See -ium on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ium meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um",
"4": "",
"5": "neuter singular morphological suffix"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um (“neuter singular morphological suffix”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferrum",
"3": "",
"4": "iron"
},
"expansion": "ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um (“neuter singular morphological suffix”), based on Latin terms for metals such as ferrum (“iron”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the names of metal elements, after the style of early-named elements, as well as the isotopes of hydrogen."
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-5szn~kCM",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"isotope",
"isotope#English"
],
[
"hydrogen",
"hydrogen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the names of metal elements, after the style of early-named elements, as well as the isotopes of hydrogen."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 42 9 6 2 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 63 10 2 7 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Element nomenclature",
"orig": "en:Element nomenclature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name."
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-Hh7eUUU~",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"temporary",
"temporary#English"
],
[
"systematic element name",
"systematic element name#English"
],
[
"metallic",
"metallic#English"
],
[
"nonmetallic",
"nonmetallic#English"
],
[
"postulated",
"postulate#Verb"
],
[
"synthesize",
"synthesize#English"
],
[
"assign",
"assign#English"
],
[
"permanent",
"permanent#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of polyatomic cations."
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-JsVc1Pzn",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"polyatomic",
"polyatomic#English"
],
[
"cation",
"cation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the name of polyatomic cations."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Bryan Pfaffenberger, Official Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 book, page 34",
"text": "According to the FAQ, a site's coolness can be attributed to a trace element called coolium.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Jason Lethcoe, Wishing Well, appendix, page ii",
"text": "Stupidium: Exposure to this Element can cause very silly behavior.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Selena Kitt, Quickies, page 91",
"text": "We're at the North Pole, aren't we? Let's just call the new element Santa Clausium!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-vQo~LHfb",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, humorous) Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis from multiple Latin or New Latin compounds suffixed with -ium, whose function, among others, is to derive parasynthetic compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-iums",
"5": "irregular plural",
"6": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ium (plural -iums, irregular plural -ia)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "epithelium, pollinium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of an aggregation or mass of something, such as biological tissue"
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-EQ6IwjZZ",
"links": [
[
"aggregation",
"aggregation#English"
],
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
],
[
"biological",
"biological#English"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tōrium"
},
"expansion": "-tōrium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "-ārium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis of Latin words suffixed with -tōrium, -ārium and -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plual -ia",
"tags": [
"irregular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-iums",
"5": "irregular plual",
"6": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ium (plural -iums, irregular plual -ia)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "auditorium, gymnasium, planetarium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate the setting where a given activity is carried out"
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-hDWbWZnm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ammonium"
},
"expansion": "ammonium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-onium"
},
"expansion": "-onium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis of ammonium or from -onium of the same source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pharmaceutical drugs",
"orig": "en:Pharmaceutical drugs",
"parents": [
"Drugs",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: -onium"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents."
],
"id": "en--ium-en-suffix-H~gNKRIB",
"links": [
[
"pharmacology",
"pharmacology"
],
[
"quaternary ammonium compound",
"quaternary ammonium compound#English"
],
[
"neuromuscular blocking agent",
"w:neuromuscular-blocking drug"
],
[
"cholinergic",
"cholinergic#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
],
[
"anticholinergic",
"anticholinergic#English"
],
[
"antibacterial",
"antibacterial#English"
],
[
"antiseptic",
"antiseptic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pharmacology) Used to form names of quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents."
],
"related": [
{
"alt": "Etymology 1",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "-ion"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pharmacology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ium"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en--ium-nl-suffix-hCsPWmDf",
"links": [
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aestimium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alloquium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ambivium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cōnfluvium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ium"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ius",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-ius (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьje"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -ius (suffix forming adjectives): as a nominal suffix (Suffix 1), a substantivisation of its neuter forms; as an adjectival suffix (Suffix 2), regularly declined forms. Compare Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion), Proto-Slavic *-ьje.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 41 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "auspex + -ium → auspicium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dēsīderō + -ium → dēsīderium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "castellum (“castle”) + -ium → castilium (“fortified city”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form abstract nouns, sometimes denoting offices and groups. May no longer be productive."
