See 北京 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "Peking"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from English Peking",
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{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "北京",
"lit": "northern capital"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "北京",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "orthographic borrowing from Chinese 北京 (Běijīng)",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "Pequim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese Pequim",
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Pekín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish Pekín",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "Peking"
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"expansion": "Dutch Peking",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Pékin"
},
"expansion": "French Pékin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Peking"
},
"expansion": "German Peking",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пекин"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пекин (Pekin)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Peking, from the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 北京 (Běijīng). Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin, German Peking, Russian Пекин (Pekin).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北京",
"ruby": [
[
"北京",
"ペキン"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Pekin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
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"expansion": "北京(ペキン) • (Pekin)",
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"orig": "ja:Beijing",
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"China",
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Municipalities of China",
"orig": "ja:Municipalities of China",
"parents": [
"Municipalities",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
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"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ja:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
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"Names",
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"Terms by semantic function",
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"Lemmas"
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},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
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"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)"
],
"id": "en-北京-ja-name-ZRQBenzn",
"links": [
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Pekin-go",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"roman": "Pekin-jin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "北京人"
},
{
"roman": "Pekin dakku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
]
],
"word": "北京ダック"
},
{
"roman": "Pekinīzu",
"word": "ペキニーズ"
},
{
"roman": "Nankin",
"ruby": [
[
"南",
"なん"
],
[
"京",
"きん"
]
],
"word": "南京"
},
{
"roman": "Tonkin",
"word": "トンキン"
},
{
"roman": "Tōkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "東京"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ペキン"
},
{
"ipa": "[pe̞kʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)",
"ja:北京"
],
"word": "北京"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "北",
"2": "ほく",
"3": "京",
"4": "きょう",
"t1": "north",
"t2": "capital city"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北京",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hokkyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Fokukyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくきやう",
"roman": "Fokukyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ほっきょう",
"hhira": "ほくきやう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほっ)京(きょう) • (Hokkyō) ^(←ほくきやう (Fokukyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "History",
"orig": "ja:History",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyoto the \"Northern Capital\", as opposed to Nara the \"Southern Capital\""
],
"id": "en-北京-ja-name-TyFHgs1H",
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Kyoto",
"Kyoto"
],
[
"Northern",
"Northern"
],
[
"Capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara"
],
[
"Southern",
"Southern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) Kyoto the \"Northern Capital\", as opposed to Nara the \"Southern Capital\""
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほっきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:北京"
],
"word": "北京"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
"Japanese terms borrowed from English",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms derived from Mandarin",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "Peking"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English Peking",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "北京",
"lit": "northern capital"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
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},
{
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"1": "pt",
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},
"expansion": "Portuguese Pequim",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "fr",
"2": "Pékin"
},
"expansion": "French Pékin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Peking"
},
"expansion": "German Peking",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пекин"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пекин (Pekin)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Peking, from the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 北京 (Běijīng). Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin, German Peking, Russian Пекин (Pekin).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北京",
"ruby": [
[
"北京",
"ペキン"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Pekin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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}
],
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{
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
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"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"roman": "Pekin-jin",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "北京人"
},
{
"roman": "Pekin dakku",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ペ"
],
[
"京",
"キン"
]
],
"word": "北京ダック"
},
{
"roman": "Pekinīzu",
"word": "ペキニーズ"
},
{
"roman": "Nankin",
"ruby": [
[
"南",
"なん"
],
[
"京",
"きん"
]
],
"word": "南京"
},
{
"roman": "Tonkin",
"word": "トンキン"
},
{
"roman": "Tōkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "東京"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"ja:Beijing",
"ja:Cities in China",
"ja:Municipalities of China",
"ja:National capitals",
"ja:Places in China"
],
"glosses": [
"Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)"
],
"links": [
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ペキン"
},
{
"ipa": "[pe̞kʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)",
"ja:北京"
],
"word": "北京"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ほく",
"3": "京",
"4": "きょう",
"t1": "north",
"t2": "capital city"
},
"expansion": "北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "北京",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"ほっ"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hokkyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Fokukyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ほくきやう",
"roman": "Fokukyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ほっきょう",
"hhira": "ほくきやう"
},
"expansion": "北(ほっ)京(きょう) • (Hokkyō) ^(←ほくきやう (Fokukyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ja:History"
],
"glosses": [
"Kyoto the \"Northern Capital\", as opposed to Nara the \"Southern Capital\""
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Kyoto",
"Kyoto"
],
[
"Northern",
"Northern"
],
[
"Capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara"
],
[
"Southern",
"Southern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) Kyoto the \"Northern Capital\", as opposed to Nara the \"Southern Capital\""
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほっきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:北京"
],
"word": "北京"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 北京 meaning in Japanese (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北京"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北京",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"北京"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北京",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"北京"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北京",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.