See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -er meaning in German (7.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arbeiten (“to work”) + -er → Arbeiter (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bohren (“to drill”) + -er → Bohrer (“drill”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns etc. from verbs, suffixed to the verb stem."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:agent_noun",
"senseid": [
"de:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "husten (“to cough”) + -er → Huster (“single cough, instance of coughing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hüpfen (“to hop”) + -er → Hüpfer (“hop, instance of hopping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instance nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-jmr8uV5G",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "16 + -er → 16er (“the 16, the 16er, e.g. a bus, a football player, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "200 + -er → 200er (“a 200, the 200s, e.g. a 200-euro note, or the list items 200 to 299, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1990 + -er → 1990er (“1990s, the years 1990 to 1999”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates something defined by a number; in the plural often all numbers with the same first digits"
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-KN1UDaMY",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, a plural ending for some neuter nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plurals of some nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-8g1muYm5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:inhabitant",
"senseid": [
"de:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "der"
},
"expansion": "der",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originated from the prepositioned genitive plural of etymology 3 above, e.g.: der Berliner Pfannkuchen = \"the Berliners’ pancake\", and then \"the Berlin(er) pancake\", reanalysed as an adjective instead of a noun and seen as being in the nominative singular (due to the ambiguity of the definite article der, which is both masculine nominative and plural genitive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 6 15 10 10 32 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms invariable adjectives from place names, with a genitival meaning, indicating origin from or association with that place."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:genitival",
"links": [
[
"genitival",
"genitival#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"de:genitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lang + -er → länger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schön + -er → schöner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "exakt + -er → exakter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--er-de-suffix-de:comparative",
"senseid": [
"de:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ler"
},
{
"word": "-ner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arbeiten (“to work”) + -er → Arbeiter (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bohren (“to drill”) + -er → Bohrer (“drill”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns etc. from verbs, suffixed to the verb stem."
],
"senseid": [
"de:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "husten (“to cough”) + -er → Huster (“single cough, instance of coughing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hüpfen (“to hop”) + -er → Hüpfer (“hop, instance of hopping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms instance nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "16 + -er → 16er (“the 16, the 16er, e.g. a bus, a football player, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "200 + -er → 200er (“a 200, the 200s, e.g. a 200-euro note, or the list items 200 to 299, etc.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1990 + -er → 1990er (“1990s, the years 1990 to 1999”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates something defined by a number; in the plural often all numbers with the same first digits"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er, a plural ending for some neuter nouns.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plurals of some nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ære"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ære",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (strong, genitive -ers, plural -er)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place."
],
"senseid": [
"de:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "der"
},
"expansion": "der",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originated from the prepositioned genitive plural of etymology 3 above, e.g.: der Berliner Pfannkuchen = \"the Berliners’ pancake\", and then \"the Berlin(er) pancake\", reanalysed as an adjective instead of a noun and seen as being in the nominative singular (due to the ambiguity of the definite article der, which is both masculine nominative and plural genitive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms invariable adjectives from place names, with a genitival meaning, indicating origin from or association with that place."
],
"links": [
[
"genitival",
"genitival#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"de:genitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lang + -er → länger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schön + -er → schöner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "exakt + -er → exakter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"senseid": [
"de:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɐ]"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.