],
"id": "en--ium-la-suffix-F00Hrl9B",
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 41 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter suffixes in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"id": "en--ium-la-suffix-Na1z7P3r",
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[iʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/i.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ius:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"id": "en--ium-la-suffix-t-QgLZJG",
"links": [
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ius:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en--ium-la-suffix-H1gauZ8g",
"links": [
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -s"
],
"id": "en--ium-la-suffix-0mF5uWz~",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ium",
"pos": "forms names of chemical elements"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ius",
"pos": "forms adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-ius (forms adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "-iōs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin -iōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-jos",
"pos": "forms comparative adverbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-yōs",
"4": "*-yōs ~ *-is-",
"pos": "forms adjectives"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements), from -ius (forms adjectives), from Old Latin -iōs, from Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs), from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-i‧um"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "aquarium, gospel, criterion, college, laboratory, medium, privilege, sanatorium, study",
"text": "akvarium, evangelium, kriterium, kollegium, laboratorium, medium, privilegium, sanatorium, studium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns (loanwords) of Greek or Latin origin; -ium"
],
"id": "en--ium-nb-suffix-nb:noun",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"loanwords",
"loanwords#English"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek#English"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "nb:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"text": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"id": "en--ium-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"chemical compounds",
"chemical compounds#English"
],
[
"elements",
"elements#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "nb:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "geranium ― geranium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"id": "en--ium-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "nb:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alluvium, kambrium, ordovicium ― alluvium, cambrium, ordovicium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"id": "en--ium-nb-suffix-nb:noun1",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"geological",
"geological#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪ.ʉm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉm"
},
{
"audio": "nb--ium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg/Nb--ium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-ium"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"en:Element nomenclature"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um",
"4": "",
"5": "neuter singular morphological suffix"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um (“neuter singular morphological suffix”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferrum",
"3": "",
"4": "iron"
},
"expansion": "ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um (“neuter singular morphological suffix”), based on Latin terms for metals such as ferrum (“iron”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the names of metal elements, after the style of early-named elements, as well as the isotopes of hydrogen."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"isotope",
"isotope#English"
],
[
"hydrogen",
"hydrogen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the names of metal elements, after the style of early-named elements, as well as the isotopes of hydrogen."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"temporary",
"temporary#English"
],
[
"systematic element name",
"systematic element name#English"
],
[
"metallic",
"metallic#English"
],
[
"nonmetallic",
"nonmetallic#English"
],
[
"postulated",
"postulate#Verb"
],
[
"synthesize",
"synthesize#English"
],
[
"assign",
"assign#English"
],
[
"permanent",
"permanent#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of polyatomic cations."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"polyatomic",
"polyatomic#English"
],
[
"cation",
"cation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form the name of polyatomic cations."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Bryan Pfaffenberger, Official Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 book, page 34",
"text": "According to the FAQ, a site's coolness can be attributed to a trace element called coolium.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Jason Lethcoe, Wishing Well, appendix, page ii",
"text": "Stupidium: Exposure to this Element can cause very silly behavior.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Selena Kitt, Quickies, page 91",
"text": "We're at the North Pole, aren't we? Let's just call the new element Santa Clausium!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, humorous) Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"en:Element nomenclature"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis from multiple Latin or New Latin compounds suffixed with -ium, whose function, among others, is to derive parasynthetic compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-iums",
"5": "irregular plural",
"6": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ium (plural -iums, irregular plural -ia)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "epithelium, pollinium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of an aggregation or mass of something, such as biological tissue"
],
"links": [
[
"aggregation",
"aggregation#English"
],
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
],
[
"biological",
"biological#English"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"en:Element nomenclature"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tōrium"
},
"expansion": "-tōrium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "-ārium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis of Latin words suffixed with -tōrium, -ārium and -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plual -ia",
"tags": [
"irregular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-iums",
"5": "irregular plual",
"6": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ium (plural -iums, irregular plual -ia)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "auditorium, gymnasium, planetarium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate the setting where a given activity is carried out"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"en:Element nomenclature"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ammonium"
},
"expansion": "ammonium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-onium"
},
"expansion": "-onium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis of ammonium or from -onium of the same source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"alt": "Etymology 1",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "-ion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Pharmaceutical drugs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: -onium"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents."
],
"links": [
[
"pharmacology",
"pharmacology"
],
[
"quaternary ammonium compound",
"quaternary ammonium compound#English"
],
[
"neuromuscular blocking agent",
"w:neuromuscular-blocking drug"
],
[
"cholinergic",
"cholinergic#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
],
[
"anticholinergic",
"anticholinergic#English"
],
[
"antibacterial",
"antibacterial#English"
],
[
"antiseptic",
"antiseptic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pharmacology) Used to form names of quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pharmacology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter suffixes",
"Latin neuter suffixes in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin second declension suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aestimium"
},
{
"word": "alloquium"
},
{
"word": "ambivium"
},
{
"word": "cōnfluvium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: -ium"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ius",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-ius (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьje"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -ius (suffix forming adjectives): as a nominal suffix (Suffix 1), a substantivisation of its neuter forms; as an adjectival suffix (Suffix 2), regularly declined forms. Compare Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion), Proto-Slavic *-ьje.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "auspex + -ium → auspicium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dēsīderō + -ium → dēsīderium",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "castellum (“castle”) + -ium → castilium (“fortified city”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form abstract nouns, sometimes denoting offices and groups. May no longer be productive."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[iʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/i.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ius:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ius:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ium"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ium",
"pos": "forms names of chemical elements"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ius",
"pos": "forms adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-ius (forms adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "-iōs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin -iōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-jos",
"pos": "forms comparative adverbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-yōs",
"4": "*-yōs ~ *-is-",
"pos": "forms adjectives"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements), from -ius (forms adjectives), from Old Latin -iōs, from Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs), from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ium",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-i‧um"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "aquarium, gospel, criterion, college, laboratory, medium, privilege, sanatorium, study",
"text": "akvarium, evangelium, kriterium, kollegium, laboratorium, medium, privilegium, sanatorium, studium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns (loanwords) of Greek or Latin origin; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"loanwords",
"loanwords#English"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek#English"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"text": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"chemical compounds",
"chemical compounds#English"
],
[
"elements",
"elements#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "geranium ― geranium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alluvium, kambrium, ordovicium ― alluvium, cambrium, ordovicium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"geological",
"geological#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪ.ʉm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉm"
},
{
"audio": "nb--ium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg/Nb--ium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, -ium/Dutch",
"path": [
"-ium"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ium",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.