See -ō on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ō meaning in All languages combined (17.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "-oe"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: -oe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: -oe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Lule Sami: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lule Sami: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: -u"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-o",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Proto-Finnic *-o.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ō-smi-pro-suffix-grqUOYY9",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-ō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-uõ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -uõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -uõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-y"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-y",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-y (n-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-ū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-ū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-ū"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-ô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-ô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων",
"id": "nominalisation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -अन् (-an)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -अन् (-an)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ō",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -ō"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-ō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-onm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-onm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-onm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-én",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-én",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-éni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-éni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(é)-ō"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-on",
"2": "(Ø)-n̥",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-én"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Hoffmann's suffix",
"word": "-Hō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gʷréh₂us (“heavy”) + *-ō → *gʷréh₂wō (“millstone”, literally “the heavy one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tḗtḱti (“to create”) + *-ō → *tétḱō (“carpenter”, literally “one who creates”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(s)kérti (“to cut”) + *-ō → *(s)kérō (“meat”, literally “something cut”) (> Latin carō)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms so-called “individualizing” or “participant” nouns from nouns and adjectives, agent or patient nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ō-ine-pro-suffix-aQrBd9Jf",
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive#English:_linguistics"
],
[
"agent",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"patient nouns",
"patient#English:_linguistics"
],
[
"Joseph, Brian D.",
"w:de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive) Forms so-called “individualizing” or “participant” nouns from nouns and adjectives, agent or patient nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "h₂eḱs- + *-ō → *h₂éksō (“axis”) (> Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn))",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "meh₂k- + *-ō → *méh₂kō (“poppy”) (> Proto-Germanic *mōhô)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns from nouns or roots, often with unclear semantic distinction."
],
"id": "en--ō-ine-pro-suffix-fJ2EqZ1c",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Derives nouns from nouns or roots, often with unclear semantic distinction."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -o, -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -o, -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates adverbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ō-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:adverb",
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "German: -e (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ō-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"agent nouns",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "おう"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of おう"
],
"id": "en--ō-ja-romanization-sNZCeYVG",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"おう",
"おう#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "-ஓ"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: -ஓ (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: -ஓ (-ō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "-ഓ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: -ഓ (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: -ഓ (-ō)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Dravidian clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dubitative-alternative clitic"
],
"id": "en--ō-dra-pro-suffix-saWOsg9R",
"tags": [
"clitic",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "おう"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of おう"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"おう",
"おう#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "-ஓ"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: -ஓ (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: -ஓ (-ō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "-ഓ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: -ഓ (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: -ഓ (-ō)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Dravidian clitics",
"Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header"
],
"glosses": [
"dubitative-alternative clitic"
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-ō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-uõ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -uõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -uõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-y"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-y",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-y (n-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-ū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-ū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-ū"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-ô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-ô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ων",
"id": "nominalisation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-अन्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -अन् (-an)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -अन् (-an)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ō",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -ō"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-ō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ones",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-onm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-onm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-onh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-onm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-onm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-én",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-én",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-éni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-éni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-n̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-n̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(é)-ō"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-on",
"2": "(Ø)-n̥",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-én"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "Hoffmann's suffix",
"word": "-Hō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gʷréh₂us (“heavy”) + *-ō → *gʷréh₂wō (“millstone”, literally “the heavy one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tḗtḱti (“to create”) + *-ō → *tétḱō (“carpenter”, literally “one who creates”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(s)kérti (“to cut”) + *-ō → *(s)kérō (“meat”, literally “something cut”) (> Latin carō)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms so-called “individualizing” or “participant” nouns from nouns and adjectives, agent or patient nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive#English:_linguistics"
],
[
"agent",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"patient nouns",
"patient#English:_linguistics"
],
[
"Joseph, Brian D.",
"w:de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive) Forms so-called “individualizing” or “participant” nouns from nouns and adjectives, agent or patient nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "h₂eḱs- + *-ō → *h₂éksō (“axis”) (> Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn))",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "meh₂k- + *-ō → *méh₂kō (“poppy”) (> Proto-Germanic *mōhô)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns from nouns or roots, often with unclear semantic distinction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Derives nouns from nouns or roots, often with unclear semantic distinction."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "-oe"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: -oe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: -oe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Lule Sami: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lule Sami: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: -u"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-o",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Proto-Finnic *-o.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samic lemmas",
"Proto-Samic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Samic suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -o, -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -o, -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates adverbs from adjectives."
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "German: -e (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates agent nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"agent nouns",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.