See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "conj"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "2nd conj."
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-5EtufESb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-raD28Q0Z",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-f4zvWTz-",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-uz3z14EL",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "patronym"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ez",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, i.e. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense"
},
"expansion": "-es m or f by sense (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "pt-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 23 5 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 13 6 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 9 26 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
},
{
"text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
},
{
"text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
},
{
"text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"id": "en--es-pt-suffix-Nt4DjOK9",
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine suffixes",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Portuguese masculine suffixes",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffix forms",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes with multiple genders",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese uncountable suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "conj"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "2nd conj."
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (2nd conj.)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (2nd conj.), -is (3rd conj.), -īs (4th conj.).",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present indicative of 2ⁿᵈ and 3ʳᵈ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular present subjunctive of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the 2ⁿᵈ-person singular negative imperative of 1ˢᵗ conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine suffixes",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Portuguese masculine suffixes",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffix forms",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes with multiple genders",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese uncountable suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēs",
"pos": "accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēs (accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd-declension nouns)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine suffixes",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine and feminine suffixes by sense",
"Portuguese masculine suffixes",
"Portuguese proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes with multiple genders",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese uncountable suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "patronym"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese -ez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ez"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ez",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese -ez, further origins unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, i.e. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Spanish -ez.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense"
},
"expansion": "-es m or f by sense (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "pt-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fernando + -es → Fernandes (“son of Fernando”)"
},
{
"text": "Henrique + -es → Henriques (“son of Henrique”)"
},
{
"text": "Martim + -es → Martins (“son of Martim”)"
},
{
"text": "Rodrigo + -es → Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"idiomatic",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -es meaning in Portuguese (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "Portuguese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of noun-forming suffix or adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "Portuguese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-es"
],
"section": "Portuguese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-es",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Portuguese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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