See 北上 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほくじょう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく)上(じょう) • (hokujō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"going north"
],
"id": "en-北上-ja-noun-2XeJ47nn",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほくじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上する",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "北上し",
"roman": "hokujō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "北上した",
"roman": "hokujō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "北上し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "北上させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "北上した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "北上して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "北上すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほくじょう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく)上(じょう)する • (hokujō suru) suru (stem 北(ほく)上(じょう)し (hokujō shi), past 北(ほく)上(じょう)した (hokujō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go north"
],
"id": "en-北上-ja-verb-kQYenipY"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほくじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kitakami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きたかみ"
},
"expansion": "北(きた)上(かみ) • (Kitakami)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Kitakami-shi): a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"word": "北上市"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Japan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "79 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for 北上市 (Kitakami-shi): a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan"
],
"id": "en-北上-ja-name-4f3z1mf8",
"links": [
[
"北上市",
"北上市#Japanese"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Iwate",
"Iwate#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたかみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほくじょう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく)上(じょう) • (hokujō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"going north"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほくじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上する",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "北上し",
"roman": "hokujō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "北上した",
"roman": "hokujō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "北上し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "北上せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "北上させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "北上しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "北上します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "北上した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "北上して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "北上すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくじょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hokujō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほくじょう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく)上(じょう)する • (hokujō suru) suru (stem 北(ほく)上(じょう)し (hokujō shi), past 北(ほく)上(じょう)した (hokujō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go north"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほくじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "北上",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kitakami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きたかみ"
},
"expansion": "北(きた)上(かみ) • (Kitakami)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Kitakami-shi): a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"word": "北上市"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"ja:Cities in Japan",
"ja:Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"ja:Places in Japan"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 北上市 (Kitakami-shi): a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"北上市",
"北上市#Japanese"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Iwate",
"Iwate#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたかみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲita̠ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 北上 meaning in Japanese (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.