See -en in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to manage",
"ref": "Accordingly, the suffix is also applied to verbs borrowed from other languages, and may be understood as the suffix for denominal verbs in general (actually -∅ derivation or conversion plus an inflectional suffix that happens to be part of the citation form of a German verb). Foul + -en → foulen (“to foul”)",
"text": "managen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of verbs in their infinitive form."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-cMZ9B8yL",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 7 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 5 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 2 0 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 25 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 0 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 26 10 11 11 7 12 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 9 11 11 6 11 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "we arrive",
"text": "wir kommen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they arrive",
"text": "sie kommen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix indicating the 1st and 3rd person plural forms (except the present indicative sind of sein)."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-AkrRQ5BB",
"links": [
[
"sind",
"sind#German"
],
[
"sein",
"sein#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fallen + ge- and -en → gefallen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to strong verb stems to form the past participle, usually together with ge-."
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-wfPLHgl0",
"links": [
[
"ge-",
"ge-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[m̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ŋ̍]"
},
{
"ipa": "[l̩n]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐn]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "after -er, -el; in sein, tun, and some dated/poetic/colloquial forms such as gehn, stehn",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "alternatively in the dated/poetic/colloquial forms",
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different declensional patterns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to some nouns in all of their plural forms; these nouns are so-called “weak” or “mixed” nouns; they are most often feminine, often masculine, rarely neuter"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-d2V~VTkh",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to weak masculine nouns in all oblique cases of the singular, and to some mixed nouns in the singular dative and accusative"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-qkoB8mjM",
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"oblique#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to most other nouns, the so-called “strong” nouns, in their plural dative"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-8tttQ-u9",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix (in fact, the most common declensional ending) which is appended to determiners, adjectives, and participles, for multiple forms of all grammatical cases, both singular and plural"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-b75af5g6",
"links": [
[
"grammatical cases",
"Appendix:Glossary#case"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "after -er, -el in nouns, but not usually in adjectives; in Herrn",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Gold (“gold”, noun) + -en → golden (“gold, golden”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that most often refer to materials"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-de:substance",
"senseid": [
"de:substance"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-ern"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós) feminine patronymic suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "de:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"id": "en--en-de-suffix-bFGejVpJ",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːn/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms in nonstandard scripts",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to manage",
"ref": "Accordingly, the suffix is also applied to verbs borrowed from other languages, and may be understood as the suffix for denominal verbs in general (actually -∅ derivation or conversion plus an inflectional suffix that happens to be part of the citation form of a German verb). Foul + -en → foulen (“to foul”)",
"text": "managen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of verbs in their infinitive form."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#infinitive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "we arrive",
"text": "wir kommen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they arrive",
"text": "sie kommen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix indicating the 1st and 3rd person plural forms (except the present indicative sind of sein)."
],
"links": [
[
"sind",
"sind#German"
],
[
"sein",
"sein#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fallen + ge- and -en → gefallen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix appended to strong verb stems to form the past participle, usually together with ge-."
],
"links": [
[
"ge-",
"ge-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[m̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ŋ̍]"
},
{
"ipa": "[l̩n]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɐn]"
},
{
"ipa": "[n̩]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el; in sein, tun, and some dated/poetic/colloquial forms such as gehn, stehn",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"english": "alternatively in the dated/poetic/colloquial forms",
"word": "-'n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different declensional patterns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to some nouns in all of their plural forms; these nouns are so-called “weak” or “mixed” nouns; they are most often feminine, often masculine, rarely neuter"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to weak masculine nouns in all oblique cases of the singular, and to some mixed nouns in the singular dative and accusative"
],
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"oblique#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix appended to most other nouns, the so-called “strong” nouns, in their plural dative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a suffix (in fact, the most common declensional ending) which is appended to determiners, adjectives, and participles, for multiple forms of all grammatical cases, both singular and plural"
],
"links": [
[
"grammatical cases",
"Appendix:Glossary#case"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "after -er, -el in nouns, but not usually in adjectives; in Herrn",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"German adjective-forming suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -en, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Gold (“gold”, noun) + -en → golden (“gold, golden”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix which is used to create adjectives that most often refer to materials"
],
"senseid": [
"de:substance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after -er, -el",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"word": "-ern"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ηνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós) feminine patronymic suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"de:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ene",
"-ene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ene (alkene suffix)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːn/"
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -en meaning in German (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.