See -ō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -o, -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -o, -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates adverbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ō-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:adverb",
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "German: -e (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 15 19 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 21 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 19 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ō-gmw-pro-suffix-gmw_pro:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"agent nouns",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -o, -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -o, -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o\nMiddle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates adverbs from adjectives."
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:adverb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -e (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -e"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -o"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -e"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "German: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "German: -e (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ô",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates agent nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"agent nouns",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ō meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.