See -ess in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "feminine suffix of nouns"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (feminine suffix of nouns)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -esse, borrowed from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa). Displaced Old English -en (feminine suffix of nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esses",
"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ess (plural -esses)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "he-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "actor + -ess → actress",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chanter + -ess → chantress",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "duke + -ess → duchess (“female ruler of a duchy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "god + -ess → goddess",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lion + -ess → lioness",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prince + -ess → princess (“daughter of monarch (holding this title in her own right, who would become a queen regnant); the female equivalent of a prince”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form female equivalents."
],
"id": "en--ess-en-suffix-en:female",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:female"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-ine"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"word": "she-"
},
{
"word": "-trix"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onjë"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eshë"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ـَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "-ঈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-ini",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ইনী"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-ni",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-নী"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-আ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ez"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ma.",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "မ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǚ-",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "女-"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔ-",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "母-"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-inde"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-tär"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-in (-trix f, -öse f)"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Classical Greek",
"roman": "-issa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ῐσσᾰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Modern Greek",
"roman": "-issa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ισσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ה"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-it",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ית"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-nī",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-नी"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-nő"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "ban-"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-trīx"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"english": "borrowed from Greek",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-issa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-êsse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-inne"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ske"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iță"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-easă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ša",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ша"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ица"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ница"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ísa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-éssa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-е́сса"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-чица"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-inja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-иня"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ynja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ыня"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-íxa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́ха"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ʹja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ья"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-úxa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-у́ха"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-inna"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ska"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "ji-"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-es"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alderman + -ess → aldermaness (“alderman’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "duke + -ess → duchess (“duke’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mayor + -ess → mayoress (“mayor’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "priest + -ess → priestess (“priest’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prince + -ess → princess (“prince’s wife (who would become a queen consort)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "squire + -ess → squiress (“squire’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of."
],
"id": "en--ess-en-suffix-en:wife",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:wife"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wife of",
"word": "-né"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ess.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ess"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse, from Latin -itia.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ess",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ess-en-suffix-BWePpDl5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ess"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -esse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "feminine suffix of nouns"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (feminine suffix of nouns)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -esse, borrowed from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa). Displaced Old English -en (feminine suffix of nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-esses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-esses",
"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ess (plural -esses)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "he-"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "actor + -ess → actress",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chanter + -ess → chantress",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "duke + -ess → duchess (“female ruler of a duchy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "god + -ess → goddess",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lion + -ess → lioness",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prince + -ess → princess (“daughter of monarch (holding this title in her own right, who would become a queen regnant); the female equivalent of a prince”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form female equivalents."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:female"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-ine"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"word": "she-"
},
{
"word": "-trix"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alderman + -ess → aldermaness (“alderman’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "duke + -ess → duchess (“duke’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mayor + -ess → mayoress (“mayor’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "priest + -ess → priestess (“priest’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prince + -ess → princess (“prince’s wife (who would become a queen consort)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "squire + -ess → squiress (“squire’s wife”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of."
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:wife"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ess.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bess.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onjë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eshë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ـَة"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "-ঈ"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-ini",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ইনী"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-ni",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-নী"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-আ"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ez"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ma.",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "မ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǚ-",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "女-"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔ-",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "母-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-inde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-tär"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-in (-trix f, -öse f)"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Classical Greek",
"roman": "-issa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ῐσσᾰ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Modern Greek",
"roman": "-issa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ισσα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-it",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ית"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-nī",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-नी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-nő"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "ban-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-trīx"
},
{
"code": "la",
"english": "borrowed from Greek",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-issa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-êsse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-inne"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ske"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-esse"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iță"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-easă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ša",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ша"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ица"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ísa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́са"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-éssa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-е́сса"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čica",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-чица"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-inja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-иня"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ynja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ыня"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-íxa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́ха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ʹja",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ья"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-úxa",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-у́ха"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-inna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-essa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "-ska"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female suffix",
"word": "ji-"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female suffix",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wife of",
"word": "-né"
}
],
"word": "-ess"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-itia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -itia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse, from Latin -itia.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ess",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns from adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ess"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ess meaning in English (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.