ鳴くなるつれてこし数はたらでぞかへるべらなる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north (cardinal point)"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"cardinal point",
"cardinal point#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the North (northern part of a region)"
],
"links": [
[
"North",
"North"
],
[
"northern",
"northern#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "南"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a northerly, north wind"
],
"links": [
[
"northerly",
"northerly"
],
[
"north wind",
"north wind"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北風"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kita no kata): northward",
"word": "北の方"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 北の方 (kita no kata): northward"
],
"links": [
[
"北の方",
"北の方#Japanese"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "from the many countries in the Northern Hemisphere are considered developed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a developed country"
],
"links": [
[
"developed country",
"developed country"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 北",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"キタ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きた",
"3": "キタ"
},
"expansion": "北(きた) or 北(キタ) • (Kita)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Places in Japan",
"ja:Places in Tokyo",
"ja:Special wards of Tokyo"
],
"glosses": [
"Kita (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kita",
"Kita#English"
],
[
"special wards",
"special ward"
],
[
"Tokyo",
"Tokyo#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"the red-light district north of Edo Castle"
],
"links": [
[
"red-light district",
"red-light district"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the red-light district north of Edo Castle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北郭"
},
{
"word": "北国"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese female given names",
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 北",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きた"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attributed to Old Japanese, although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.\nUltimate derivation unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北する",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "北し",
"roman": "kita shi",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "北した",
"roman": "kita shita",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "北し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "北しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "北される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "北させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kita dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "北しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "北しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "北した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "北して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kita shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "北すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kita sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go northwards"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "北進する"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"other": "きた"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠]"
},
{
"other": "[kíꜜtà]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲitå̠]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"Japanese terms derived from Mandarin",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 北",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "wind tile; east wind; ton",
"roman": "kazehai",
"word": "風牌: 東"
},
{
"english": "south wind",
"roman": "nan",
"word": "南"
},
{
"english": "west wind",
"roman": "shā",
"word": "西"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "北",
"sort": "へえ",
"tr": "běi"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 北 (běi)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin 北 (běi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペー"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pē",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ペー"
},
"expansion": "北(ペー) • (pē)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Mahjong"
],
"glosses": [
"north wind (mahjong tile)"
],
"links": [
[
"mahjong",
"mahjong"
],
[
"north wind",
"north wind"
],
[
"tile",
"tile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mahjong) north wind (mahjong tile)"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"games",
"mahjong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ja:Mahjong"
],
"glosses": [
"a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)"
],
"links": [
[
"mahjong",
"mahjong"
],
[
"役",
"役#Japanese"
],
[
"win",
"win"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"triplet",
"triplet"
],
[
"quad",
"quad"
],
[
"翻",
"翻#Japanese"
],
[
"double",
"double"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"games",
"mahjong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pe̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"背"
],
"word": "北"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "北/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"背\"], \"word\": \"北\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "北",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.