"-es" meaning in Portuguese

See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.). Etymology templates: {{inh|pt|la|-ēs|pos=2nd conj.}} Latin -ēs (2nd conj.) Head templates: {{head|pt|suffix|||||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=es}} -es, {{pt-suffix|verb|es}} -es
  1. forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-pt-suffix-5EtufESb Categories (other): Portuguese entries with incorrect language header, Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 5 22 25 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26
  2. forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-pt-suffix-raD28Q0Z Categories (other): Portuguese entries with incorrect language header, Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 5 22 25 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26
  3. forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-pt-suffix-f4zvWTz-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns) Etymology templates: {{inh|pt|la|-ēs|pos=accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns}} Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns) Head templates: {{head|pt|suffix|||||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=es}} -es, {{pt-suffix|noun|es}} -es
  1. forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-pt-suffix-uz3z14EL Categories (other): Portuguese entries with incorrect language header, Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 5 22 25 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Etymology: From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, i.e. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez. Etymology templates: {{inh|pt|roa-opt|-ez}} Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, {{cog|es|-ez}} Spanish -ez Head templates: {{head|pt|suffix|||||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=es}} -es, {{pt-suffix|noun|es}} -es
  1. (no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname) Tags: idiomatic, morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-pt-suffix-Nt4DjOK9 Categories (other): Portuguese links with redundant target parameters, Portuguese links with redundant wikilinks, Portuguese entries with incorrect language header, Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 5 22 25 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26 Disambiguation of Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys: 25 21 7 22 26
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēs",
        "pos": "2nd conj."
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-pt-suffix-5EtufESb",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-pt-suffix-raD28Q0Z",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-pt-suffix-f4zvWTz-",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēs",
        "pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-pt-suffix-uz3z14EL",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "-ez"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ez"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish -ez",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, i.e. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 7 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-pt-suffix-Nt4DjOK9",
      "links": [
        [
          "-son",
          "-son"
        ],
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "patronymic",
          "patronymic#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 19 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
    "Portuguese suffixes",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Portuguese verb-forming suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēs",
        "pos": "2nd conj."
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 19 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
    "Portuguese suffixes",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēs",
        "pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 19 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
    "Portuguese suffixes",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Portuguese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "-ez"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ez"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish -ez",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, i.e. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "pt-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Portuguese links with redundant target parameters",
        "Portuguese links with redundant wikilinks"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-son",
          "-son"
        ],
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "patronymic",
          "patronymic#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -es meaning in Portuguese (4.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Portuguese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.